Objective Tu Jia ethnomedicine is a unique medical system inherited and adhibited by Tu Jia minority living in central-south China. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七) is recognized as an effective and rare ...Objective Tu Jia ethnomedicine is a unique medical system inherited and adhibited by Tu Jia minority living in central-south China. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七) is recognized as an effective and rare medicinal plant to treat weakness, fatigue and rheumatism in Tu Jia ethnomedicine. This paper is to discover more substance evidence for the application of Tu Jia ethnomedicine. Methods Column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for isolation and purification;1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra were applied for structure identification;Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolim (MTT) assays were applied for cytotoxicity evaluation. Results Totally 12 known compounds were isolated by column chromatography and preparative HPLC from rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七). Structures of these compounds were identified by their NMR spectra. All the 12 compounds were triterpenoid saponins. Five of them were oleanolic acid type, and the remaining 7 were dammarane type. Eleven compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 human liver cancer cell lines and BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell lines. Three of the 11 showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against these cell lines. Conclusions A total of 12 known compounds have been identified from Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七);NMR spectra of compounds with similar skeletons showed regular characteristics;3 compounds showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and the result can be valued as weak while setting the taxol as a positive control.展开更多
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)defined a new architecture,called Home eNode B(HeNB).The 3GPP has also presented a protocol for communications between HeNB and core networks for mutual authentication.To re...The 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)defined a new architecture,called Home eNode B(HeNB).The 3GPP has also presented a protocol for communications between HeNB and core networks for mutual authentication.To reduce the authentication costs associated with communication,computation and energy,this paper proposes a simple and low-cost re-authentication protocol that does not compromise the provided security services.The proposed protocol uses as the re-authentication parameter a Master Session Key(MSK)that has already been computed in the initial authentication,and does not require the full initial authentication to be repeated.Moreover,the proposed protocol does not modify the 3GPP infrastructure,and is easily applied to the HeNB system.Finally,the security of the proposed protocol is verified by Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications(AVISPA)and Burrows-Abadi-Needham(BAN)Logic;detailed evaluations of performance are also given.The analysis results illustrate that the proposed protocol can achieve at least 50%cost reduction in communication and 58%cost reduction in energy.The computational cost is also reduced by half compared with the initial authentication.展开更多
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703819 and No. 81874369)Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2017-04)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine (No. 2015TP1020-02)Students Research Innovative Program of Hunan Province (No. 2018413)
文摘Objective Tu Jia ethnomedicine is a unique medical system inherited and adhibited by Tu Jia minority living in central-south China. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七) is recognized as an effective and rare medicinal plant to treat weakness, fatigue and rheumatism in Tu Jia ethnomedicine. This paper is to discover more substance evidence for the application of Tu Jia ethnomedicine. Methods Column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for isolation and purification;1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra were applied for structure identification;Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolim (MTT) assays were applied for cytotoxicity evaluation. Results Totally 12 known compounds were isolated by column chromatography and preparative HPLC from rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七). Structures of these compounds were identified by their NMR spectra. All the 12 compounds were triterpenoid saponins. Five of them were oleanolic acid type, and the remaining 7 were dammarane type. Eleven compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 human liver cancer cell lines and BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell lines. Three of the 11 showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against these cell lines. Conclusions A total of 12 known compounds have been identified from Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七);NMR spectra of compounds with similar skeletons showed regular characteristics;3 compounds showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and the result can be valued as weak while setting the taxol as a positive control.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Councilthe National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No. 60772136, No. 61102056+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. JY10000901025the project supported by Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China under Grant No. 2011JQ8042
文摘The 3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP)defined a new architecture,called Home eNode B(HeNB).The 3GPP has also presented a protocol for communications between HeNB and core networks for mutual authentication.To reduce the authentication costs associated with communication,computation and energy,this paper proposes a simple and low-cost re-authentication protocol that does not compromise the provided security services.The proposed protocol uses as the re-authentication parameter a Master Session Key(MSK)that has already been computed in the initial authentication,and does not require the full initial authentication to be repeated.Moreover,the proposed protocol does not modify the 3GPP infrastructure,and is easily applied to the HeNB system.Finally,the security of the proposed protocol is verified by Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications(AVISPA)and Burrows-Abadi-Needham(BAN)Logic;detailed evaluations of performance are also given.The analysis results illustrate that the proposed protocol can achieve at least 50%cost reduction in communication and 58%cost reduction in energy.The computational cost is also reduced by half compared with the initial authentication.
