课堂教学中学生“不合作行为”的成因分析及对策

电视中专校课堂教学中学生“不合作行为”较为常见，从内外两个方面分析了其成因。外因主要从社会、家庭、教师、教学过程、学校管理等角度进行了分析；内因主要从学生自身文化基础、学习习惯、非智力因素、“差生”思维定势等方面进行了分析，提出了加强学生的思想品德教育、加强对学生的管理、加强与家长的联系、加强师德师风建设、培养学生课堂良好学习习惯等对策。

跨域生态治理中政府“不合作”现象分析及完善路径

区域生态协同治理具有环境治理整体性和行政区划分割性的特点,在合作过程中政府的行为和利益结构等因素在一定程度上决定了政府是否具备合作意愿。治理成本、政府政绩理念、利益分配机制对政府合作意愿、合作行为会产生不同影响。因此,在区域协同发展背景下,要不断提高政府在跨域生态治理中的合作意愿,需降低合作交易成本、规范利益分配、完善补偿机制、规范政府官员的行为。

Effects of Probability of Accurately Predicting and Ascertaining Defection on Cooperation and its Application to Simulated Internet Dealing

Without cooperative behaviors, our society or organization falls into social dilemma situations where every member selects uncooperative （defective） behaviors, and the situation gets worse and worse. Such a situation in a society or an organization leads to violation of social or organizational rules, and at the worst case it suffers from serious accidents or scandals. Therefore, it is important for us to make efforts and take measures to elicit cooperative behaviors. It was demonstrated theoretically that altruism strategy and adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy are in some cases better than rational strategy under the situation of social dilemma. We built up a mathematical model in order to examine how the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining the behavior （cooperation or defection） of opponents and the mixture of （a） altruism （all cooperation） strategy, （b） individualism （all defection） strategy, and （c） adaptive prediction and ascertainment strategy affected the expected profit. Simulation results showed that the tit-for-tat strategy was better than the rational （individualism） strategy when the probability of correctly predicting and ascertaining defection of the opponent was considerably higher. As an application of the basic study above, it was explored, using a simulation method, how such a system as opening reputation or peer review in public could work satisfactorily to prevent defective behaviors in auction dealing. The result showed that the information on the handle name and the reputation effectively worked to prevent defective behaviors.

跨域生态治理中政府“不合作”现象分析及完善路径

政府合作关系的建立不仅受制度政策、分配机制等顶层设计的影响,还与政府心理动机、行为机理等密切相关。随着'一体化'进程的不断推进,地方政府合作更深层立体,合作方式也更趋于多样化。有别于其他政府合作,区域生态协同治理具有环境治理整体性和行政区划分割性的特点,在合作过程中政府的行为和利益结构等因素在一定程度上决定了政府是否具备合作意愿。充分揭露政府在生态治理过程中选择'不合作'策略的表现,分析其影响因素,可以为跨域生态治理寻求科学有效的途径。研究发现,治理成本、政府政绩理念、利益分配机制对政府合作意愿、合作行为会产生不同影响。因此,在区域协同发展背景下,要不断提高政府在跨域生态治理中的合作意愿,需降低合作交易成本、规范利益分配、完善补偿机制、规范政府官员的行为。