A two-period model is developed to investigate the competitive effects of targeted advertising with imperfect targeting in a duopolistic market. In the first period, two firms compete in price in order to recognize cu...A two-period model is developed to investigate the competitive effects of targeted advertising with imperfect targeting in a duopolistic market. In the first period, two firms compete in price in order to recognize customers. In the second period, targeted advertising plays an informative role and acts as a price discrimination device. The firms＇ optimal advertising and pricing strategies under imperfect targeting are compared with those under perfect targeting. Equilibrium decisions show that, under imperfect targeting, when the advertising cost is low enough, both firms will choose to target ads at the rivals＇ old segments. This equilibrium, which could not exist under perfect targeting, results in two opposite results. When cost is high, the effect of mis-targeting will soften price competition and increase profits; on the contrary, when cost is low enough, it will lead to aggressive price competition and profit loss with the increase of imperfect targeting, so firms may have incentives to reduce the mis- targeting degree.展开更多
A decision model to maximize the total profit of manufacturers in an imperfect production system is constructed.In this model the production reliability and the warranty length are jointly used as decision variables f...A decision model to maximize the total profit of manufacturers in an imperfect production system is constructed.In this model the production reliability and the warranty length are jointly used as decision variables for the case that products are sold with a warranty i.e. the demand is dependent on the warranty length and sale price.Also all the non-conforming quality defective items in the production process are refurbished to conform to quality ones at a cost. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal values of production reliability and the warranty length are proved by using the Euler-Lagrange method in analyzing the model.A numerical example is also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the decision model.The sensitivity analysis of the key parameters of the optimal solution and objective value is presented in addition.展开更多
When Utopia is re-discussed in the contemporary era, it is no longer just a question about the continued writing of a romantic poem, but a revolutionary political question. As it is the ＂presence＂ of ＂absence＂, th...When Utopia is re-discussed in the contemporary era, it is no longer just a question about the continued writing of a romantic poem, but a revolutionary political question. As it is the ＂presence＂ of ＂absence＂, the charm of Utopia lies in that it is not only distant otherness, but a kind of existence always touching the undercurrent of reality. In contemporary era, Utopia exists in the paradoxical form of dystopia. It is just in the review on Utopia that the political potential of art enables aesthetic Utopia re-enter its promising holy land as a new configuration of contemporary Utopia. However, the practice of aesthetic Utopia is not entirely poetic; on the contrary, there are always many fields which intertwine around and fight against each other between reality and expectations. Therefore, the aesthetic revolution chooses a more prudent way after the passionate release.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71371050)
文摘A two-period model is developed to investigate the competitive effects of targeted advertising with imperfect targeting in a duopolistic market. In the first period, two firms compete in price in order to recognize customers. In the second period, targeted advertising plays an informative role and acts as a price discrimination device. The firms＇ optimal advertising and pricing strategies under imperfect targeting are compared with those under perfect targeting. Equilibrium decisions show that, under imperfect targeting, when the advertising cost is low enough, both firms will choose to target ads at the rivals＇ old segments. This equilibrium, which could not exist under perfect targeting, results in two opposite results. When cost is high, the effect of mis-targeting will soften price competition and increase profits; on the contrary, when cost is low enough, it will lead to aggressive price competition and profit loss with the increase of imperfect targeting, so firms may have incentives to reduce the mis- targeting degree.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71171049)the Scientific Innovation Research of College Graduates in Jiangsu Province(No.CXLX13-097)
文摘A decision model to maximize the total profit of manufacturers in an imperfect production system is constructed.In this model the production reliability and the warranty length are jointly used as decision variables for the case that products are sold with a warranty i.e. the demand is dependent on the warranty length and sale price.Also all the non-conforming quality defective items in the production process are refurbished to conform to quality ones at a cost. The existence and uniqueness of the optimal values of production reliability and the warranty length are proved by using the Euler-Lagrange method in analyzing the model.A numerical example is also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the decision model.The sensitivity analysis of the key parameters of the optimal solution and objective value is presented in addition.
文摘When Utopia is re-discussed in the contemporary era, it is no longer just a question about the continued writing of a romantic poem, but a revolutionary political question. As it is the ＂presence＂ of ＂absence＂, the charm of Utopia lies in that it is not only distant otherness, but a kind of existence always touching the undercurrent of reality. In contemporary era, Utopia exists in the paradoxical form of dystopia. It is just in the review on Utopia that the political potential of art enables aesthetic Utopia re-enter its promising holy land as a new configuration of contemporary Utopia. However, the practice of aesthetic Utopia is not entirely poetic; on the contrary, there are always many fields which intertwine around and fight against each other between reality and expectations. Therefore, the aesthetic revolution chooses a more prudent way after the passionate release.
