试论业余“专业证书”教育

我校于1989年秋首次开办业余“专业证书”教育，招收具有高中或相当于高中及高中以上文化程度，在专业技术岗位或专业性较强的管理岗位上工作五年以上的年龄偏大但实践经验丰富的专业技术在职人员。通过两年业余“专业证书”教育的培养，使其达到本专业岗位所需相当于大专学历层次的专业知识水平。由于无成形的办学模式和成熟的教学经验可供借鉴，为保质保量地达到既定的培养目标，我们结合本校的实际情况谈谈我们对业余“专业证书”教育中的若干问题的看法和建议。

适应市场需求培养实用型焊接人才

现阶段中国的装备制造业发展迅猛,作为主要加工方法的焊接技术也得到了迅猛发展,焊接人才格局也发生了很大的变化,作为现代焊接技术的掌握者及应用者的焊接工程技术人才市场需求也越来越多,实用型焊接人才的培养显得尤为突出。焊接人才包括焊接技术人才和焊接技能人才。如何能够把握市场的脉搏,培养市场急需的实用型焊接人才是各个应用型本科院校紧迫的研究课题。针对实用型焊接人才培养模式,主要分两种(即焊接技能人才培养模式的研究和焊接工程技术人才培养模式的研究),重点对应用型本科院校的焊接专业学生(即焊接技工程术人才)的培养模式中的专业理论课程及实践课程的设置加以论述。

Integrating ideological and political education into comprehensive English teaching

Ideological and political education is the core of quality education. In order to better impart knowledge and educate students, teachers should put ideological and political education into the teaching practice. This paper attempts to discuss the issue of how teachers of comprehensive English course carry out ideological education by making good use of the teaching materials.

Experimental interdisciplinary program： Tourism Business Management and English

This paper is a report of an experimental undergraduate composite program of Tourism Business Management and English. It introduces the characteristics of the program structure, faculty, learning materials, teaching and learning methods, and assessment approaches. The achievements of the program as well as the major problems it has experienc.ed are also discussed.

Entrustable professional activities in nursing:A concept analysis

Objective:Entrustable professional activities(EPAs)is a newly emerging concept.This paper aims at analyzing the concept of"EPAs"to clarify the meaning and to identify its components for optimum understanding of the concept for use in nursing education and future research.Method:Three databases-ProQuest,Ovid,and PubMed-were retrieved,and Walker and Avant's concept analysis approach was used to analyze the concept of EPAs.Results:Based on the analysis,three attributes of EPAs were defined,namely (1)EPAs should be restricted to a limited number of tasks;(2)reflect the experience curve;and (3)include acceptance of responsibility and accountability.The antecedent of EPAs is a holistic and integrated assessment approach.This will eventually lead to anticipated consequences such as a mastery of core competencies and an increase in the level of autonomy.Conclusion:The study may contribute to a reduction in the ambiguity of this concept to better apply it in nursing practice.

Physically literate and physically educated:A rose by any other name?

In the 2013 release of the U.S. National Physical Education Standards the term ＂physically literate＂ replaced ＂physically educated＂. Un- fortunately, most discourse within the profession about the term physically literate occurred primarily after its adoption. While we agree with the spirit and intent of the term, we feel it is essential to discuss not only what has been potentially gained but also lost. In our paper, we illustrate the similarity of the terms physically educated and physically literate and essentially, from a definitional perspective, find little difference--but are these terms interchangeable？ We provide a critical review of the standards and conclude that the change to physical literacy has produced a shift away from psychomotor outcomes to cognitive outcomes. Our concerns about this are many, but most importantly they are about the need to emphasize the ＂physical＂ in physical education （PE）. It is our belief that the key to elevating the profession and maintaining and increasing support for PE is in its ability to promote and provide physical activity. Without physical activity and physical fitness as main outcomes, PE increases its vulnerability to extinction as a standard part of the U.S. K-12 education curriculum.

Research on the Achievement Motivation of the University Student Village Officials in the Suburbs of Beijing

[Objective] The aim was to explore the achievement motivation of the university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing.[Method] The research made an investigation on 429 university student village officials in the suburbs of Beijing by the Achievements Motive Scale(AMS).[Result] The achievement motivation of these student village officials was not on a high level,but they tended to pursue the success motivation rather than the motivation to avoid failures obviously.There was a significant difference in the achievement motivation between different genders,majors and jobs.The males' motivation for success was higher than the females'.The motivation of avoiding failures among officials in Humanities was higher than in Science and in Fine Art.And the university student village officials in professional and technical posts or in business posts rated the motivation to avoid failures more important than in basic management posts.But achievement motivations in different urban-rural areas,educational levels,political backgrounds,whether student leaders or not,and durations were no definite differences.Besides,it had a significant effect on these student village officials' achievement motivation whether advices and suggestions were accepted;if yes,the motivation was higher.[Conclusion] This study had provided stability and development for building rural talent groups.

Analysis on Promoting the Construction and Development of Campus Culture from Art Education

Colleges and universities, as important educational institutions of training professional personnel, should make a change to the curriculum setting along with the changed demands of market on personnel. In this process, art can be used by them as a key course in teaching. On the one hand, the improvement of art education in colleges and universities can provide students with increasingly more learning opportunities in professional learning, so that the professional quality of students can be promoted to reach a corresponding level in a certain period. On the other hand, art education has exerted a variety of positive roles in promoting the construction of campus culture, and especially has promoted the students in colleges and universities to get objective cultural knowledge in ideology. Therefore, this is analyzed by the author in this paper.

PROSPECT OF MEDICAL GENETICS IN CHINA FROM A HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW

The history of medical genetics is briefly reviewed. It is evident that medical genetics with its inseparable part, clinical genetics, started out as a cfinical science from the very beginning. Its robust development in the developed countries is the result of a close interaction between the basic sciences and clinical genetics. In China, however, clinical genetics has not received due emphasis and medical genetics is still not recognized as one of the medical specialties. This is in marked contrast to the situation in the West. It is high time to acknowledge that medical genetics is a medical specialty and to promote clinical genetics service in qualified hospitals in our country.

Curriculum Innovation in Language Teacher Education:Reflections on the PGDELT Program’s Contributions to EFL Teachers’Continuing Professional Development

Initial teacher preparation and teachers’ continuing professional development are two significant pillars of the teacher education enterprise. The former encompasses a wide range of teachereducation initiatives at the levels of diploma, bachelor’s degree, postgraduate diploma, and even master’s degree for teacher licensure purposes. These are widely documented in the literature.What is important is how teacher professional development contributes to bolstering the teachereducator force, which is relatively insufficiently documented due to the very fact that different educational systems have somewhat different expectations of such programs in relation to the ideologies and theories underpinning the teacher professional development program design and curriculum offering. Taking stock of a postgraduate diploma program in English language teaching(PGDELT) for teachers’ continuing professional development with a 31-year history housed at a premier teacher education institution in Singapore, which has successfully graduated over 1, 000 English language teachers for colleges and universities in China, I intend to highlight some of its key features, as a former student and then a lecturer on the program, in order to draw implications for sustainable growth of language teacher education programs, especially those whose main purposes are to prepare teachers of English as a second or foreign language(ESL/EFL) and provide continuing professional development opportunities for such inservice teachers.

Classical Hollywood as an Epistemological Network

Perhaps no other medium has been described, analyzed, and understood in relation to other media as much as film has been. Theatre, photography, and magic provided a framework for understanding the intermediality of film as an exchange between people, objects, and techniques. In what follows the author shall leave aside the peculiarities of these entities, and shall instead regard them as equivalent containers of knowledge--a reduction that resembles Bruno Latour＇s concept of an ontological symmetry of human and non-human actors （Latour, 1996）. The attempt to describe Hollywood around 1930 as an epistemological network raises the questions of how much external knowledge was necessary and how much was digestible to support the development of a relatively young medium like film at that time？ The author shall claim that Hollywood progressively excluded external ＂actors＂ and therefore was forced to establish its own structures in order to compensate this loss or integrate knowledge on its own terms. The factor that most people working in the industry did not have higher or specialized education proved to be favorable for achieving independence. Autonomy here means self-referentiality as opposed to intermediality.

Sandwich-Course Training in Higher Education as a Major Strategic Thrust Regional Policy of Professional Training： Lessons Learned From the Pioneering Example of the University Institute of Technology Corsica

Corsica is an island economy marked by the complete absence of any of the big holdings and multinationals that fuel and forge the worldwide economy. Equally absent is any of the kind of medium-sized enterprises servicing big business that have spearheaded local economies in other regions like Lombardy. Corsica＇s economic fabric is essentially made up of small and home businesses, farm smallholdings, artisans, and small-scale retail. Given how public-sector capital investment is already hypertrophied, a policy of investment in human capital could be a compelling new opportunity to trigger a dynamic regional development impetus. Leading the way, the University Institute of Technology Corsica, Corsica University＇s affiliated school of applied vocational technologies, is demonstrating its ability to act as a structurally engaged facilitator of island-wide spatial planning and regional branding. As a founding pillar in pioneering the emergence of a sandwich-course training system in higher education in Corsica, in 2010 the university made its entire training curriculum fully accessible to all through the signature of apprenticeship training or vocational qualifications agreements. This grass-roots programme is the outcome of a committed core strategy to develop partnerships with the island＇s key social and economic communities （businesses, community groups, and local authorities）, and it plays a fundamental role in shaping and selling the most vital valued assets that typify a regional territory emerging into a structured destination-brand identity （simultaneous growth in the employability and quality of school-to-work transition shown by its human capital, mass shift in the degree of skill acquisition directly tied to the regional territory＇s own organic needs, fluidity of knowledge transfer fully controlled through sandwich placements, deep sustainable entrepreneurship education etc.）. After highlighting the specific features of the sandwich training policy development process in Corsica as a shaper of the Regional Vocational Development Programme, this paper brings an analysis of the lessons learned from the pioneering example of the University Institute of Technology Corsica as a dynamic engineer of structured future and regional brand for Corsica.

Professional Education of Quantity Surveyors for the Indonesian Construction Industry

Education and Job Training is defined as informal education in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the National Educational System in Article 26 Point 3. Education and Job Training is carried out for individuals who require knowledge, work skills, life skills, and the correct attitudes for self-development, professional development, work, independent business and continued education. In the Indonesian construction industry, the Quantity Surveyor is a common role in planning and controlling consultant firms. These firms are organized as members of National Association of Indonesian Consultants. Many firms employ architects and technical staff as Quantity Surveyors, even if they only have experience in project calculations. This has given rise to the problem of inaccurate cost projections in the construction industry. Therefore, the future of Quantity Surveyors in Indonesia hinges on the implementation of education and short courses as means of raising the skill level of the profession. These steps will help to bridge the knowledge gap between local and foreign consultants.

Apply the visual management in the nursing education to carry forward the spirit of Nightingale

Apply the visual management in the teaching of the nursing education, and strengthen the cultivation of the spirit of Nightingale of the nursing students. According to the characteristics of the method of the visual management, using the visual and iconic teaching methods, construct the scene and the atmosphere of the rich cultural atmosphere, to stimulate the students＇ human emotional experience. Through several approaches, carry forward the spirit of Nightingale education of the nursing students, and make the students establish the lofty values of the nursing occupation, to provide the nursing care of high quality for the patients.

Practice and Research on the Novel Interactive Teaching and Learning Methodology for Clothing Design Major Education

In this paper, we research on the novel interactive teaching and learning methodology for clothing design major education. Clothing in the cultivation of innovative talents should be on the premise of enhancing knowledge base and at the same time pay attention to the cross of disciplines and combination, make subject mutual infiltration and influence each other. Teachers should combine the product experience and innovative thinking method and design performance to help the students complete the whole process of fashion design. In the future research, we will combine the advances of multimedia teaching with our clothing design major education to make it more effective.

Analysis and Countermeasures on Jilin Physical graduates＇ Internal Education Causes of employment difficulties

The main contents of this paper is a new trend of employment status and employment difficulties of professional sports graduates in Jilin, and analysis on Jilin Physical graduates＇ Internal Education Causes of employment difficulties ,and how to effectively promote employment of Jilin education and sports undergraduate and graduate and implement measures. In this paper, we use literature, interview survey method, to analyze five professional employment situations of the graduates （physical education major, professional sports training, human movement science, and social sports professional, traditional sports professional）. From this perspective of the internal education, employment difficulties of professional sports graduates are these ： the concept of employment is a direct factor behind their employment difficulties ; university entrepreneurship education are indirect factors behind Kyrgyzstan employment difficulties ; training model obsolete is the root cause of their difficulties in finding jobs; college enrollment in recent years is its employment difficulties catalyst. This article analyzes the employment situation relating to education, and proposed employment countenueasures which professional sports graduates adapt to, namely： to meet market demand, improve professional structural adjustment; establish the concept of occupation after the first job; establish their own businesses and Multiple Employment Awareness; create a ＂multi-skilltype＂ physical training model.

Analysis of ＂Five in One＂ Training Model of Vocational Marketing Major

In 2010, the Ministry of Education put forward ＂five in one＂ training requirements for Vocational Education. It gives a direction for reform, exploration, innovation and development of vocational education. In this paper, the author analyzes status, problems and improvement measures of marketing professionals to achieve ＂five in one＂ and discuss on how to achieve ＂five in one＂ training in marketing major of higher vocational professional, with certain significance.

Reflection on Education of Broadcasting and Hosting Major in Today＇s Universities

According to the development trend in China＇ s radio and television industry, the requirements of the media for broadcasters and hosts are totally different from before, and they differ from each other. Good appearance, elegant temperament and pleasant voice are no longer the sole criteria for being employed. This paper analyzes the problems with the education of broadcasting and hosting majors in China＇ s universities and proposes strategies and suggestions on this, so as to offer a guideline for its future development.

Action Research in Language Education

Action research is a kind of research in language education, but it has its own characteristics. And its implementation will help a lot in both teachers＇ professional development and classroom teaching. This article has made a tentative study of the practical use of Action Research and some problems teachers confront in using it. This article is also concerned with some solutions to the problems teachers may face, e.g., being lack of knowledge about action research and expertise, being lack of time of action research, having too large class, being short of support including money, constraints from students and authority＇s response. The implentation of action research needs teachers, experts, and school athority＇s effort to improve language teching and language education.

Analysis on the Causes of Existing Problems of Professional Knowledge of Western Rural Teachers Under the Urban and Rural Educational Planning Background

This paper adopts the self-designed questionnaire to make investigations and interviews with the rural middle and primary school teachers in Chengdu and Chongqing districts about the professional development problems of western rural teachers, and refers to the educational literature materials in western rural areas. Through a comprehensive analysis, it is known that the professional knowledge status of western rural teachers is worrying, and the reason is mainly caused by the location, policy, economy, society, continuing education and teachers＇ own factors.