世界铁路的“中国化”和中国铁路的“世界化”

中国特色社会主义进入到新时代,这一新的历史视域为中国交通提出了时代之问:即如何在新时代视域下全面审视自身的历史进程和发展逻辑?这事关中国交通能否在新的历史方位下获取自身持续前行的精准坐标。由此视域出发,中国铁路历经近代以来的被动"引入"到当下的独立自主"走出去",这一发展逻辑的跃迁,也彰显出中国铁路扬弃了世界铁路"中国化"的历史被动性,重新校准了中国铁路世界化的全新历史方位,开启了属于中国铁路自身的新时代。

Cognitive analysis of discourse coherence

ICM （Idealized Cognitive Model） theory put forward by Lakoff has a guiding function in the analysis of discourse coherence without the coherent devices, based on which WANG Yin mentioned cognitive world. The cognitive world is of two kinds： ICM and background knowledge. The process of understanding discourse is the process of activating the human＇s ICM and background knowledge so that coherence is realized.

Overview of Past, Present and Future Marine Power Plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NOx and SOx emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel ceils as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

Global optimization by small-world optimization algorithm based on social relationship network

A fast global convergence algorithm, small-world optimization (SWO), was designed to solve the global optimization problems, which was inspired from small-world theory and six degrees of separation principle in sociology. Firstly, the solution space was organized into a small-world network model based on social relationship network. Secondly, a simple search strategy was adopted to navigate into this network in order to realize the optimization. In SWO, the two operators for searching the short-range contacts and long-range contacts in small-world network were corresponding to the exploitation and exploration, which have been revealed as the common features in many intelligent algorithms. The proposed algorithm was validated via popular benchmark functions and engineering problems. And also the impacts of parameters were studied. The simulation results indicate that because of the small-world theory, it is suitable for heuristic methods to search targets efficiently in this constructed small-world network model. It is not easy for each test mail to fall into a local trap by shifting into two mapping spaces in order to accelerate the convergence speed. Compared with some classical algorithms, SWO is inherited with optimal features and outstanding in convergence speed. Thus, the algorithm can be considered as a good alternative to solve global optimization problems.

Cultural Literacy and World Literature： A Case Study

How much more can be gained from a piece of World Literature when the reader is semiotically literate in the culture that produced the work？ What are the implications of introducing the element of cultural literacy into the teaching of world literature, and how might culturally contextualizing the narrative enhance the reading experience for those who may not be familiar with the national culture that produced the work？ This paper examines these questions using as a case study The Tale of Genji （n.d.）, a novel from llth century Japan and ＂La Troisi6me Jeunesse de Madame Prune＂ （1905）, a French text set in Japan at the turn of the 20th century. Using examples taken from each writer＇s text, the author will show how a knowledge of both the target culture and the time period in which the work was produced can serve as a critical tool for analyzing the text; the former text shall be used to argue for an integration of a cultural anthropology element into the teaching of world literature, while the latter example shall be used to argue for the importance of contextualizing a text within its historical creation period. In concluding, the author shall examine the ways in which including an element of cultural literacy can lead to a truly interdisciplinary, trans-national, and trans-linguistic understanding of a particular literary text.

How Can China Introduce Itself to the World？

There are three principles guiding translation for international publicity in China. These priciples have widespread influence all over China, therefore, further study is necessary. This paper analyzes the complementary and interdependent relationships between the three principles in order to point out relevant problems and possible solutions. With the theoretical framework of＂translation and formation of cultural identities＂, ＂interactive relations between language and identities＂, the paper takes international translation theories and cases as reference and rethinks the principles from a historical and cultural perspective. The paper concludes that it is necessary and feasible to communicate with other cultures while introducing Chinese culture to the world

The Legacy of Conventional Textbook Trade Theory in the Light of Globalization

The term “globalization” designates the rapidly advancing international economic integration through substantial growth in trade of goods and services as well as surging cross-border factor mobility from the early 1990s onwards. This acceleration in the liberalization of world trade and capital movements is largely attributable to technological progress which significantly curtailed the expenses for transport as well as communication. In conjunction with the progressing opening of major newly industrializing economies endowed with abundant and cheap labor forces, it has reinforced a geographical fragmentation of production processes according to cost considerations. This phenomenon termed as “vertical specialization”, “outsourcing” or also “slicing the value chain” in turn has translated into a hike in FDI and international trade of intermediate products. The main objective of this paper is to identify adequate trade models for assessing the corresponding effects of those developments. In this context, textbook trade theories spanning from comparative advantage à la Ricardo to the new-new trade theory are examined. Subsequently, we expand on globalization-induced new forms of trade （intra-firm trade, trade within the value chain） and finally conclude with our findings to properly account for those trends.

Metropolises and World Music in Globalization： Towns, Melting Pot Works, and Jazz Classics in Memories

Metropolises in the globalization call nowadays Towns＇ of jazzmen, jazzwomen and jazz lovers, in a way from which we citizens. Christian Sallenave, sociologist with musical academic and Cities＇ into question. Jazz answers with stories and memories can learn a lesson for the future of towns, metropolises and their background, shows through examples of stories of jazz in New Orleans, New York, Paris, Bordeaux and Rome, how this nomad, notable and crossbreeding music contributes to the history of jazz, and world music, and listeners＇ memories, in ＂their own way＂ as towns, cities and their memories can contribute to the prosperity of the metropolises in globalization, through original melting pot works.

The Impact of the African Culture on World Civilization

Although much has been written about African contributions to world civilization, the authors would like to discuss in this paper the reasons why Africa is considered the cradle of civilizations and some specific elements of African culture found in other parts of the world. The dominant view is that the history of humankind began in Africa, particularly in East Africa （Ethiopia and Tanzania）. Human history in Africa is immensely long. In fact, both archaeological research and genetic studies strongly support the theory that the evolution of the modern human species （Homo sapiens） occurred in Africa. Thereafter, these early human beings spread rapidly from East Africa throughout Africa and the rest of the world. As they spread across the globe, the early human beings adapted to very different environments by developing the slight genetic variations which produce differences in skin color, hair, body type, and facial features. From Africa some people migrated into Asia before continuing to other parts of the world. The idea that the first Africans chose Asia when they decided to migrate provides the first link between Africans and Asians. Early Asians must be the closest cousins of the early Africans. Although there are historical, cultural, and linguistic connections between the African and Eastern Cultures, the authors will only discuss four major cultural elements. These include religious beliefs, concept of history and time, social structures, and the human body.

Globalization of Tourism and Third World Tourism Development——A Political Economy Perspective

Globalization, which is characterized by the escalating mobility of capital, people, ideas and information on a universal scale, has become a sweeping theme in the contemporary world. Tourism and its associated economic activities are evidently not immune to such a wider context of the world economy. In the past one or two decades, a stable increase has been witnessed in international tourist flows, inter-regional and inter-organizational alliances, and foreign direct investment. These trends are especially prevalent in the developing world, largely because of their pristine nature, di- verse culture, inexpensive goods and services, cheap labours, and other resources. However, it has been cautioned by some scholars, especially those from the Third World countries, that tourism is an industry run by and for the rich, more powerful nations and their corresponding multinational corporations. This article, from the perspective of political economy, supplemented with views from development studies, made a normative analysis on the impacts of the glob- alization of tourism on the Third World destination countries. Specifically, these impacts have been detailed in terms of economic, sociocultural, and ecological domains. It was demonstrated that without appropriate planning and manage- ment, the costs of Third World tourism development may accrue to the extent that its benefits are burned out. To avoid this happening, some suggestions have been made.

The Man of Feeling： Author, Sentimental Hero, and Reader

Henry Mackenzie＇ s The Man of Feeling （1771 ）, widely read m its time, has been generally regarded as an exemplar of sentimental fiction. As a typical man of the world, Mackenzie made arduous efforts to distance himself from Harley, the simple and naive sentimental hero he created in his novel. The novel described how the innocence and tenderness of Harley were thwarted by the evil world and how Harley responded with sighs and tears. The same response was asked of the reader. Hence, readings of sentimental novels became tear-demanding exhibitions of pathos, while the unkindness and perverseness of the world were minimized and even concealed.

Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring to reduce hospitalization rates in heart failure： a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world studies

Background Heart failure is a significant problem leading to repeated hospitalizations. Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring have demonstrated success in reducing hospitalization rates, but not all studies reported significant effects. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of telemonitoring and wireless hemodynamic monitoring devices in reducing hospitalizations in heart failure. Methods ＆ Results PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched up to 1st May 2017 for articles that investigated the effects of telemonitoring or hemodynamic monitoring on hospitalization rates in heart failure. In 31,501 patients （mean age： 68 ± 12 years; 61% male; follow-up 11 ± 8 months）, telemonitoring reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.73 （95% CI： 0.65-0.83; P 〈 0.0001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 94%）. These effects were observed in the short-term （≤ 6 months： HR = 0.77, 95% CI： 0.65-0.89; P 〈 0.01） and long-term （≥ 12 months： HR = 0.73, 95% CI： 0.62-0.87; P 〈 0.0001）. In 4831 patients （mean age 66 ± 18 years; 66% male; follow-up 13 ± 4 months）, wireless hemodynamic monitoring also reduced hospitalization rates with a HR of 0.60 （95% CI： 0.53-0.69; P 〈 0.001） with significant heterogeneity （I2 = 64%）.This reduction was observed both in the short-term （HR = 0.55, 95% CI： 0.45-0.68; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 72%） and long-term （HR = 0.64, 95% CI： 0.57-0.72; P 〈 0.001; I2 = 55%）. Conclusions Telemonitoring and hemodynamic monitoring reduce hospitalization in both short- and long-term in heart failure patients

The impact of the Olympic spirit on college students＇ sports quality education

Contemporary college students will be the future mainstay of the world and the country. It is significant to accept education of the Olympic culture. While they know the long and broad Olympic culture, they can also inherit the Olympic spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair competition, know that the world needs to be cleaner, more humane, more united.

Application of Stone as a Roofing in the Reconstruction and Construction

In architecture, in the past, different materials were used for covering of the buildings. The selection of the type of roofing depended on the purpose and size of the building; thus all the churches, administrative buildings and important medieval buildings were originally covered with stone or lead slabs as the final roofing material. The tendency of return of stone as an authentic roofing in the reconstruction of medieval buildings and churches, as well as the introduction of stone as a roofing on the new buildings in protected historic cores, is possible only if fulfilled modem principles and requirements of the physics of construction. The application of modem principles of double ventilated roofs and the use of stone as a roofing enables the restoration and preservation of the original appearance of medieval buildings, as well as the preservation and conservation of existing frescoes that have been present for centuries in these facilities. It also enables a successful reconstruction of a large number of medieval buildings. In this way it has been given a contribution to the preservation of old medieval buildings as the improvement of world cultural heritage.

Successful pregnancy in a seminoma patient after fertility preservation

The frequency of invasive cancer in young patients is increasing worldwide. For patients about to undergo a surgical procedure or to receive chemical therapy, radiation therapy, loss or impairment of fertility is a major issue. So the need for fertility protection and preservation became more intensity. Sperm banking is a standard accepted procedure for males to circumvent loss or damage to spermatozoa. Here we present a successful pregnancy in a testicular germ cell tumor patient following fertility preservation.

Research on Development Countermeasures of Marine Cultural Industry in Dalian City

Nowadays, culture, as a kind of soft power, has become the worldwide force that has an influence on the future world. The competition in the future world will also be the competition of culture and cultural productivity. The consciousness of cultural construction and cultural development has become the consensus of all countries in the world. Dalian is an important city in terms of opening to and cooperation in Northeast Asia. The development of marine culture and marine cultural industry is of great significance on promoting the growth of Dalian’s marine economy and the revitalization of the old industrial bases in northeast, which is also beneficial to the development of Liaoning coastal economic belt, the economic circle around the Bohai Sea and the construction strategy of the “Belt and Road initiative”. This paper takes the development countermeasures of marine cultural industry in Dalian city as the research subject. Based on the detailed analysis of the status and insufficiency, putting forward several specific development countermeasures of marine cultural industry in Dalian city.

Michel Houellebecq： The Era of Emptiness

Michel Houellebecq is perhaps the most successful, the most famous and controversial of all current novelists writing in French. He has become a global publishing phenomenon： His books have been translated worldwide, film adaptations of his novels have been produced, and the author is the subject of a million-euro publishing deals and successive media scandals in France. The novels depict surprising forms of imaginary resources, a radiating end of the world, a post-nuclear anxiety, and depressive characters. Houellebecq shocks us leaving us in a world where the feelings of love, tenderness and goodwill have disappeared. The purpose of Houellebecq＇s novels is to alert about the real problems of the human society in the twenty-first century. Indeed, in the books we can easily recognize the essential features of contemporary society and the fact that the individual assumes a dehumanization process in which one has to cope with his solitude in a world of emptiness. This socio-cultural dimension is indeed the background of Houellebecq＇s novels, novels in which the protagonists seem to be wedged in a mechanism from which it is difficult to escape： reification and dehumanization on the one hand, ＂robotization＂ of love on the other. This article focuses on the analysis of the texts revealing the poignant characteristics of＂L＇Ere du vide＂ （＂The Era of Emptiness＂） as described by Gilles Lipovetsky： Loneliness, the lack of love and its replacement by sexual relations.

Self and Other in Contemporary German Literature Confrontation With the Foreign World in the Novels by Renate Ahrens

The experience of＂The Other＂ has become a common one for people in the 21st century, and yet it continues to be a major problem for everyone involved. Increasingly, however, immigrants and their descendants adjust and soon participate in and with the new culture（s）. At the same time, those who encounter ＂The Other＂ through the contact with immigrants, have also to adapt, to learn, and to realize considerable changes in themselves in that process. Recently, a new German novelist, Renate Ahrens, has created several major works in which she reflects on this intricate phenomenon typical of our times. The present study might well be the first critical analysis of her last two novels, Zeit der Wahrheit （Time of Truth, 2005） and Fremde Schwestern （Alienated Sisters, 2011）, which prove to be outstanding and first-rate literary treatments of the theme of＂The Other＂ in an intercultural context. As Ahrens illustrates in both novels, each individual carries a heavy baggage imposed on them by the own family history, and so in both cases the confrontation with ＂The Other＂ serves exceedingly well to break open the shell of self-isolation and self-alienation. Love finally overcomes ancient conflicts and paves the way for new integrative forces supporting the formation of the ＂global village＂ we all are really living in.

The Restoration of Kidane Mehret Church in Sen＇afe

The Church of Kidane Mehret stands at 2,450 m above sea level, close to the village of Sen＇afe, on the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Probably built in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, the church gradually became a ruin in the middle of the last century. Following the intervention of the monks of this church, a restoration program was set up in 2006. With the agreement of the National Museum in Asmara and the World Monuments Fund, funding was collected together by the German Embassy, the French Embassy, and the Alliance Fran^aise of Asmara, which made it possible to restore the church, between 2006 and 2008. Teams of workmen and women were created to this end. Only traditional techniques were employed for the masonry of the walls, the wooden roofing the plastering, and the interior paintwork. This project, which conforms to the Charter of Venice, could serve as an example for similar restorations in the region and as a model for professional training. Finally, a trilingual article （English, German, and Tigrinya） was published in the Collection ＂Cultures et Patrimoines d＇ErythrGe＂, 2009.

From Sex Objects to Heroines A Tough Road for Female Characters in Video Games

Female character in video games is the one of the most controversial topic in game studies and nowadays women＇s anthropology. From the beginning of role in games＇ plot to sexualized graphical representation, woman in virtual world were （and sometimes still are） a point of discussion about characters sexualisation and role of female sex in virtual industry. The main aim of this paper is to present analysis of female representation in video games and how in last 30 years it has changed. In other words, how female characters were ennobled from sex object to main protagonist status. In presented research, there were used mostly the examples of popular video games with extended plot and world which can be explored by protagonists. Video game historiography, textual analysis （which helped to treat video game character as a protagonist）, and thematic analysis of video games were used as a main research method. The main conclusion of this paper is that female characters can overcome all gender or sexual stereotypes and even eventually became an icon of popular culture