ICM （Idealized Cognitive Model） theory put forward by Lakoff has a guiding function in the analysis of discourse coherence without the coherent devices, based on which WANG Yin mentioned cognitive world. The cogniti...ICM （Idealized Cognitive Model） theory put forward by Lakoff has a guiding function in the analysis of discourse coherence without the coherent devices, based on which WANG Yin mentioned cognitive world. The cognitive world is of two kinds： ICM and background knowledge. The process of understanding discourse is the process of activating the human＇s ICM and background knowledge so that coherence is realized.展开更多
The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attemp...The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities.展开更多
Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically ...Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.展开更多
many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Jowrnal of Gastroenterology The editors and anthors of the articles submitted to the jour...many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Jowrnal of Gastroenterology The editors and anthors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the aticles submitted to the journ...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the aticles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in issue） during the last editing time period.展开更多
Recent historiographic studies of cultural exchanges between Germany and Greece in the 19th and 20th centuries have tended to neglect the mutual influence of the two countries＇ intellectuals; as a result, there is in...Recent historiographic studies of cultural exchanges between Germany and Greece in the 19th and 20th centuries have tended to neglect the mutual influence of the two countries＇ intellectuals; as a result, there is insufficient appreciation of the extent to which historiography and philosophy were appropriated by the politics of the Interwar period. This article focuses on attempts by neo-Kantian philosophers to overcome the crisis of historicism, and on the impact of this crisis on Greek intellectuals＇ perceptions of historicism. The study shows that at the time historicism invoked the past to solve the problems of the present. My purpose is to show that in a time of crisis, Germany＇s pursuit of its Greekness in conformity with the Bildung tradition, and Greece＇s cultural dependence on Germany in the meaning-making of its own Greekness, shared common ground in the ideological uses of philosophy and history in the service of politics and the politics of culture. In the aftermath of WWI, German scholars raised the issue of the crisis of historicism. Neo-Kantian philosophers such as Heinrich Rickert, whose theory had a major impact on Greek intellectuals, became involved in this debate, posing the question of historical objectivity. Yet Rickert＇s philosophy of history soon fell into an impasse, leading to the rise of an idealist philosophy of history in the 1930s that committed itself anew to the dominant politics. In the 1930s, under the guise of idealism, Greek neo-Kantian intellectuals were claiming an objective historical narrative of the traumatic experience from 1922 onwards, which fit into the structure of an idealized ahistorical and mythic past, and which, as a hegemonic discourse, excluded its political enemies and propagandized the political struggle towards the fulfillment of the nation＇s historical and spiritual mission.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review ,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journ...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review ,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grareful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time period.展开更多
This paper will attempt to clarify the clear tendency, in our contemporary world, to look at ethics as something that ＂cures＂ all wrongs, all unbalance, and all evils from the political, environmental, to the busine...This paper will attempt to clarify the clear tendency, in our contemporary world, to look at ethics as something that ＂cures＂ all wrongs, all unbalance, and all evils from the political, environmental, to the business ones. For this reason, there is nothing better than to turn to ethics in order to ＂moralise＂ the system and the world, when the numerous news of fraud, injustice, and scandals are a part of everyday life in the business world and in our society. But, is this the role of ethics？ Can we reduce the aim of ethics to a mere technique？ In this paper, it is argued that ethics needs to be replaced in the epistemological scale of knowledge, where until now it has occupied a place at the top. Ethics needs to be repositioned in a different level of knowledge where we may find the roots of its foundation. It is also discussed that it is at the core of being that the experience of the action takes place and develops and in it, ethics takes root. Furthermore, it is suggested that understanding ethics from this point of view presupposes a new ethos around a relational poietics which privileges inter-subjectivity, self-creation, and an active and dynamic construction of the human and of the world.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology .The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journ...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology .The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during hte last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critrical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journ...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critrical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.
A review of recent knowledge on raptor species in Sumatra （Indonesia） is discussed here. It summarized 34 raptor species recently known from Sumatra, updating previous 32 species. A total of 19 species was recorded ...A review of recent knowledge on raptor species in Sumatra （Indonesia） is discussed here. It summarized 34 raptor species recently known from Sumatra, updating previous 32 species. A total of 19 species was recorded resident in Sumatra, eight endemic subspecies, and 18 migratory species. The resident raptors in Sumatra have different breeding seasons. There are three raptors breeding in dry season, three between dry to rainy season, two raptors in rainy season and five raptors breeding between rainy to dry season. Most raptors in Sumatra breeds between rainy to dry season, consistent with major period of breeding season of bird in Sumatra. Four species have been listed as vulnerable and near threatened by IUCN. All Indonesian raptors have been protected by the Indonesian law. Therefore, this information will provide more significant recent knowledge of the raptor species in Sumatra to be used for updating the conservation status and preparing long term monitoring activities to support the conservation of Sumatran tropical forests.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the joural are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the jour...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed theix expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed theix expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （ineluding those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue ）during the last editing time period.展开更多
Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journa...Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are gratful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.展开更多
文摘ICM （Idealized Cognitive Model） theory put forward by Lakoff has a guiding function in the analysis of discourse coherence without the coherent devices, based on which WANG Yin mentioned cognitive world. The cognitive world is of two kinds： ICM and background knowledge. The process of understanding discourse is the process of activating the human＇s ICM and background knowledge so that coherence is realized.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41071103)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.9151051501000061)+1 种基金Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences(No.10ZGXM79006)Foundation of Guangzhou Education Bureau(No.10A030)
文摘The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities.
文摘Philosophy of science has arisen as alternative to epistemology, because scientific development wanted another kind of explanation than traditional epistemological one. The latter kind of explanation is theoretically loaded and based on latent ontological assumptions. Epistemology offers science a ＂road map＂ for researcher＇s thinking. Thus epistemology knows what science should be, and philosophy of science take science for granted--existing as an empirical fact. Philosophy of science had always been a reflective and critical discipline that didn＇t want any a-priory knowledge. The main distinction between these fields of knowledge is as follows： epistemology is theoretical and projective kind of knowledge whereas philosophy of science is a non-theoretical, or better, a ＂post-theoretical＂ discipline. All facts and statements arising from philosophy of science lie within the heterogeneous space, where there is continuous transit of pre-theoretical, theoretical and post-theoretical versions of knowledge. The inevitability of conservation and utilization of human thought products is recognized, which is supplemented by the need to study the impact of theoretical thinking upon social practices.
文摘many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Jowrnal of Gastroenterology The editors and anthors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the aticles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in issue） during the last editing time period.
文摘Recent historiographic studies of cultural exchanges between Germany and Greece in the 19th and 20th centuries have tended to neglect the mutual influence of the two countries＇ intellectuals; as a result, there is insufficient appreciation of the extent to which historiography and philosophy were appropriated by the politics of the Interwar period. This article focuses on attempts by neo-Kantian philosophers to overcome the crisis of historicism, and on the impact of this crisis on Greek intellectuals＇ perceptions of historicism. The study shows that at the time historicism invoked the past to solve the problems of the present. My purpose is to show that in a time of crisis, Germany＇s pursuit of its Greekness in conformity with the Bildung tradition, and Greece＇s cultural dependence on Germany in the meaning-making of its own Greekness, shared common ground in the ideological uses of philosophy and history in the service of politics and the politics of culture. In the aftermath of WWI, German scholars raised the issue of the crisis of historicism. Neo-Kantian philosophers such as Heinrich Rickert, whose theory had a major impact on Greek intellectuals, became involved in this debate, posing the question of historical objectivity. Yet Rickert＇s philosophy of history soon fell into an impasse, leading to the rise of an idealist philosophy of history in the 1930s that committed itself anew to the dominant politics. In the 1930s, under the guise of idealism, Greek neo-Kantian intellectuals were claiming an objective historical narrative of the traumatic experience from 1922 onwards, which fit into the structure of an idealized ahistorical and mythic past, and which, as a hegemonic discourse, excluded its political enemies and propagandized the political struggle towards the fulfillment of the nation＇s historical and spiritual mission.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review ,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grareful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time period.
文摘This paper will attempt to clarify the clear tendency, in our contemporary world, to look at ethics as something that ＂cures＂ all wrongs, all unbalance, and all evils from the political, environmental, to the business ones. For this reason, there is nothing better than to turn to ethics in order to ＂moralise＂ the system and the world, when the numerous news of fraud, injustice, and scandals are a part of everyday life in the business world and in our society. But, is this the role of ethics？ Can we reduce the aim of ethics to a mere technique？ In this paper, it is argued that ethics needs to be replaced in the epistemological scale of knowledge, where until now it has occupied a place at the top. Ethics needs to be repositioned in a different level of knowledge where we may find the roots of its foundation. It is also discussed that it is at the core of being that the experience of the action takes place and develops and in it, ethics takes root. Furthermore, it is suggested that understanding ethics from this point of view presupposes a new ethos around a relational poietics which privileges inter-subjectivity, self-creation, and an active and dynamic construction of the human and of the world.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology .The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during hte last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critrical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.
文摘A review of recent knowledge on raptor species in Sumatra （Indonesia） is discussed here. It summarized 34 raptor species recently known from Sumatra, updating previous 32 species. A total of 19 species was recorded resident in Sumatra, eight endemic subspecies, and 18 migratory species. The resident raptors in Sumatra have different breeding seasons. There are three raptors breeding in dry season, three between dry to rainy season, two raptors in rainy season and five raptors breeding between rainy to dry season. Most raptors in Sumatra breeds between rainy to dry season, consistent with major period of breeding season of bird in Sumatra. Four species have been listed as vulnerable and near threatened by IUCN. All Indonesian raptors have been protected by the Indonesian law. Therefore, this information will provide more significant recent knowledge of the raptor species in Sumatra to be used for updating the conservation status and preparing long term monitoring activities to support the conservation of Sumatran tropical forests.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the joural are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology. The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（ including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue） during the last editing time preriod.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed theix expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastraenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles （ineluding those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue ）during the last editing time period.
文摘Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastroenterology.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are gratful to the following reviewers for evaluating the articles（including those published in this issue and those rejected for this issue）during the last editing time period.
