With the urgent shortage of forest resource in China, using agro-residues as raw materials of composite become increasingly important. Agro-residue is the most potential fiber resource, which is helpful to sustainable...With the urgent shortage of forest resource in China, using agro-residues as raw materials of composite become increasingly important. Agro-residue is the most potential fiber resource, which is helpful to sustainable development of composite industries in China. Based on a great deal of researches, this paper summarized and discussed some problems in using agro-residues as raw materials of composites, including raw material preparation, hot-pressing, bonding technology, preventing composite from going moldy. It is proposed that to manufacture the composite of rice straws or wheat straws, the isocayante resin is a suitable adhesive, and the appropriate technologies, bonding, and treatment measures are also needed.展开更多
Pestalotiopsis sp. J63, producing a high activity of laccase, is a new marine-derived fungus isolated from the oceanic sediment of the East China Sea. Since the marine environment is oligotrophic nutrient, marine deri...Pestalotiopsis sp. J63, producing a high activity of laccase, is a new marine-derived fungus isolated from the oceanic sediment of the East China Sea. Since the marine environment is oligotrophic nutrient, marine derived fungi may use small amount of nutrients to grow and produce laccases. Agricultural residues that are mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are difficult to be degraded and few microbes can take them as substrates, so they are considered as oligotrophic nutrient and have the potential to be used to produce value added products. In this study, the ability of Pestalotiopsis sp. J63 to use agricultural residues to produce laccases was tested in the submerged fermentation. The combination of 3 g·L 1maltose and 20 g·L 1rice straw was the best carbon sources and 8 g·L 1ammonium sulfate was the best nitrogen source under the condition without inducers. The effects of five inducers, the feeding time and concentration of inducer on laccase production were investigated.Adding 0.09 mmol·L 1phenol after 24 h of incubation led to high laccase activity(5089 U·L 1), while with 0.09mmol·L 1phenol in the medium and wheat bran as the nitrogen source, the laccase activity could reach 5791.7U·L 1. Native-PAGE results showed that two laccase isozymes were present in the cultures. One existed in both induced and non-induced culture filtrates, while the other was only found in the fermentation with the addition of phenol, guaiacol and veratryl alcohol.展开更多
With the emergence of the new digital platforms, a diversified number of approaches and providers cannot damage too much a rather crowded info sphere. What may come as a general challenge is the ＂performance＂ amateu...With the emergence of the new digital platforms, a diversified number of approaches and providers cannot damage too much a rather crowded info sphere. What may come as a general challenge is the ＂performance＂ amateurs who have the devices, the will but not the skills to become reliable communicators. Good training and an expanded concern for the accuracy of messages should distinguish between fact and fiction, and between information and opinion. The smart phone, the iPod, the lap top, or the tablet has expanded the means of communication. They have also diversified the types of messages circulated. The traditional main stream media outlets are facing a mounting competition from the social networks populated with the folk journalists, albeit, and non-professionals. Basic training of all those willing to come into the communication ring and regulations may concern not only the professionals but also the amateurs, and it may be ways to get over what seems to be a deadlock.展开更多
In this paper, we design a feedback controller, and analytically determine a control criterion so as to control the codimension-2 Bautin bifurcation in the chaotic Lfi system. According to the control criterion, we de...In this paper, we design a feedback controller, and analytically determine a control criterion so as to control the codimension-2 Bautin bifurcation in the chaotic Lfi system. According to the control criterion, we determine a potential Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by P） of the controlled system. This region contains the Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by Q） of the uncontrolled system as its proper subregion. The controlled system can exhibit Bautin bifurcation in P or its proper subregion provided the control gains are properly chosen. Particularly, we can control the appearance of Bautin bifurcation at any appointed point in the region P. Due to the relationship between Bantin bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, the control scheme thereby is also viable for controlling the creation and stability of the Hopf bifurcation. In the controller, there are two terms： a linear term and a nonlinear cubic term. We show that the former determines the location of the Hopf bifurcation while the latter regulates its criticality. We also carry out numerical studies, and the simulation results confirm our analyticai predictions.展开更多
In order to improve the reliability of an electronic or a computer system, redundant components always need to be added as part of the system. When an active component falls, a standby component will be activated to g...In order to improve the reliability of an electronic or a computer system, redundant components always need to be added as part of the system. When an active component falls, a standby component will be activated to guarantee the system in operation continuously. The standby component and the switching device have been usually assumed to be continuously functional duriv,g the setup of the reliability model. In fact, it is these two asstuxtptions that induce deviations during modeling and introduce variances for the system reliability design. Through modeling and optiming the dependability of the synchronous clock system that decomposed from a multi-node system, a new reliability model which takes these two elements into consideration has been developed. Simulation results demonstrate that the upgraded reliability model is closer Io the actual dependability of the real system. The capability of the system reliability design is also improved as a result.展开更多
The aim of this research is to study the impact of auditor reputation and audit opinion on earnings management in French banks. This article used a sample of 162 French banks over the period from 2005 to 2012. By usin...The aim of this research is to study the impact of auditor reputation and audit opinion on earnings management in French banks. This article used a sample of 162 French banks over the period from 2005 to 2012. By using three different tests （loss-avoidance, just-meeting-or-beating prior year＇s earnings, and abnormal loan loss provision）, the findings of this paper show that both high auditor reputation and qualified audit opinion constrain earnings management to avoid loss or to just meet or beat prior year＇s earnings in banks. In separate tests related to earnings management through abnormal loan loss provisions, the paper also finds that high auditor reputation constrains earnings management. Qualified audit opinion has a negative but non-significant effect on abnormal loan loss provisions.展开更多
Catch and effort data were analyzed to estimate the maximum sustainable yield （MSY） of King Soldier Bream, Argyrops spinifer （Forsskal, 1775, Family： Sparidae）, and to evaluate the present status of the fish stoc...Catch and effort data were analyzed to estimate the maximum sustainable yield （MSY） of King Soldier Bream, Argyrops spinifer （Forsskal, 1775, Family： Sparidae）, and to evaluate the present status of the fish stocks exploited in Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data for the 25-years period 1985-2009 were analyzed using two computer software packages, CEDA （catch and effort data analysis） and ASPIC （a surplus production model incorporating covariates）. The maximum catch of 3 458 t was observed in 1988 and the minimum catch of 1 324 t in 2005, while the average annual catch ofA. spinifer over the 25 years was 2 500 t. The surplus production models of Fox, Schaefer, and Pella Tomlinson under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma are in the CEDA package and the two surplus models of Fox and logistic are in the ASPIC package. In CEDA, the MSY was estimated by applying the initial proportion （IP） of 0.8, because the starting catch was approximately 80% of the maximum catch. Except for gamma, because gamma showed maximization failures, the estimated results of MSY using CEDA with the Fox surplus production model and two error assumptions, were 1 692.08 t （R^2=0.572） and 1 694.09 t （R^2=0.606）, respectively, and from the Schaefer and the Pella Tomlinson models with two error assumptions were 2 390.95 t （R^2=0.563）, and 2 380.06 t （R^2=0.605）, respectively. The MSY estimated by the Fox model was conservatively compared to the Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models. The MSY values from Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models were the same. The computed values of MSY using the ASPIC computer software program with the two surplus production models of Fox and logistic were 1 498 t （R^2=0.917）, and 2 488 t （R^2=0.897） respectively. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA were about 1 700-2 400 t and the values from ASPIC were 1 500-2 500 t. The estimates output by the CEDA and the ASPIC packages indicate that the stock is overfished, and needs some effective management to reduce the fishing effort of the species in Pakistani waters.展开更多
The U.S. Supreme Court gave the privately owned company Hobby Lobby the authority to deny healthcare coverage to its employees, a decision by a secular authority involving the owner＇s religious beliefs. In France, th...The U.S. Supreme Court gave the privately owned company Hobby Lobby the authority to deny healthcare coverage to its employees, a decision by a secular authority involving the owner＇s religious beliefs. In France, the first issue released by the secular magazine Charlie Hebdo after the terrorist attack depicted a religious figure declaring, ＂All is forgiven.＂ In each instance the boundaries between the ＂secular＂ and ＂religious＂ were transgressed. In the academic study of religion, an additional direction methodology needs to take involves the lens formed by academic concepts and categories as shaped by the historical development of the university＇s discourses and lines of inquiry. The university is an epistemological project and we look ＂out there＂ through concepts and categories formed ＂in here＂, inside of the history of ＂the university＂. It is another dimension to the problem of the insider/outsider. This paper will use the characteristics of interdisciplinarity to historicize how the university as an epistemological project has developed the concepts of ＂religion＂, the ＂secular＂, and the binary they form, in order to suggest directions for their use to interpret events in the 21 st century through the academic study of religion.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities and problems presented by the increasing availability of technologies which is capable of enhancing sporting performance and identifying the risks in sports for cr...The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities and problems presented by the increasing availability of technologies which is capable of enhancing sporting performance and identifying the risks in sports for creating educational and sports management practices to lead with justice, honesty, and beneficence. A questionnaire is developed to ascertain the social determinants and risks of health aspects of sports in a sample of professionals and amateurs. Descriptive and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The study identifies health risks connected with the intensive loading of locomotors system, poor working conditions which cause working trauma and diseases as well as low level of health culture regarding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth hormone, and supplements. There are arguments that the quality of sport education will be achieved by addressing the study of sports ethics coupled with a study of management and law.展开更多
文摘With the urgent shortage of forest resource in China, using agro-residues as raw materials of composite become increasingly important. Agro-residue is the most potential fiber resource, which is helpful to sustainable development of composite industries in China. Based on a great deal of researches, this paper summarized and discussed some problems in using agro-residues as raw materials of composites, including raw material preparation, hot-pressing, bonding technology, preventing composite from going moldy. It is proposed that to manufacture the composite of rice straws or wheat straws, the isocayante resin is a suitable adhesive, and the appropriate technologies, bonding, and treatment measures are also needed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21036005） and Scientific and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province （2011C33016）.
文摘Pestalotiopsis sp. J63, producing a high activity of laccase, is a new marine-derived fungus isolated from the oceanic sediment of the East China Sea. Since the marine environment is oligotrophic nutrient, marine derived fungi may use small amount of nutrients to grow and produce laccases. Agricultural residues that are mainly composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are difficult to be degraded and few microbes can take them as substrates, so they are considered as oligotrophic nutrient and have the potential to be used to produce value added products. In this study, the ability of Pestalotiopsis sp. J63 to use agricultural residues to produce laccases was tested in the submerged fermentation. The combination of 3 g·L 1maltose and 20 g·L 1rice straw was the best carbon sources and 8 g·L 1ammonium sulfate was the best nitrogen source under the condition without inducers. The effects of five inducers, the feeding time and concentration of inducer on laccase production were investigated.Adding 0.09 mmol·L 1phenol after 24 h of incubation led to high laccase activity(5089 U·L 1), while with 0.09mmol·L 1phenol in the medium and wheat bran as the nitrogen source, the laccase activity could reach 5791.7U·L 1. Native-PAGE results showed that two laccase isozymes were present in the cultures. One existed in both induced and non-induced culture filtrates, while the other was only found in the fermentation with the addition of phenol, guaiacol and veratryl alcohol.
文摘With the emergence of the new digital platforms, a diversified number of approaches and providers cannot damage too much a rather crowded info sphere. What may come as a general challenge is the ＂performance＂ amateurs who have the devices, the will but not the skills to become reliable communicators. Good training and an expanded concern for the accuracy of messages should distinguish between fact and fiction, and between information and opinion. The smart phone, the iPod, the lap top, or the tablet has expanded the means of communication. They have also diversified the types of messages circulated. The traditional main stream media outlets are facing a mounting competition from the social networks populated with the folk journalists, albeit, and non-professionals. Basic training of all those willing to come into the communication ring and regulations may concern not only the professionals but also the amateurs, and it may be ways to get over what seems to be a deadlock.
基金Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant No.60772023Li-Xia Duan wishes to acknowledge the support from NSFC under Grant No.10872014
文摘In this paper, we design a feedback controller, and analytically determine a control criterion so as to control the codimension-2 Bautin bifurcation in the chaotic Lfi system. According to the control criterion, we determine a potential Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by P） of the controlled system. This region contains the Bautin bifurcation region （denoted by Q） of the uncontrolled system as its proper subregion. The controlled system can exhibit Bautin bifurcation in P or its proper subregion provided the control gains are properly chosen. Particularly, we can control the appearance of Bautin bifurcation at any appointed point in the region P. Due to the relationship between Bantin bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation, the control scheme thereby is also viable for controlling the creation and stability of the Hopf bifurcation. In the controller, there are two terms： a linear term and a nonlinear cubic term. We show that the former determines the location of the Hopf bifurcation while the latter regulates its criticality. We also carry out numerical studies, and the simulation results confirm our analyticai predictions.
文摘In order to improve the reliability of an electronic or a computer system, redundant components always need to be added as part of the system. When an active component falls, a standby component will be activated to guarantee the system in operation continuously. The standby component and the switching device have been usually assumed to be continuously functional duriv,g the setup of the reliability model. In fact, it is these two asstuxtptions that induce deviations during modeling and introduce variances for the system reliability design. Through modeling and optiming the dependability of the synchronous clock system that decomposed from a multi-node system, a new reliability model which takes these two elements into consideration has been developed. Simulation results demonstrate that the upgraded reliability model is closer Io the actual dependability of the real system. The capability of the system reliability design is also improved as a result.
文摘The aim of this research is to study the impact of auditor reputation and audit opinion on earnings management in French banks. This article used a sample of 162 French banks over the period from 2005 to 2012. By using three different tests （loss-avoidance, just-meeting-or-beating prior year＇s earnings, and abnormal loan loss provision）, the findings of this paper show that both high auditor reputation and qualified audit opinion constrain earnings management to avoid loss or to just meet or beat prior year＇s earnings in banks. In separate tests related to earnings management through abnormal loan loss provisions, the paper also finds that high auditor reputation constrains earnings management. Qualified audit opinion has a negative but non-significant effect on abnormal loan loss provisions.
基金Supported by the Special Research Fund of Ocean University of China(No.201022001)
文摘Catch and effort data were analyzed to estimate the maximum sustainable yield （MSY） of King Soldier Bream, Argyrops spinifer （Forsskal, 1775, Family： Sparidae）, and to evaluate the present status of the fish stocks exploited in Pakistani waters. The catch and effort data for the 25-years period 1985-2009 were analyzed using two computer software packages, CEDA （catch and effort data analysis） and ASPIC （a surplus production model incorporating covariates）. The maximum catch of 3 458 t was observed in 1988 and the minimum catch of 1 324 t in 2005, while the average annual catch ofA. spinifer over the 25 years was 2 500 t. The surplus production models of Fox, Schaefer, and Pella Tomlinson under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma are in the CEDA package and the two surplus models of Fox and logistic are in the ASPIC package. In CEDA, the MSY was estimated by applying the initial proportion （IP） of 0.8, because the starting catch was approximately 80% of the maximum catch. Except for gamma, because gamma showed maximization failures, the estimated results of MSY using CEDA with the Fox surplus production model and two error assumptions, were 1 692.08 t （R^2=0.572） and 1 694.09 t （R^2=0.606）, respectively, and from the Schaefer and the Pella Tomlinson models with two error assumptions were 2 390.95 t （R^2=0.563）, and 2 380.06 t （R^2=0.605）, respectively. The MSY estimated by the Fox model was conservatively compared to the Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models. The MSY values from Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models were the same. The computed values of MSY using the ASPIC computer software program with the two surplus production models of Fox and logistic were 1 498 t （R^2=0.917）, and 2 488 t （R^2=0.897） respectively. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA were about 1 700-2 400 t and the values from ASPIC were 1 500-2 500 t. The estimates output by the CEDA and the ASPIC packages indicate that the stock is overfished, and needs some effective management to reduce the fishing effort of the species in Pakistani waters.
文摘The U.S. Supreme Court gave the privately owned company Hobby Lobby the authority to deny healthcare coverage to its employees, a decision by a secular authority involving the owner＇s religious beliefs. In France, the first issue released by the secular magazine Charlie Hebdo after the terrorist attack depicted a religious figure declaring, ＂All is forgiven.＂ In each instance the boundaries between the ＂secular＂ and ＂religious＂ were transgressed. In the academic study of religion, an additional direction methodology needs to take involves the lens formed by academic concepts and categories as shaped by the historical development of the university＇s discourses and lines of inquiry. The university is an epistemological project and we look ＂out there＂ through concepts and categories formed ＂in here＂, inside of the history of ＂the university＂. It is another dimension to the problem of the insider/outsider. This paper will use the characteristics of interdisciplinarity to historicize how the university as an epistemological project has developed the concepts of ＂religion＂, the ＂secular＂, and the binary they form, in order to suggest directions for their use to interpret events in the 21 st century through the academic study of religion.
文摘The aim of this paper is to examine the opportunities and problems presented by the increasing availability of technologies which is capable of enhancing sporting performance and identifying the risks in sports for creating educational and sports management practices to lead with justice, honesty, and beneficence. A questionnaire is developed to ascertain the social determinants and risks of health aspects of sports in a sample of professionals and amateurs. Descriptive and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The study identifies health risks connected with the intensive loading of locomotors system, poor working conditions which cause working trauma and diseases as well as low level of health culture regarding the effects of performance-enhancing drugs including anabolic steroids, stimulants, human growth hormone, and supplements. There are arguments that the quality of sport education will be achieved by addressing the study of sports ethics coupled with a study of management and law.
