Large amplitude internal solitary waves(ISWs) often exhibit highly nonlinear effects and may contribute significantly to mixing and energy transporting in the ocean.We observed highly nonlinear ISWs over the continent...Large amplitude internal solitary waves(ISWs) often exhibit highly nonlinear effects and may contribute significantly to mixing and energy transporting in the ocean.We observed highly nonlinear ISWs over the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea(19°35'N,112°E) in May 2005 during the Wenchang Internal Wave Experiment using in-situ time series data from an array of temperature and salinity sensors,and an acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP).We summarized the characteristics of the ISWs and compared them with those of existing internal wave theories.Particular attention has been paid to characterizing solitons in terms of the relationship between shape and amplitude-width.Comparison between theoretical prediction and observation results shows that the high nonlinearity of these waves is better represented by the second-order extended Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) theory than the first-order KdV model.These results indicate that the northwestern South China Sea(SCS) is rich in highly nonlinear ISWs that are an indispensable part of the energy budget of the internal waves in the northern South China Sea.展开更多
Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas （PSSA） is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the r...Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas （PSSA） is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the requirements of the appropriate legal instrument establishing such measure, must have been approved or adopted by IMO to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the threat or identified vulnerability. Information on each of the PSSA that has been designated by IMO is available on the nautical chart. The Vietnam＇s coastal zones and island is an isolated oceanic habitat of extremely rich marine life in very good condition which is important to the maintenance and dispersal of the marine life of the Western Tropical Pacific. Vietnam coastal areas are very high risk areas affected by maritime activities, particularly international shipping, therefore in the future identification of some PSSA is necessary.展开更多
The Paleogene coal accumulation basins of China are part of the global Tertiary coal-accumulated zone of the Pacific Rim located in the eastern coastal provinces and areas. Although the coal-bearing basins of the Chin...The Paleogene coal accumulation basins of China are part of the global Tertiary coal-accumulated zone of the Pacific Rim located in the eastern coastal provinces and areas. Although the coal-bearing basins of the China Sea area are faults and depressed basins, they come up in groups. The overall structures are suitable for the development of coal-bearing deposition. The continuity of basin groups are good, and the coal-bearing depositions are thick. For example, the coal-bearing deposi- tion is more than a kilometer thick at the Qiongdongnan Basin and Xihu Sag in the East China Sea, which the continental Pa- leogene coal basins cannot reach. Research shows that the coal accumulation basins in the sea area consist of many sags. There are two types of coal accumulation sags： half-graben sag and graben sag. In terms of water depth, coal accumulation sags can also be classified as deep-water half-graben sag and shallow-water half-graben sag; the graben sag is the deep-water sag. There are two distinct coal-accumulated zones in the basin： gentle slope and steep slope, with the gentle slope being the dominant one. The marshes of the supratidal zone and intertidal zone in a tidal flat system is favorable for the coal accumulation process widely taking place. There are two types of peat accumulation： autochthonous accumulation and allochthonous accumulation. Because of tectonic activities in the basins, allochthonous accumulations may be the more important form of coal-forming ac- tivities in the sea area. The very thick coal-bearing deposition in the sea area provides a rich material base for the assemblage of coal-related gas. Also, as a result of the deep burial depth, the degree of coal metamorphism is relatively high, so the coal-bearing strata become good hydrocarbon source rocks.展开更多
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX1-YW-12)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 program) (No.2008AA09A401,No.2006AA09A109)
文摘Large amplitude internal solitary waves(ISWs) often exhibit highly nonlinear effects and may contribute significantly to mixing and energy transporting in the ocean.We observed highly nonlinear ISWs over the continental shelf of the northwestern South China Sea(19°35'N,112°E) in May 2005 during the Wenchang Internal Wave Experiment using in-situ time series data from an array of temperature and salinity sensors,and an acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP).We summarized the characteristics of the ISWs and compared them with those of existing internal wave theories.Particular attention has been paid to characterizing solitons in terms of the relationship between shape and amplitude-width.Comparison between theoretical prediction and observation results shows that the high nonlinearity of these waves is better represented by the second-order extended Korteweg-de Vries(KdV) theory than the first-order KdV model.These results indicate that the northwestern South China Sea(SCS) is rich in highly nonlinear ISWs that are an indispensable part of the energy budget of the internal waves in the northern South China Sea.
文摘Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas （PSSA） is an important management tool for protection of marine biodiversity of a marine area. At the time of designation of PSSA, an associated protective measure, which meets the requirements of the appropriate legal instrument establishing such measure, must have been approved or adopted by IMO to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the threat or identified vulnerability. Information on each of the PSSA that has been designated by IMO is available on the nautical chart. The Vietnam＇s coastal zones and island is an isolated oceanic habitat of extremely rich marine life in very good condition which is important to the maintenance and dispersal of the marine life of the Western Tropical Pacific. Vietnam coastal areas are very high risk areas affected by maritime activities, particularly international shipping, therefore in the future identification of some PSSA is necessary.
基金Supported by the Major Research Project of the National Natural Science Foundation （40872100）
文摘The Paleogene coal accumulation basins of China are part of the global Tertiary coal-accumulated zone of the Pacific Rim located in the eastern coastal provinces and areas. Although the coal-bearing basins of the China Sea area are faults and depressed basins, they come up in groups. The overall structures are suitable for the development of coal-bearing deposition. The continuity of basin groups are good, and the coal-bearing depositions are thick. For example, the coal-bearing deposi- tion is more than a kilometer thick at the Qiongdongnan Basin and Xihu Sag in the East China Sea, which the continental Pa- leogene coal basins cannot reach. Research shows that the coal accumulation basins in the sea area consist of many sags. There are two types of coal accumulation sags： half-graben sag and graben sag. In terms of water depth, coal accumulation sags can also be classified as deep-water half-graben sag and shallow-water half-graben sag; the graben sag is the deep-water sag. There are two distinct coal-accumulated zones in the basin： gentle slope and steep slope, with the gentle slope being the dominant one. The marshes of the supratidal zone and intertidal zone in a tidal flat system is favorable for the coal accumulation process widely taking place. There are two types of peat accumulation： autochthonous accumulation and allochthonous accumulation. Because of tectonic activities in the basins, allochthonous accumulations may be the more important form of coal-forming ac- tivities in the sea area. The very thick coal-bearing deposition in the sea area provides a rich material base for the assemblage of coal-related gas. Also, as a result of the deep burial depth, the degree of coal metamorphism is relatively high, so the coal-bearing strata become good hydrocarbon source rocks.
