哈萨克斯坦与中国的区域经济合作:“光明之路”新经济政策和“丝绸之路经济带”

哈萨克斯坦总统纳扎尔巴耶夫提出的"光明之路"新经济政策是中国国家主席习近平倡议的"丝绸之路经济带"构想的重要补充和对接。"光明之路"的核心是加强交通基础设施建设,促进本国经济发展和创造新的就业岗位。哈萨克斯坦在"丝绸之路经济带"框架内既拥有明显的优势,也存在一定的制约因素。本文提出了哈萨克斯坦经济发展的中期任务是:建设国家交通基础设施并对外互联互通;培养本国具有国际水准的物流运输调度人员;激活国家过境运输潜力。

丝绸检测技术国际研讨会顺利召开

10月29日．由浙江检验检疫局承办的丝绸检测技术国际研讨会在杭州和平国际会议中心顺利召开．会议邀请了法国、意大利、瑞士、日本。

“苏派”职教之我见

这次有幸参加第六届'苏派职教'高层论坛,很受启发,很有收获。打出'苏派'的旗帜,充分显示了江苏同仁们敢为人先的精气、职教改革的底气和干事创业的大气。一、苏派职教高层论坛的举办具有'工匠'精神'工匠精神'表现为两点:责任感和精致性。在责任感方面,江苏省敢于担当。

Climate Comfort Analysis of the East Section of Silk Road

Based on the meteorological data of 12 weather stations in the east section of silk road from 1971 to 2005, such as average monthly temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration, its climatic tourism comfort was analyzed by adopting temperature-humidity index, wind-chill index and index of cloth. The results showed that the most comfortable month for travelling in this region is May and September. From east to west, the climatic comfort of such a section is decreasing. The most suitable tourism season is summer, followed by autumn and spring, the least suitable season is winter.

Adamantiades-Behcet's disease-complicated gastroenteropathy

Adamantiades-Behcet's disease (ABD) is a chronic,relapsing,systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology.It is more prevalent in populations along the ancient Silk Road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin,and most frequently affects young adults between the second and fourth decades of life.ABD-complicated gastroenteropathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality,with abdominal pain as the most common symptom.The ileocecal region is affected predominantly,with ulcerations that may lead to penetration and/or perforation,whereas other parts of the gastrointestinal system including the esophagus and stomach can also be affected.Endoscopy is useful to locate the site and extent of the lesions,and tissue biopsy is often warranted to examine the histopathology that is often suggestive of underlying vasculitis of small veins/venules or,alternatively in some cases,nonspecific inflammation.Bowel wall thickening is the most common finding on computed tomography scan.Treatment is largely empirical since well-controlled studies are difficult to conduct due to the heterogeneity of the disease,and the unpredictable course with exacerbation and remission.Corticosteroids with or without other immunosuppressive drugs,such as cyclophosphamide,azathioprine,sulfasalazine,tumor necrosis factor α antagonist or thalidomide should be applied before surgery,except in emergency.

When and how will the Millennium Silk Road witness 1.5 °C and 2 °C warmer worlds?

Western China and central Asia are positioned centrally along the Millennium Silk Road,which is regarded as a core region bridging the East and the West.Understanding the potential changes in climate over this core region is important to the successful implementation of the so-called＇Belt and Road Initiative＇（a $1 trillion regional investment in infrastructure）.In this study,both mean and extreme climate changes are projected using the ensemble mean of CMIP5 models.The results show a warming of ～1.5,2.9,3.6,and 6.0 ℃ under RCP2.6,4.5,6.0,and 8.5,respectively,by the end of the twenty-first century,with respect to the 1986-2005 baseline period.Meanwhile,the annual mean precipitation amount increases consistently across all RCPs,with an increase by ～14% with respect to 1986-2005 under RCP8.5.The warming over the Millennium Silk Road region reaches 1.5 ℃ before 2020 under all the emission scenarios.The 2020s （2030s） see a 2 ℃ warming under the RCP8.5 （RCP4.5） scenario.Global warming that is 0.5 ℃ lower （i.e.a warming of 1.5 ℃） could result in the avoidance of otherwise significant impacts in the Silk Road core region-specifically,a further warming of 0.73 ℃ （with an interquartile range of 0.49%-0.94 ℃） and an increase in the number of extreme heat days by 4.2,at a cost of a reduced increase of 2.72% （0.47%-3.82%） in annual precipitation.The change in consecutive dry days is region-dependent

Comparison between the interannual and decadal components of the Silk Road pattern

The Silk Road pattern（SRP）, which is a teleconnection pattern along the Asian upper-tropospheric westerly jet in summer, exhibits both interannual and decadal variabilities. Through the nineyear Gaussian filtering method and regression analyses, this study compares the interannual and decadal components of the SRP. The results indicate that the interannual SRP corresponds to a well-organized wave train of alternate cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies across the Eurasian continent along the Asian westerly jet, resulting in a similar wave-like pattern of cold and warm surface temperature anomalies. This pattern of temperature anomalies differs from that associated with the original SRP, which is characterized by warmer or cooler temperatures mainly over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia, depending on the phase of the SRP. On the other hand, the decadal SRP shows a similar pattern to the interannual one from Europe to Central Asia, but the meridional wind anomalies tend to be weak over East Asia. These circulation anomalies are responsible for the significant temperature anomalies over Europe–West Asia and Northeast Asia but weak anomalies between these two domains.

Bridging Civilizations From Asia to Europe： The Silk Road

Throughout history, Silk Road played an important role with connecting more than 50 countries between its endpoints. Reviving this ancient trade route is a contemporary discussion among politicians. There are many projects realized and proposed for the resurgence of the modem Silk Road, including the railroad project connecting Baku, Tiflis and Kars of Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkey; the undersea rail tunnel under the Bosphorus strait, Marmaray; the Silk Road Economic Belt proposed by China; and the Maritime Silk Road, again proposed by China. Just like the original Silk Road, it was not only a route for caravans or trade, but it was a meeting point for cultural, religious, and philosophical exchanges that served humanity for centuries; today＇s modem Silk Road initiatives should be considered as bridges between Eastern and Western civilizations that will serve the same purpose of its ancient predecessor. The revived Silk Road will facilitate strengthening of relationships in between countries that experienced harmony in history. The railways, transportation facilities, transnational gates, energy corridors, and natural gas pipelines that constitute the Silk Road will transform the region with improving its economy and bringing peace and economic prosperity. With recent developments, it witnesses the importance of geopolitical and historical ties in establishing contemporary alliances. Although there are great expectations with the revival of the modern Silk Road, authors would like to emphasize that it should be an agreement to foster shared interests rather than the interest of bigger partners.

Geotop of Lut Playa： Quaternary Geomorphologic Evidence and Civilization

The cultural and geomorphological heritages in Playas as a key address to find out past fluctuations called geotop. Iran is strategically located on an important trade route （Silk Road） between four cradles of civilization namely, Babylon, Mesopotamia, Indus and Yangtze （Chinese）. Iran is grafting point of four human civilizations which creates Persian civilization about 4,000 years ago. The Lut Desert and Dasht-e Kavir located the central and eastern Iran have been focal points for human settlements since 7,000 years ago. The geoarcheological findings on the Siyalk hills of Kashan located in the Dasht-e Kavir and Jiroft region located in the Lut desert are confirmations for human settlement since more than 7,000 years ago. Shorehzar that is a Persian equivalent word for Arabic word of Sabkha is considered as a Playa geomorphic type which involves precious evidences of quaternary fluctuations. In this article, geomorphological and paleoenvironmental investigations are integrated to provide a framework of environmental change for the late Pleistocene and early-mid Holocene periods in the main deserts of Iran, Lut. In this article based on main geotops of Lut, the quaternary evolutions have been discussed. The investigations are showing that Playas were bed of civilization in Iran Deserts.

Australia's Synergy with the“21st Century Maritime Silk Road”Initiative and Its Prospect

Australia's development and infrastructure plans have synergy with China's 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road initiative, and their political, economic, trade, financial and civil exchanges have deepened bilaterally. However, as the synergy of the development strategies meets challenges, China should stick to the principle of opening-up and inclusiveness to cope with the ups and downs coming up in the ChinaAustralia relationship so as to ensure Australia can contribute positively to the initiative.

The New Challenges on the Silk Road

In his book Out of Control, Brzezinski speaks about a vacuum in Eurasia, with important geopolitical consequences. Which are the new challenges and risks on the Silk Road in the time of globalization, radicalization, and freedom of movement？ The paper will stress three challenges： the project ＂Economic zone on the Silk Road＂ （the leadership in economic performance is held by China and therefore the eastern political cultures have the necessary economic basis for asserting their independence）, the influence of ETIM and IMU on the region and the role and place of Xinjiang, as a bridge between Central and South Asia; how they reflected on this way of old traditions and cultures and whether there is a ＂clash＂ between the Eastern religions on the ＂Silk Road＂ and Islam with its multi dimensions, between the thick black chador and the silk veil, called ＂tissue of wind＂, between spiritual, transcendental cognition （Daoism） and pragmatic mundane faith of Islam. I will conclude that the new challenges on the Silk Road create new borders between people--religious, linguistic, ethnical, and new identities. The main question is as follows： Shall we keep the cultural plurality and authenticity of the region？

The Nomocracy Pursuit of ＂the Maritime Silk Road＂--On Legal Guarantee of State＇s Marine Rights and Interests

＂The Maritime Silk Road＂, part of China＇s maritime power strategy, will safeguard the realization of ＂Chinese Dream＂. ＂The Maritime Silk Road＂ needs desperately legal guarantee of State＇s marine rights and interest. The primary target of this paper is to put forward several suggestions on the legal guarantee of maritime rights protection based on analyzing the present situation of China legal system.

China-Russia-India The BRICS Countries in Eurasia Are the Key Factors in the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt

China is the starting point and pioneer and driver of the Silk Road Economic Belt; Russia is located in the throat place of the belt; and India is at the joint of the belt and the Maritime Silk Road. China, Russia, and India as the BRICS countries are geo-connected, easy to reach a consensus because of their common and similar interests. The three countries also have common inherent demands and strategic directions： connectivity, complementarity, taking advantage of the great powers of Eurasia and sea-land compound, moving toward the grand trend of modern international economy and technology development. Promoting the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt accords with their respective interests, and is their common interests, which decide that China, Russia, and India are the key factors and dominant forces in the construction of the belt.

The ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ and the ＂China Dream＂ Relationship： A Strategy or Tactic

The ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ and the ＂China Dream＂ are tightly linked together rather than isolated from each other. The essence of the construction of the ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ is to give equal considerations to both the East and the West, paying equal attentions to the North and the South, while balancing the land and the sea and connecting domestic with foreign. This is the innovation and priority of China＇s peripheral diplomacy as well as a strategic support and tactical guarantee of the ＂China Dream＂. The ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ is constructed to make history serve reality; it exchanges economy for politics, space on land for time at sea, and balances a weakness in sea power with superiority in land power. Instead of simply replicating the Silk Road, the ＂Silk Road Economic Belt＂ possesses a broader realm and a richer context. Moreover, this is China＇s ultimate strategy and profound tactical conception facing toward the future.

Progress in Foreign Cooperation of China's Oil Industry

In 2015, China＇s oil companies＇ overseas equity oil has grown steadily to approximately 150 million tonnes. State-owned oil majors have turned from scale-oriented to profit-oriented by adjusting investment speed and optimizing portfolio to improve operating profit of overseas business. The overseas investment of private oil companies mainly focused on two fields： the first is to invest in countries along the Belt and Road （the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road）, and the second is to enter the oil industry of the developed countries by M＆A. Limited progress has been made in ＆e foreign cooperation of domestic upstream sector, while new changes emerged in the foreign cooperation of upstream sector. Some planned projects were postponed or delayed due to domestic or international market changes. Private oil companies, however, began to cooperate with foreign companies in the downstream sector after the former got the right to import crude oil.

A Study on English Teaching for Postgraduates Under the Background of＂the Silk Road Culture＂

When visiting Kazakhstan,President Xi Jinping proposed the strategic project to build the＂ Silk Road economic zone＂ . Under this background,the study of postgraduate students＇ English teaching is very important.This paper analyzes the historical status of the Silk Road,the significance of culture teaching of Silk Road countries,presents the study of the main elements and its implementation approaches of the Silk Road culture teaching in postgraduate students＇ English class,with the purpose of making more educators to participate in the＂ Silk Road economic zone＂ construction.

Path Selection of Xi＇an Free Trade Area Construction under the Strategy of Silk Road Economic Belt

From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-trade area, taking regional core city as center, is economy transformation means under new normal economic environment, and new clues to improve the level of reform and opening. The establishments of free trade Area in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian provided references for establishing a free trade area of xi ＇ an under the background of the silk road economic belt construction. This article firstly analyzes the present domestic and foreign research situation and development trend; and then put forward the necessity of building Xi＇ an free trade area. Then discusses the Xi＇ an Silk Road economic belt free trade area construction strategy. Finally, in combination with the practical situation of Xi＇ an, it proposes path selection of Xi＇ an free trade area construction under the strategy of Silk Road economic belt.

Research on Cooperation Mechanism of Guang Xi and ASEAN Under the 21st Century Marine Silk Road Strategy

In 2013 October, president Xi Jinping put forward China is willing to develop good marine partnership with ASEAN countries in twenty-first Century and will jointly build ＂marine silk road＂ on a visit to the ASEAN countries. In the aspect of marine tourism, Guangxi and ASEAN cooperation has a solid foundation. This paper first gives the concept of the Marine Silk Road, and then analyzes the Guangxi and ASEAN tourism cooperation mechanism of the line, implementation steps and conditions under the 21 century Marine Silk Road strategy in order to provide reference for the related workers.

Xu-Shi Yin’e:Friendship Envoy of the Maritime Silk Road

IN the coming years,construction of China＇s＂Belt and Road＂Initiatives,proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping during his2013 tour of Central Asia,will proceed at full throttle.The aim is to revive the historic trade route;but in fact,the bond of the Silk Road was never really broken.Traces left by merchants from past centuries still remain in several places in China to this day.

“Assahlahmu Alaykum...”

Lured by the exoticism of frontier towns and an untouched market, enterprising foreigners head west on China’s Silk Road.