“中国逻辑”的建构问题

本文主要从诠释的观点来看"中国逻辑"这门学科,"中国逻辑"既然是对中国思想文献的一种诠释,这样的诠释是否与其所诠释的对象原意相符,涉及了逻辑思想是否原本就属于中国思想的一个特征的问题。本文对上述问题的处理主要分为三个部分:第一部分说明"中国逻辑"的意涵,第二部分尝试对"中国逻辑"与西方逻辑的关系进行辨析,第三部分重新思考了中国思想文献去除了其所获得的逻辑诠释,是否还能有逻辑意涵的可能性。

沈有鼎对“中国古代逻辑”的认识及意义

关于“中国古代逻辑”的争论,在中国逻辑学界由来已久。沈有鼎对学界关于“逻辑是研究‘形式的、必然的’推理的学科”“中国古代有辩论而无逻辑”“中国古代有逻辑思想而没有逻辑学”“中国有逻辑学是研究心态和研究方法的双重失误导致歪曲和过度诠释的结论”“中国古代逻辑没有抽象的研究推理的方式”“中国古代的推理模式缺乏形式有效性”“逻辑应当没有阶级性”等7个讨论较为集中的问题提出了自己的看法,同时对于中国古代是否有逻辑思想或逻辑学,以及“中国古代逻辑”所属范畴和阶段等问题也有明确的观点,并结合中国先秦时期政治、语言等特点,对必然性推理与或然性推理、形式化、抽象化与求得正确推理之间的关系等关键性问题进行了深入思考。在此基础上,他提出了一套更为严格的“有效性”标准。

Co-seismic Landslide Inventory and Susceptibility Mapping in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster Area,China

The Ms 8.0 May 12,2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides.The widespread landslides have caused serious casualties and property losses,and posed a great threat to post-earthquake reconstruction.A spatial database,inventoried 43,842 landslides with a total area of 632 km 2,was developed by interpretation of multi-resolution remote sensing images.The landslides can be classified into three categories:swallow,disrupted slides and falls;deep-seated slides and falls,and rock avalanches.The correlation between landslides distribution and the influencing parameters including distance from co-seismic fault,lithology,slope gradient,elevation,peak ground acceleration(PGA) and distance from drainage were analyzed.The distance from co-seismic fault was the most significant parameter followed by slope gradient and PGA was the least significant one.A logistic regression model combined with bivariate statistical analysis(BSA) was adopted for landslide susceptibility mapping.The study area was classified into five categories of landslide susceptibility:very low,low,medium,high and very high.92.0% of the study area belongs to low and very low categories with corresponding 9.0% of the total inventoried landslides.Medium susceptible zones make up 4.2% of the area with 17.7% of the total landslides.The rest of the area was classified into high and very high categories,which makes up 3.9% of the area with corresponding 73.3% of the total landslides.Although the susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future landslides and debris flows,and it is helpful for the rebuilding process and future zoning issues.

Tuo Shan Yan Dam and City Ningbo： Exploring the Historical Logic of Urban Water Management through a Big City of China

Tuo Shan Yan Dam is a small darn which was built above Yinjiang River at the Yinjiang Town, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province of China in 833 AD, but it is greatly contributed to Ningbo City, a current big port city of China. The dam and the matched system had become a key hydro-infrastructure to the city＇s existence and development, and irrigation of the countryside nearby the city from ninth century up to 1987, a big dam was built at upper reach to control water of the river. Tuo Shan Yan Dam functioned an important role in the local water management and met a series of purposes perfectly, mainly as： （a） regulation of the river water; （b） save the flood; （c） stop the salinization; （d） urban water supply; （e） storage of flesh water; （f） irrigation; （g） ship transportation. And it is a miracle that it has been functioned for more than one thousand years. This dam also influenced the local social life and people＇s spiritual world simultaneously. The construction of the dam and its matched hydro-system is in line with the Chinese ancient logic of urban water management to manage river to meet a multi-proposes of urban development by a key project and a systemic engineering design. It is an important case for better understanding of ancient Chinese urban water management and to learn from the history for current water sustainability. Accordingly, the dam＇s design, construction and its influence on the local societies are studied in this article.

Logic and Trends behind Chinese Bovernment Reform

From the perspective of public administration, China＇s government re tbrm coincides with China＇s 30 years of reform and opening-up. Therefore, government reform, in particular central government reform, provides us another perspective to look at the past 30 years of reform and opening-up. Although China＇s central government has gone through six rounds of reform over the past three decades, goverument reforms still face major challenges. Approached from the relationship between the transformation of the social order and government reform, this paper tries to understand the basic logic behind China＇s government reform. By reviewing the history of institutional reform and analyzing current restrictions that confront China＇s government reform, this paper points out the trends of China＇s government reform. In this paper, the authors try to study the micro and macro motivations of China＇s governmental reform by using public choice theory, and briefly comment on the ＂super ministry system.＂ .

The Mission and Value of Industry——Theoretical Logic of Industrial Transformation and Upgrading in China

China is currently in a critical stage of industrial transformation, the key to which is the transformation of the manufacturing industry. Research on industrial transformation is essentially an exploration of the origin of industry and the values of industrial development. Industry offers the impetus for human development and contributes to social welfare. Industrial transformation is a simultaneous representation of the innovative and revolutionary nature of industry. Currently, industrialization is far from being complete in China and most regions of China have yet to develop a strong social foundation of modern industrial civilization. China still has large gaps with the standards of developed industrial powers. In addition to the lack of a solid industrial, technological foundation, China＇s industrial transformation and upgrade are confronted by the negative inclination towards excessive ＂instrumental rationalism＂. An obsession with speed, quantity, capital appreciation, and the single-minded pursuit of profitability have constrained the real values of industry. China＇ s current industrial transformation essentially requires a readjustment of the relationship between instrumental utility and real values and calls for a release of the innovative capabilities of industry. Currently, one of the most imperative, strategic tasks for China is to continue strengthening its industry. In-depth integration between industrialization and IT application will bring China＇ s industrial civilization to a new level.

The New Normal from the Perspective of Macro History and Grand Logic of China's Economic Development

This paper attempts to explain the "new normal" of China's economic development put forward by XI Jinping, the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, from three perspectives. First, as the new normal is a natural phase of long-term development in the country's renaissance, recognition of it helps policy-making to hold a historical perspective and maintain a patience in the face of growth slowdown. Second, the new normal as the logic of China's economic development underlines the necessity and urgency of transforming growth patterns and growth drivers. Third, different from the "new mediocre" of the world economy, the new normal reveals great potentials of sustainable growth of the Chinese economy that must be tapped through structural reforms.

Multidimensional Utopia： Chinese Logic of the Future Imagination of the Three-body Problem

The greatest charm of science fiction is not the artistic imagination, but the scientific imagination.Liu Cixin＇s the Three-body Problem as a Chinese science fiction novel, reflected Chinese writer how to think science and technology and its possible future of mankind＇s imagination. This novel contained ＂Deconstruction＂ Utopia, ＂Transcendence＂ dystopia and ＂Composited＂ Heterotopias, Which fully demonstrated singularity politics＇s great ideological tension between post modernity thinking of in this or that and typical Chinese style doctrine and dialectics.

Urban Expansion and Spatiotemporal Relationships with Driving Factors Revealed by Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression

Urbanization improves our lives but also threatens human health and sustainable development. Revealing the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion and spatiotemporal relationships with driving forces, especially in terms of the ubiquitous and fast growing small city, is a crucial prerequisite to solving these problems and realizing sustainable development. Kunshan, China was used as a case study here. Eleven variables from four aspects covering physical, socioeconomic, accessibility and neighborhood were selected, and logistic regression and geographically weighted logistic regression modeling were employed to explore spatiotemporal relationships from 1991-2014. Results reveal that urban expansion in Kunshan shows an accelerating tendency with annual expansion from 2000-2014 four times higher than for 1991-2000. More importantly, the annual expansion rate of Kunshan of 28.42% in 2000-2014 is higher than that of a large city. Urban expansion and related factors have spatiotemporal varying relationships. From a global perspective, the closer to a city, town, main road and the higher the GDP, the more likely a region will undergo urbanization. Interestingly, the effect of population on urban expansion is decreasing, especially in developed areas, and the effect of distance to lake is enhanced. From a local perspective, the magnitude and even the sign of the coefficients vary across the study area. However, the range of the coefficient of GWLR is around that of the corresponding variable in LR, and the sign of most variables in GWLR is consistent with that of corresponding variables in LR. GWLR surpasses LR with the same explanatory variables in revealing regional differences and improving model reliability. Based on these findings, more attention should be given to small cities in China. Promoting the connotation of city culture and public services to realize New-type Urbanization and regional diversity policy in order to manage urban expansion scientifically are also recommended.

Logical thinking in pattern differentiation of Traditional Chinese Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application of logic to pattern differentiation for treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). METHODS: Comparing logic reasoning of syllogism with the logical thinking ofTCM pattern differentiation for treatment. RESULTS:TCM logical thinking depends on symbolic and intuitive judgment with abstractive reasoning integrated into the process. Although it lacks quantitative measurement, it pays great attention to the comprehensive analysis of a disease's cause and its development patterns to get insight into the essence of illness. CONCLUSION: TCM diagnosis reasoning methodmay lack rigorousness, continuity, systematic induction and deduction, but its logical thinking still can attain its goal following a process with rigorous, regulated and scientific formal logic.

The Logic of Contingency in China＇s Insistence on the Non-interference Principle

China＇s insistence on the non-interference principle has been increasingly inconsistent. While China＇s concern with sovereignty, regime security, and legitimacy, as well as its developing country identity, have pushed it to continue its insistence on the principle of non-interference, China＇s further adaptation to the international system, increasing engagement in intemational institutions, and new identity as a responsible power have led China to drag its feet on the same principle. To reconcile these competing forces, China has to make concessions, namely, setting preconditions to legitimize intervention, designing a sovereignty-first solution, and/or complementing the non-interference principle with alternative principles. China＇s application of the non-interference principle has thus been made contingent. It is more inflexible at one end of a spectrum and more flexible at the other end, with China＇s foreign policies shifting back and forth between them.

Injustice in Primitive Accumulation and Its Linearity： China＇s Alternative Path

Primitive accumulation refers to during industrialization. This article argues that the early phase of development this Marxist concept implicates a deeper notion of injustice, which contains logic of linearity that can be further dissected into a trichotomous part worthy of our discussion, namely, temporal ordering, harsh treatment, and inhumane consequences. This ＂linearity＂ as assumed in this concept, nevertheless, was not unchallenged in history. As a matter of fact, in Mao＇s era, China deliberately sought an alternative path to the capitalist mode by attending to social welfare, physical well-being and rights protection for workers. This part of history is well worth re-investigation and re-interpretation.