“中学化学”学生自主学习能力的培养和提升探讨

“中学化学”是化学科学中的一门基础学科,是中学生化学学习入门阶段的课程。学生的自主学习能力对“中学化学”课程教学的整体效果有很大的影响,因此,通过多种方式提升学生对化学课程的兴趣、增强学生学习的自主性成为化学教学中十分重要的内容。分析了“中学化学”以及学生学习化学知识的特点,从利用化学实验提升课堂的趣味性、深入浅出地讲解化学基础知识、将化学知识与生活实践相结合等方面阐述了提升学生自主学习能力的方法和策略。

录像观摩在“中学化学教学论”教学中的作用

录像观摩在中学化学教学论教学中是训练学生化学教学技能不可缺少的一环 ,同时它还可以加深学生对化学教学原理和方法的认识。教师应开动脑筋 ,想方设法丰富录像资料 。

《结构化学》简介

《结构化学》是由中国科学院主管,中国化学会、中国科学院福建物质结构研究所主办的学术性期刊。1982年由我国著名化学家卢嘉锡院士创办并担任主编,现任主编是著名化学家吴新涛院士。《结构化学》主要报道晶体学,量子化学,药物、材料和催化剂等领域物质性能与结构关系的文章。报道的内容涉及有机化学、无机化学、合成化学、结构化学、材料科学、药物化学、晶体学、理论化学等学科中的微观物质结构与性能关系的研究成果或阶段性成果。与此同时本刊也报道用谱学等物理方法解析物质结构、阐述物质结构与性能关系的论文。

Ecological stoichiometry of nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur in China's forests

Much attention has been paid to the stoichiometry of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) because of their significance for plant growth and climate change. However, other nutrients, such as sulfur(S), are often ignored. In this study, we analyzed the stoichiometry of N, P, and S in leaves of 348 plant species in China's forests. The results show higher N content and higher molar ratios of N/P and P/S in Angiospermae than in Gymnospermae. At the family level, Ulmaceae absorbed more N and P from soils than other families, and Cupressaceae absorbed more S than other families. In addition,except for bamboo and other tropical forests, leaf N and P content of China's forests generally increased from low to middle latitudes and then slightly decreased or plateaued at high latitudes. Plant ecotypes, taxonomic groups, environmental conditions, atmospheric S precipitation, and soil-available N and P significantly affected the distribution and stoichiometry of leaf N, P, and S in China's forests.Our study indicates that China's forests are likely limited by P and S deficiencies which may increase in the future.

A New Cyclic Bisdesmoside from Tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum

The structure of tubeimoside V (1), a new cyclic bisdesmoside, isolated from tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Tu Bei Mu), was established by means of 2D NMR spectral and chemical methods. Compound 1 has inter-saccharide chain bridging by a dicrotalic acid to form a unique macrocyclic structure.

Characterization of Mediterranean Magnetotactic Bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria are a diverse group of motile prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in aquatic habitats and cosmopolitan in distribution. In this study, we collected magnetotactic bacteria from the Mediterranean Sea. A remarkable diversity of morphotypes was observed, including multicellular types that seemed to differ from those previously found in North and South America. Another interesting organism was one with magnetosomes arranged in a six-stranded bundle which occupied one third of the cell width. The magnetosome bundle was evident even under optic microscopy. These cells were connected together and swam as a linear entire unit. Magnetosomes did not always align up to form a straight linear chain. A chain composed of rectangle magnetosomes bent at a posi- tion with an oval crystal. High resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis of the crystal at the pivotal position suggested uncompleted formation of the crystal. This is the first report of Mediterranean magnetotactic bacteria, which should be useful for studies of biogeochemical cycling and geohistory of the Mediterranean Sea.

A Brief Analysis of Culture Aphasia in Higher English Teaching in China

Culture is a result of the accumulation of human society; language is the important carrier of culture. Infiltration of Western culture and the widely use of English seriously hinder the globalization of the Chinese culture and it results in ＂cultural aphasia＂ phenomenon. After having studied foreign language for several years, many foreign language learners still cannot express Chinese traditional culture correctly in international communication. This is mainly due to the neglect of Chinese culture in the process of foreign language teaching. With the development of globalization, the communication between different cultures has become more and more frequent It is necessary to pay more attention to the output of native language culture as well as the input of target language culture. As the main places of cultivating high-level talents in China, colleges and universities are focusing on how to change this phenomenon in the foreign language teaching reform. This paper begins with the introduction of ＂cultural aphasia＂ phenomenon in China, then analyzes the reasons, finally proposes suggestions and teaching strategies to overcome the culture aphasia in cross-cultural communication.

Petrography,geochemistry and provenance of the sediments of the Early Cretaceous Yanguoxia Formation,Lanzhou-Minhe Basin,Northwest China

Lanzhou-Minhe Basin is situated on the middle Qilian orogenic belt. Yanguoxia Formation contains abundance of maroon siltstones, mudstones and red sandstones of the lake facies. These sedimentary rocks recorded the process of the tectonic uplift of Qilian Mountains during the Early Cretaceous. We discovered plentiful dinosaur footprints, worm burrows, bird footprints, worm tracks-trails, ripple marks and cross lamination in the Yanguoxia site. Integrated petrographic studies classified sandstones of Yanguoxia Formation as feldspathic litharenite. All plots in the QFL(Q or Qt, total quartz; F, feldspar; L, lithic grains) and Qm FLt(Qm, monocrystalline quartz; Lt, lithic grains plus polycrystalline quartz) diagrams fall in the recycled orogen provenance field and quartzose recycled field, respectively, implying the source occurred the tectonic activity. Furthermore, geochemical study indicates that the Yanguoxia standstone was formed in an unstable continental setting due to the northwards movement of Indian Plate triggered the collision between the Qilian fold belt and the Qinlingfold belt. These sediments were derived from a mixed source and then deposited in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin. Most of the felsic components were derived from the granitoid rocks of the Qilian Mountains due to the rapid and intense uplift during the Early Cretaceous while the mafic components were contributed by the basic and ultrabasic rocks of the rapidly rising ophiolite in the Qilian Mountain area. Bivariant log-log plot of Qp/(F+L)(Qp, polycrystalline quartz) against Q/(F+L) shows that Yanguoxia Formation was deposited in the semihumid and semi-arid. Moreover, the pollen also exhibits that the environmental condition during the deposition of Yanguoxia Formation was warm and wet, which affirm such environment was benefit to dinosaur survival. Geochemical study also infers that the Yanguoxia Formation was deposited under the oxidizing condition in a shallow marine environment. The minerals identified from the X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis of shale and siltstone samples are 4.74%-33.53% clays, 23.45%-41.70% carbonates and 33.99%-71.81% quartz, respectively, which infer that depositional conditions remained uniform during the formation of shales or siltstones of Yanguoxia Formation.

Applications of Chemical Learning Evaluation Based on Bloom＇s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives

In this paper, Law of Conservation of Mass （＂The Law＂）, one content standard of junior middle school chemistry, was decomposed based on The Revision of Bloom＇s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives （＂The Revision＂） and placed in the classification table. In order to understand the teaching objectives more, the relationship between the related activities was studied. Teachers can design the teaching plans based on teaching objective, and determine different evaluations method according to different types of teaching objectives. It will raise students more cognitive activities and promote targeted objectives teaching.

A Study of Localization of Task-Based Language Teaching in China

In view of a series of challenges since Task-Based Language Teaching(TBLT) was introduced into China, we interviewed 14 front-line teachers in primary and secondary schools about their viewpoints and classroom strategies of TBLT. The results show teachers’ willingness to use TBLT. They adopt flexible teaching procedures, apply TBLT creatively, and explore task-based language assessment. The authors argue for inclusive non-doctrinaire approaches to TBLT, and propose to construct localized TBLT theory and practice with Chinese characteristics.

Geoengineering: Basic science and ongoing research efforts in China

Geoengineering （also called climate engineering）, which refers to large-scale intervention in the Earth＇s climate system to counteract greenhouse gas-induced warming, has been one of the most rapidly growing areas of climate research as a potential option for tackling global warming. Here, we provide an overview of the scientific background and research progress of proposed geoengineering schemes. Geo- engineering can be broadly divided into two categories： solar geoengineering （also called solar radiation management, or SRM）, which aims to reflect more sunlight to space, and carbon dioxide removal （CDR）, which aims to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere. First, we review different proposed geoengineering methods involved in the solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal schemes. Then, we discuss the fundamental science underlying the climate response to the carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management schemes. We focus on two basic issues： 1） climate response to the reduction in solar irradiance and 2） climate response to the reduction in atmospheric COe. Next, we introduce an ongoing geoengineering research project in China that is supported by National Key Basic Research Program. This research project, being the first coordinated geoengineering research program in China, will systematically investigate the physical mechanisms, climate impacts, and risk and governance of a few targeted geoengineering schemes. It is expected that this research program will help us gain a deep understanding of the physical science underlying geoengineering schemes and the impacts of geoengineering on global climate, in particular, on the Asia monsoon region.

Geochronology,geochemistry and geodynamics implications of Middle Triassic garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranite in central Jilin Province

Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology and geochemical analyses are undertaken for the garnet-bear-ing muscovite monzogranite in Yitong area, central Jilin Province. The formation age and petrogenesis of the granite are determined, and the regional tectonic background is discussed. Zircons from the granite are euhe-dral-subhedral in shape, and display fine-scale oscillatory growth zoning, indicating a magmatie origin. LA- ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating result indicates that the garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranites formed in the mid-dle Triassic （243 Ma ）. The garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranites have high SiO2 （SiO2 = 74.1%- 76.49% ）, rich aluminum （A1203 = 14.47%-14.68% ） and alkali （ NazO ＋ K20 = 4.31%-7.9% ）, low Fe203T and MgO （MgO =0.1%-0. 13% , Fe203T =0.46%-1.02% ）. The ratio of CaO/Na20 is between 0.17--0. 21. The garnet-bearing muscovite monzogranites in Yitong region are relatively enriched in light rare earth elements （LREEs） and large ion lithophile elements （LILEs） , and depleted of heavy rare earth elements （HREEs） and high field strength elements （HFSEs）. They are characterized by high Sr and Ba, poor Rb and Y, and negative Eu abnormally （δEu =0.48-0.62） , with Rb/Sr 〈 1. The εHf（t） values and TDM2 of zircons range from ＋ 6. 10 to ＋ 8.00 and from 725 Ma to 814 Ma, respectively. The above features indicate that gar- net-bearing muscovite monzogranites in Yitong area were derived from partial melting of metasedimentary rock. These granites have high Sr/Y ratios, which suggest they formed in a thickened continental crust. Combined with the coeval granitic rocks in central Jilin Province, we suggested that a significant eollisional and thickening event took place during the Middle Triassic.

Education and Training in Radiochemistry——The NAMP Initiative

A number of reports have indicated that a sizable percentage of the nation＇s experts in radiochemistry are nearing retirement age. This reality has been a concern since the 1970s, when declining numbers of radiochemists worldwide was first observed. Therefore, the NAMP （National Analytical Management Program） has organized a subcommittee focused on training and education in radiochemistry. To bolster interest and increase awareness in radiochemistry, NAMP is offering webinars developed by experts on different topics relevant to radiochemistry. This paper presents our accomplishments in developing these webinars and highlights our efforts in outreaching the national and international radiochemistry community.

The Centurial Achievements and Problems in Ancient Chinese Literary Theory and Its Re-sinicization

The centurial study in ancient Chinese literary theory has gained certain achievements, which is embodied in the reorganization of materials, the construction of subject, and the establishment of system. However, some problems, including literary aphasia, objectified objectivism and de-contextualization, have revealed during our rethinking of Westernization, scientism and systematism, showing that we have been trapped by Western-centralism, scientism and post-colonialism. Faced with the demand from modem knowledge pattern of de-sinicization, de-contextualization and de-subjectification, we propose reconstruction strategies of re-sinicization and re-pragmatism in order to provide theoretical conception of rebuilding modem system for ancient literary theory study.

Carob Origin Classification by FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

The goal of this study was to use Fourier transform mid-infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy for discrimination of samples of pods and seeds of carob from three Moroccan regions. The origin of samples Pods and seeds of carob could be distinguished from their IR spectra and this measurement was used for discriminate analysis. A multivariate analysis procedure based on the combined use of Hierarchical Cluster Aanalysis （HCA） and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis （PLS-DA） was tested and provided good classification results. Three distinctive clusters were recognised, related to the three Moroccan regions. Afterwards, PLS-DA was used for the discrimination and classification of the origin of the various Pods and seeds of carob samples. The results demonstrated that the combined use of FTIR and chemometric analysis （cluster analysis and discrimination by PLS- DA） can be used to rapidly and simply determine the origin of carob pulpe samples.

A Case Study of Intercultural Interventions for Chinese University Students During Study Abroad Program in the University of Minnesota

In 21st Century, Chinese and American universities are experiencing great development in the number of students studying abroad. This research adopts the method of natural investigation, selecting Chinese student samples during study abroad program in the University of Minnesota to complete the designed questionnaires to examine the intercultural interventions taken before, during and after this type of study abroad in Chinese universities. Also, after students complete the questionnaires, email communication is made to analyze the reasons for their answers to the questionnaires. The questionnaire results and email communication show that there is a great gap in the practice of intercultural interventions in study abroad programs between Chinese universities and students expectations. It is time for Chinese universities to design appropriate intercultural interventions in order to maximize Chinese university students＇ intercultural development during study abroad. These intercultural interventions should be run consistently to cover the phrases of pre-departure, during and after the study abroad program. Also, more dynamic and interactive intercultural interventions rather than knowledge-based intercultural instructions or guidance should be the focus for intercultural interventions.

On the Value Cultivation of Chinese University English Majors

Foreign language education should integrate cultural teaching into the training of linguistic skills. Values, as the core of culture and moral education, should be paid enough attention to. During the study process of Chinese university English majors, they inevitably encounter enormous information of Western cultures and values, and their own values may come into conflict with the ones they meet. So the English teachers have the responsibility to help the students construct correct values. Such principles as cultivating critical thinking, offering the course of Chinese culture and using group discussions and activities should be followed during instruction to facilitate the value cultivation among English majors

Knowledge Innovation of Great Tradition of Chinese Literary Anthropology

It is very innovative significance that Chinese Literary Anthropology invents the Great Tradition in the new century and puts forward series of theoretical propositions and academic points based on it. The new Great Tradition transforms the opposition between the Great and Little Tradition of American anthropology, and makes the new concepts gain the legitimacy of the cultural values transferred from the old terms. It dates the second coded significance of the written culture from the material narrative and the image narrative of the oral tradition, and highlights the generative and primary of the symbolic significance. It also questions the authenticity of the written representation, endows the truth and credibility to the material and image representation, and manifests the imaginative and expression of the early human culture. Though its theoretical innovation inverts the binary opposition structure, and it wants to jump out of knowledge limits of dual structure such as structure and destruction, objective and subjective, material and spiritual.

The Third Space Identity Construction： A Narrative Inquiry into a Chinese College EFL Learner’s Experience of Online Intercultural Writing Exchange

Drawing on in-depth interviews with a Chinese EFL learner, this qualitative study explores her identity changes throughout her engagement in the third space-the online intercultural writing exchange. The findings show that her productive construction of the third space is marked by a transformation from a reticent student to an open thought sharer and her claim of a legitimate ownership of using English as a global language. A split is exposed between her newly acquired English rhetorical conventions and her deeply rooted perceptions in the Chinese context. It is suggested by the study that EFL learners be provided greater opportunities to explore language as both a linguistic system and a sociocultural practice where they can exercise their agency and expand the range of identities.

Yuan Kejia＇s Poetics and the western influence

Yuan Kejia＇s poetics is the theory about the modernization of the new poetry. Some of his specific views on ＂the poetry and non poems＂, ＂the reality and the poetry＂, ＂the experience and the poetry＂, ＂the logic of the imagination＂, and ＂the drama doctrine＂ and other problems and the poetics texts are influenced by the western poetry, poetics or the literary theories. But it is not the summary of the Chinese theories of the western poetry or the Chinese version of the western poetry or the literary theories, but an attempt to ＂use all the cultural and academic achievements to come close to the literature and understand the literature＂, to develop the Chinese noetics.