A numerical study on the generation of a distinct type of nonlinear internal wave packet in the South China Sea

A distinct type of nonlinear internal-wave packet, with the largest internal solitary wave in the middle of the packet, was regularly observed in the South China Sea during the Asian Seas International Acoustics Experiment in 2001. Data analysis shows that the occurrence of the distinct internal wave packet is closely related with the occurrence of lower-high internal tides; the internal tides are mixed in the experimental area and, thus, there is diurnal inequality between the heights of two neighboring internal tides. Modeling of internal tides and internal solitary waves in a shoaling situation suggests that this type of wave packet can be generated in the South China Sea by the large shoaling of internal solitary waves and internal tides. Both the internal solitary waves and the internal tides come from the direction of Luzon Strait. The initial large internal solitary waves contribute to the occurrence of the largest internal solitary wave in the middle of the packet and the waves behind the largest intemal solitary wave, while the shoaling internal tides bring about the nonlinear internal waves in front of the largest internal solitary wave via interaction with the local shelf topography.

Practical Character of Deng Xiaoping＇s Rule

2014 is the 110^th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. This paper analyzes Deng Xiaoping＇s character by exploring the practice of law to cherish the memory of this great man. The author unfolds his analysis in terms of the following aspects： Deng＇s contributions to national independence and liberation, prosperity and happiness of the Chinese people.

Effects of Tidal Currents on Nonlinear Internal Solitary Waves in the South China Sea

The propagation and fission process of internal solitary waves （ISWs） with amplitudes of about 170 m are simulated in the northeast of the South China Sea （NSCS） by using the generalized Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） equation under continuous stratification. More attention is paid to the effects of the ebb and flood background currents on the fission process of ISWs. This kind of background current is provided by the composed results simulated in terms of monthly mean baroclinic circulation and barotropic tidal current. It is found that the obtained relation of the number of fission solitons to the water depth and stratification is roughly in accordance with the fission law derived by Djordjevic and Redekopp in 1978; however, there exists obvious difference between the effects of the ebb and flood background currents on the wave-lengths of fission solitons （defined as the distance between two neighboring peaks of ISWs）. The difference in nonlinearity coefficient a between the ebb and flood background currents is a main cause for the different wave-lengths of fission solitons.

Mass Loss from Glaciers in the Chinese Altai Mountains between 1959 and 2008 Revealed Based on Historical Maps, SRTM, and ASTER Images

Mass loss of glaciers in the Chinese Altai was detected using geodetic methods based on topographical maps(1959), the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission(SRTM) Digital Elevation Model(DEM)(2000), and the Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) stereo images(2008). The results indicate that a continued and accelerating shrinkage has occurred in the Chinese Altai Mountains during the last 50 years, with mass deficits of 0.43 ± 0.02 and0.54 ± 0.13 m a-1 water equivalent(w.e.) during the periods 1959-1999 and 1999-2008, respectively.Overall, the Chinese Altai Mountains have lost 7.06 ±0.44 km3 in ice volume(equivalent to-0.43 ± 0.03 m a-1 w.e.) from 1959-2008. The spatial heterogeneity in mass loss was potentially affected by comprehensive changes in temperature and precipitation, and had a substantial correlation withglacier size and topographic settings. Comparison shows that in the Chinese Altai Mountains glaciers have experienced a more rapid mass loss than those in the Tianshan and northwestern Tibetan Plateau(TP), and the mass balance of glaciers was slightly less negative relative to those in the Russian Altai, Himalaya, and southern TP.

Advancements in radiotherapy for lung cancer in China

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer in China. In recent years, great progress has been made in radiotherapy for lung cancer patients in China. The main advance- ments include the following aspects： （1） stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for early stage non- small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, （2） post-operative radiotherapy for NSCLC, （3） combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced NSCLC, （4） improved radiotherapy for advancedNSCLC, and 5） orediction of radiation-induced luna toxicitv.

Approach to the Legislative Problem of the Recycling Economy in Kunming

This paper takes Kunming as an example, analyzes the reasons and advantages that Kunming badty needs to make local laws and regulations of recycling economy. Initiation and assist of the government and formulation of the corresponding laws and regulations are issues deserved to pay close attention to. Some plain suggestions for the local legislation of recycling economy are put forward.

A continuously stratified nonlinear model for internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea

A continuously stratified nonlinear model is set up to study the impact of topographical character on the generation of internal solitary waves over a sill by tidal flow.One of the reasons why almost all of the generated internal solitary waves propagate westward in the northern South China Sea is explained.The model simulations describe the generation and propagation of internal waves well.When the strength of imposed barotropic tides and the water stratification stay unchanged,the steepness of the sill slope can control both(a) whether or not the waves induced over a sill by tidal flow are linear internal waves or nonlinear internal solitary waves,and(b) the amplitude of the internal solitary waves generated.If the steepness of the sill is asymmetric,the nonlinear internal solitary waves may be induced on the steeper side of the sill.These conclusions are supported by a numerical experiment with a monthly-mean stratification and an actual seafloor topography from the Luzon Strait.

Practical Character of Deng Xiaoping＇s rule

2014 is the 110^th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Deng Xiaoping. This paper analyzes Deng Xiaoping＇s character by exploring the practice of law to cherish the memory of this great man. The author unfolds his analysis in terms of the following aspects： Deng＇s contributions to national independence and liberation, prosperity and happiness of the Chinese people.

Using the Chinese-Spanish Dictionary by Video： Methodological Guidelines for the Design

The purpose of this paper is to present and analyze the methodological guidelines that directed the design, production, and use of the video program 衹要功夫深,铁棒磨成针 or How to Use the Chinese Dictionary： Beginners＇ Level, as well as expose the development phases of the program and its use by teachers in the classrooms of Chinese as a foreign language. This program is part of a series of videos about the use of dictionaries in different languages, which have been designed, produced, used, and assessed in the framework of the project ＂Diseno y produccion de material didctico en video para la ensefianza de lenguas en la UNAM＂ （Design and Production of Didactic Materials on Video for the Teaching of Languages at UNAM）, just as presented at the II Congreso Internacional de Lexicografia Hispanica （II International Congress of Hispanic Lexicography） （2006）. The topic Of this paper is the use of Chinese-Spanish bilingual dictionary. The method used was descriptive and systematic analysis methodological guidelines for creation derived from the design model proposed.

Projections of Wind Changes for 21st Century in China by Three Regional Climate Models

This paper examines the capability of three regional climate models (RCMs), i.e., RegCM3 (the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model), PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies) and CMM5 (the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-the National Center for Atmospheric Research of USA, NCAR Mesoscale Model) to simulate the near-surface-layer winds (10 m above surface) all over China in the late 20th century. Results suggest that like global climate models (GCMs), these RCMs have the certain capability of imitating the distribution of mean wind speed and fail to simulate the greatly weakening wind trends for the past 50 years in the country. However, RCMs especially RegCM3 have the better capability than that of GCMs to simulate the distribution and change feature of mean wind speed. In view of their merits, these RCMs were used to project the variability of near-surface-layer winds over China for the 21st century. The results show that 1) summer mean wind speed for 2020-2029 will be lower compared to those in 1990-1999 in most area of China; 2) annual and winter mean wind speed for 2081-2100 will be lower than those of 1971-1990 in the whole China; and 3) the changes of summer mean wind speed for 2081-2100 are uncertain. As a result, although climate models are absolutely necessary for projecting climate change to come, there are great uncertainties in projections, especially for wind speed, and these issues need to be further explored.

A Research on the Third-Party Legislative Post-Assessment in China

With the formation of the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, China pays more attention to the scientificity and the quality of legislation, starting the assessment of the effect of implementation of the law after legislation conducted by an independent third-party institution with scientific methods. The third-party legislative post-assessment can overcome the drawbacks of self-assessment, realizing the public participation better, which makes results of the assessment more objective, neutral and fair. The neutrality of assessment and scientificity of the method should be adhered in the construction of third-party legislative post-assessment in China, while improving public participation as well as the assessment indicators system and quality control system with the introduction of specific legal norms.

The Intellectual Property Court Edges Its Way Forward

INTELLECTUAL property is highly valued the world over,including in China.The Decision on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening Reform,released in November 2013 at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China（CPC）Central Committee,said explicitly：＂We will strengthen the application and protection of intellectual property rights（IPR）,improve the technological innovation incentive mechanism,and explore ways to set up IPR courts.＂ On August 31, 2014, the National People＇s Congress, China＇s top legislature, voted to establish IPR courts in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. They soon came into being, constituting a milestone in China＇s IPR protection.

Does the system of independent directors help improve the quality of accounting information： From the perspective of earnings conservatism

Based on the sample data of the listed firms on the A stock market, we analyze how the system of independent directors influence the earning conservatism from 4 dimensions designed to measure the monitoring power of these independent directors： Percentage within BDs, professional capacities, stimulation and work conditions. From the empirical results, we conclude that the more powerful of the independent directors, the better the accounting conservatism, and that their positive impact increases along with the improvement on corporate governance, meanwhile the work conditions plays the most important role, and then are the percentage within BDs and their professional capacities, the stimulation and personal reputation appear the least importance.

Vertical structure and dominating factors of sand body during Late Triassic Chang 9 time of Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on a synthetic geological study of drilling, well logging and core observations, two main genetic types of Chang 9sand body in Odors Basin were recognized, which included two effects, that is, delta environment and tractive current effects that lead to the development of mouth bar, distal bar, sheet sand and other sand bodies of subaerial and subaqueous distributary channel,natural levee, flood fan and delta front, and shore-shallow lake environment and lake flow transformation effects that result in the development of sandy beach bar, sheet sand and other sand bodies. Chang 9 sand body mainly developed five basic vertical structures, namely box shape, campaniform, infundibuliform, finger and dentoid. The vertical stacking patterns of multilayer sand body was complex, and the common shapes included box shape + box shape, campaniform + campaniform, campaniform + box shape, infundibuliform + infundibuliform, campaniform + infundibuliform, box shape + campaniform, box shape + infundibuliform,and finger + finger. Based on the analysis on major dominating factors of vertical structure of sand body, sedimentary environment,sedimentary facies and rise, fall and cycle of base level are identified as the major geological factors that control the vertical structure of single sand body as well as vertical stacking patterns and distribution of multistory sand bodies.

Analysis of Muscle Strength Measurement on Chinese Young Males

To establish a database of muscle strength of the Chinese people. The study sampled data of 843 Chinese young males all over the country. Back force, hand twisting force and arm force of four different exerting directions (pull, push, adduction and abduction) were measured. Comparisons are made between the results of this study and those from other documents. Different types strength were also compared. The factors of stature and weight influenced on muscle force were analyzed. There are obvious differences of arm strength in four directions and it can be ordered as push, pull, adduction and abduction, the push force is the largest and the abduction force is the least. The significant correlation exists between different types force. Weight has an obvious influence on one's force among above three factors. The database of Chinese young males is established for the first time. Results of the study can provide help for ergonomist, the worker of occupation health and the researcher of rehabilitation.

Study on the Current Implementation Situation of the Independent Director System in China＇s Listed Companies

The independent director system, as an effective measure to improve the corporation governance structure of China＇ s listed companies, is focused by more and more people at the capital market. In this paper, the proportion of independent directors in the board of directors, and the actual condition, compensation, and duties performing of independent directors are analyzed by taking A-share listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange as an example, so that the current implementation situation of the independent director system in China＇ s listed companies is analyzed deeply through the empirical method. Finally, suggestions for its imorovement are orooosed.

Ecoagriculture in China: A Systems Approach

Ecoagriculture in China began in the late 1970’s/early 1980’s. This system aims to bring about the most effective coordination of social, economic and ecological factors in agricultural practices. Key approaches include ecological planning at the landscape level, cycling system design at the ecosystem level, and the re-establishment of the importance of biodiversity. The social and economic environment favoured for ecoagriculture is important in order to enable its development. For the social environment, it is important to set up the necessary moral standards involved through educational, legislative and evaluation systems. For the economic environment, efficient government subsidy policies, an effective market system to deal with pollutant discharge, and efficient markets for the sale of ecologically-friendly products.

Impact of the zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service:based on 57 county hospitals of China

In the present study,we aimed to assess the long-term impact of zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service in county hospitals of China.This study used 57 county hospitals’records of medical service from 2011 to 2015,and a fixed effect model was applied to examine the impact of the zero-markup drug policy on volume of medical service.The outcome indicators included the number of patient visits,the number of prescriptions,the number of discharged patients,the length of stay,the number of patients who had surgeries and the number of patients who had CT or MRI,monthly.The number of hospitals which implemented the zero-markup drug policy was increased continuously.By the end of 2015,41 hospitals(71.9%)implemented this policy.The panel regression showed that most indicators were insignificantly decreased,including the number of patient visits(P<0.01),the length of stay(P<0.05),the number of patients who had surgeries(P<0.01)and the number of patients who had CT or MRI(P<0.01).However,the number of prescriptions and the number of discharged patients were not significantly changed.The implementation of the zero-markup drug policy might affect the reduction of the volume of medical service in county-level hospitals and the reason needs to be clarified in future studies.

A "Symptomatic Reading" of the Mass Culture Critique and Its Implications for the Reconstruction of Contemporary Chinese Literary Theory

The critique of mass culture is a core theory of the Frankfurt School. Entering China in the early 1990s, this critique enjoyed an initial but brief acclaim. As an over-reaction and over-interpretation stemming from painful historical memories, it tended to impede the impartial assessment of mass culture and the culture industry, resulting in obvious theoretical blind spots and gaps and making a “symptomatic reading” necessary. Today, the Frankfurt School’s critique of mass culture is still of value and significance as an intellectual resource and historical reference, but it warrants further scrutiny when used to analyze practical issues. Given the burgeoning of mass culture and the cultural industry presently under way in the Chinese market economy, we should rise above previous intellectual limitations and theoretical misunderstandings to give due weight and active encouragement to the positive energy of mass culture and the cultural industry. The construction of Chinese literary discourse has its own distinctive pattern, and must orient itself toward China and the contemporary era, and particularly toward the practical development of contemporary China in the current period of transition. The academic counterpart of this is a three-dimensional platform consisting of level of thought, value concepts, and Chinese characteristics.