High PM_(2.5) concentrations and frequent air pollution episodes during late autumn and winter in Jilin Province have attracted attention in recent years. To describe the spatial and temporal variations of PM_(2.5) co...High PM_(2.5) concentrations and frequent air pollution episodes during late autumn and winter in Jilin Province have attracted attention in recent years. To describe the spatial and temporal variations of PM_(2.5) concentrations and identify the decisive influencing factors, a large amount of continuous daily PM_(2.5) concentration data collected from 33 monitoring stations over 2-year period from 2015 to 2016 were analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationships were investigated between PM_(2.5) concentrations and the land cover, socioeconomic and meteorological factors from the macroscopic perspective using multiple linear regressions(MLR) approach. PM_(2.5) concentrations across Jilin Province averaged 49 μg/m^3, nearly 1.5 times of the Chinese annual average standard, and exhibited seasonal patterns with generally higher levels during late autumn and over the long winter than the other seasons. Jilin Province could be divided into three kinds of sub-regions according to 2-year average PM_(2.5) concentration of each city. Most of the spatial variation in PM_(2.5) levels could be explained by forest land area, cultivated land area, urban greening rate, coal consumption and soot emissions of cement manufacturing. In addition, daily PM_(2.5) concentrations had negative correlation with daily precipitation and positive correlation with air pressure for each city, and the spread and dilution effect of wind speed on PM_(2.5) was more obvious at mountainous area in Jilin Province. These results indicated that coal consumption, cement manufacturing and straw burning were the most important emission sources for the high PM_(2.5) levels, while afforestation and urban greening could mitigate particulate air pollution. Meanwhile, the individual meteorological factors such as precipitation, air pressure, wind speed and temperature could influence local PM_(2.5) concentration indirectly.展开更多
Based on the analysis of its basic characteristics, this article investigated the disparities of Chinese service industry among the three regions （the eastern China, the western China and the middle China） and inter...Based on the analysis of its basic characteristics, this article investigated the disparities of Chinese service industry among the three regions （the eastern China, the western China and the middle China） and inter-provincial disparities of that in the three regions by Theil coefficient and cluster analysis. Then, major factors influencing its spatial disparity were explored by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The conclusions could be drawn as follows. 1） The development of Chinese service industry experienced three phases since the 1980s： rapid growth period, slow growth period, and recovery period. From the proportion of value-added and employment, its development was obviously on the low level. From the composition of industrial structure, traditional service sectors were dominant, but modem service sectors were lagged. Moreover, its spatial disparity was distinct. 2） The level of Chinese service industry was divided into five basic regional ranks： well-developed, developed, relatively-developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped regions, As a whole, the overall structure of spatial disparity was steady in 1990-2005. But there was notable gradient disparity in the interior structure of service industry among different provinces. Furthermore, the overall disparity expanded rapidly in 1990-2005. The inter-provincial disparity of service industry in the three regions, especially in the eastern China, was bigger than the disparity among the three regions. And 3） the level of economic development, the level of urban development, the scale of market capacity, the level of transportation and telecommunication, and the abundance of human resources were major factors influencing the development of Chinese service industry.展开更多
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the functional significance determined by fractional flow reserve （FFR） in interme- diate coronary artery stenosis. Methods The study enrolled 143 patients with 203 in...Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the functional significance determined by fractional flow reserve （FFR） in interme- diate coronary artery stenosis. Methods The study enrolled 143 patients with 203 intermediate coronary lesions. Pressure-derived FFR of these lesions was gained at maximal hyperemia induced by intravenous adenosine infusion. An FFR 〈 0.80 was considered as abnormal functional significance. Anatomic parameters at the lesion sites were obtained by off-line quantitative coronary angiography analysis （QCA）. The predictive value of the demographic characteristics and anatomic parameters for FFR in these intermediate lesions was assessed using multiple linear and binary logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, FFR 〈 0.8 was found in 70 （34%） of the total 203 intermediate coronary lesions. FFR values were positively correlated with QCA-measured minimum lumen diameters （MLD, r = 0.372, P = 0.000） and the reference vessel diameters （RVD, r = 0.217, P〈 0.002） were negatively correlated with percent area stenosis （AS, r = -0.251, P = 0.000） and percent diameter stenosis （DS, r = -0.210, P = 0.000）. Age, MLD and the lesion location in different coronary arteries were the inde- pendent determinants of FFR 〈 0.8. Conclusions MLD can predict the functional significance of intermediate coronary stenosis, while age and the lesion location in different coronary arteries should be taken into account as important influencing factors of FFR values.展开更多
Daily precipitation analyses for 659 Chinese meteorological stations from 1951 to 2010 show that the rapid urbanization may have triggered the significant increase of heavy rainfall in China. During the last decades, ...Daily precipitation analyses for 659 Chinese meteorological stations from 1951 to 2010 show that the rapid urbanization may have triggered the significant increase of heavy rainfall in China. During the last decades, HRAs （Heavy Rainfall Amounts）, HRDs （Heavy Rainfall Days） and HRI （Heavy Rainfall Intensity） in China have increased. Impressively, the upward trends are not randomly observed among stations, but of robust consistency with quite large regional scale over large widely and significantly. Compared to the 1950s, the HRA, HRD, and HRI increased by 68.71%, 60.15% and 11.52% during the 2000s. The significant increase of accumulative heavy rainfall appears firstly in the southeastern coasts in the early period, and then gradually expands to the central, southwest, north and northeast China. Rapid urbanization is very likely the main cause of large-scale heavy rainfall increase in China. The urbanization indicators including the industrial production output （GDP2）, UP （Urban Population） and annual average HDs （Haze Days） are in good agreement with the heavy rainfall variations, and these indicators can statistically explain the variance of HRA, HRD and HRI by 61.54%, 58.48% and 65.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the explained variance by leading climate indices including WPSH （Western Pacific Subtropical High）, ENSO （El Nino-Southern Oscillation）, AMO （Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation） and AAO （Antarctic Oscillation） are respectively 24.30%, 26.23% and 21.92%, being only about 1/3 of the urbanization-related variance. Panel data analysis of county-level total population and annual average visibility days less than 10 km also show that these two indicators have significant correlation with decadal HRA, HRD ＆ HRI and the spatial correlation coefficient increases gradually with time. These consistent temporal and spatial features strongly suggest that rapid urbanization most likely triggered the steady increase of heavy rainfall over China during the recent decades.展开更多
Through national gymnastics to 30 active athletes and 30 national women＇s handball training athletes, which results in the paper are as follows： outstanding gymnastics. The main part of injury is elbow, ankle, and t...Through national gymnastics to 30 active athletes and 30 national women＇s handball training athletes, which results in the paper are as follows： outstanding gymnastics. The main part of injury is elbow, ankle, and the degree of damage to elbow as the worst. Women＇s handball player injury occurred campaign main pan is knees joint, ankle, with the most serious level of knee injuries. Outstanding women athletes in gymnastics and handball injury occurred campaign＇s state anxiety level is higher, were reached 49.37 ± 94 and 49. 00 ±61.3, excellent gymnast sports injury of the main source of stress for coach criticism, leading opponent table Now when the good. Good men＇s gymnastics athlete sports injury of main source of stress for physical or psychological made a mistake, coach criticism, suffered severe pain or injury After. Outstanding female handball player of the main source of the sports injury stress for the referee injustice, not the bad climate space equipment and error, etc. 4, excellent gymnastics The main way to deal with the players face for attributed to the outside world not controllable factors, focus your attention on the action or distracting, excellent handball in the athletes to diversify To strengthen the way to deal with the game for faith, quickly forget unhappy experience and experience of stress take more carefully way. The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 150 words. It should be set in 9-point font size and should be inset 1.0 cm from the fight and left margins. There should be two blank （10-point） lines before and aiter the abstract. This document is in the required format.展开更多
The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographi...The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical names(ITPGN) from three aspects: numerical features, spatial variance and spatial agglomeration. The influencing factors of the distribution of ITPGN and the implications for the regional management were further discussed. GIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of ITPGN, analyze the spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of ITPGN. A total of 11,325 ITPGN, including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN, were extracted from the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014–2018)", and the mountain geographical names were the largest type in ITPGN. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names in China, and Shanghai had the smallest number of the names. The spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. In addition, the relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the ITPGN. The largest number of the geographical names occurred in the regions where the relative elevation was between 1000–2000 meters, and where the population was between 40–50 million. Based on the analysis, it was suggested that the government should take the ITPGN as management units, optimize management strategies based on the characteristics of different types of ITPGN, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities and balance the interests in the controversial ITPGN. This study demonstrated that GIS and spatial analysis techniques were useful for the research of ITPGN and the results could provide targeted management suggestions to realize coordinated development in the interprovincial regions.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41601607,41771138,41771161)Strategic Planning Project from Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology(IGA),Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y6H2091001-3)
文摘High PM_(2.5) concentrations and frequent air pollution episodes during late autumn and winter in Jilin Province have attracted attention in recent years. To describe the spatial and temporal variations of PM_(2.5) concentrations and identify the decisive influencing factors, a large amount of continuous daily PM_(2.5) concentration data collected from 33 monitoring stations over 2-year period from 2015 to 2016 were analyzed. Meanwhile, the relationships were investigated between PM_(2.5) concentrations and the land cover, socioeconomic and meteorological factors from the macroscopic perspective using multiple linear regressions(MLR) approach. PM_(2.5) concentrations across Jilin Province averaged 49 μg/m^3, nearly 1.5 times of the Chinese annual average standard, and exhibited seasonal patterns with generally higher levels during late autumn and over the long winter than the other seasons. Jilin Province could be divided into three kinds of sub-regions according to 2-year average PM_(2.5) concentration of each city. Most of the spatial variation in PM_(2.5) levels could be explained by forest land area, cultivated land area, urban greening rate, coal consumption and soot emissions of cement manufacturing. In addition, daily PM_(2.5) concentrations had negative correlation with daily precipitation and positive correlation with air pressure for each city, and the spread and dilution effect of wind speed on PM_(2.5) was more obvious at mountainous area in Jilin Province. These results indicated that coal consumption, cement manufacturing and straw burning were the most important emission sources for the high PM_(2.5) levels, while afforestation and urban greening could mitigate particulate air pollution. Meanwhile, the individual meteorological factors such as precipitation, air pressure, wind speed and temperature could influence local PM_(2.5) concentration indirectly.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40871069)Megaproject of Science and Technology Research for the 11th Five-Year Plan of China (No 2006BAJ05A06)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City (No 9072002)
文摘Based on the analysis of its basic characteristics, this article investigated the disparities of Chinese service industry among the three regions （the eastern China, the western China and the middle China） and inter-provincial disparities of that in the three regions by Theil coefficient and cluster analysis. Then, major factors influencing its spatial disparity were explored by correlation analysis and regression analysis. The conclusions could be drawn as follows. 1） The development of Chinese service industry experienced three phases since the 1980s： rapid growth period, slow growth period, and recovery period. From the proportion of value-added and employment, its development was obviously on the low level. From the composition of industrial structure, traditional service sectors were dominant, but modem service sectors were lagged. Moreover, its spatial disparity was distinct. 2） The level of Chinese service industry was divided into five basic regional ranks： well-developed, developed, relatively-developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped regions, As a whole, the overall structure of spatial disparity was steady in 1990-2005. But there was notable gradient disparity in the interior structure of service industry among different provinces. Furthermore, the overall disparity expanded rapidly in 1990-2005. The inter-provincial disparity of service industry in the three regions, especially in the eastern China, was bigger than the disparity among the three regions. And 3） the level of economic development, the level of urban development, the scale of market capacity, the level of transportation and telecommunication, and the abundance of human resources were major factors influencing the development of Chinese service industry.
文摘Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the functional significance determined by fractional flow reserve （FFR） in interme- diate coronary artery stenosis. Methods The study enrolled 143 patients with 203 intermediate coronary lesions. Pressure-derived FFR of these lesions was gained at maximal hyperemia induced by intravenous adenosine infusion. An FFR 〈 0.80 was considered as abnormal functional significance. Anatomic parameters at the lesion sites were obtained by off-line quantitative coronary angiography analysis （QCA）. The predictive value of the demographic characteristics and anatomic parameters for FFR in these intermediate lesions was assessed using multiple linear and binary logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, FFR 〈 0.8 was found in 70 （34%） of the total 203 intermediate coronary lesions. FFR values were positively correlated with QCA-measured minimum lumen diameters （MLD, r = 0.372, P = 0.000） and the reference vessel diameters （RVD, r = 0.217, P〈 0.002） were negatively correlated with percent area stenosis （AS, r = -0.251, P = 0.000） and percent diameter stenosis （DS, r = -0.210, P = 0.000）. Age, MLD and the lesion location in different coronary arteries were the inde- pendent determinants of FFR 〈 0.8. Conclusions MLD can predict the functional significance of intermediate coronary stenosis, while age and the lesion location in different coronary arteries should be taken into account as important influencing factors of FFR values.
文摘Daily precipitation analyses for 659 Chinese meteorological stations from 1951 to 2010 show that the rapid urbanization may have triggered the significant increase of heavy rainfall in China. During the last decades, HRAs （Heavy Rainfall Amounts）, HRDs （Heavy Rainfall Days） and HRI （Heavy Rainfall Intensity） in China have increased. Impressively, the upward trends are not randomly observed among stations, but of robust consistency with quite large regional scale over large widely and significantly. Compared to the 1950s, the HRA, HRD, and HRI increased by 68.71%, 60.15% and 11.52% during the 2000s. The significant increase of accumulative heavy rainfall appears firstly in the southeastern coasts in the early period, and then gradually expands to the central, southwest, north and northeast China. Rapid urbanization is very likely the main cause of large-scale heavy rainfall increase in China. The urbanization indicators including the industrial production output （GDP2）, UP （Urban Population） and annual average HDs （Haze Days） are in good agreement with the heavy rainfall variations, and these indicators can statistically explain the variance of HRA, HRD and HRI by 61.54%, 58.48% and 65.54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the explained variance by leading climate indices including WPSH （Western Pacific Subtropical High）, ENSO （El Nino-Southern Oscillation）, AMO （Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation） and AAO （Antarctic Oscillation） are respectively 24.30%, 26.23% and 21.92%, being only about 1/3 of the urbanization-related variance. Panel data analysis of county-level total population and annual average visibility days less than 10 km also show that these two indicators have significant correlation with decadal HRA, HRD ＆ HRI and the spatial correlation coefficient increases gradually with time. These consistent temporal and spatial features strongly suggest that rapid urbanization most likely triggered the steady increase of heavy rainfall over China during the recent decades.
文摘Through national gymnastics to 30 active athletes and 30 national women＇s handball training athletes, which results in the paper are as follows： outstanding gymnastics. The main part of injury is elbow, ankle, and the degree of damage to elbow as the worst. Women＇s handball player injury occurred campaign main pan is knees joint, ankle, with the most serious level of knee injuries. Outstanding women athletes in gymnastics and handball injury occurred campaign＇s state anxiety level is higher, were reached 49.37 ± 94 and 49. 00 ±61.3, excellent gymnast sports injury of the main source of stress for coach criticism, leading opponent table Now when the good. Good men＇s gymnastics athlete sports injury of main source of stress for physical or psychological made a mistake, coach criticism, suffered severe pain or injury After. Outstanding female handball player of the main source of the sports injury stress for the referee injustice, not the bad climate space equipment and error, etc. 4, excellent gymnastics The main way to deal with the players face for attributed to the outside world not controllable factors, focus your attention on the action or distracting, excellent handball in the athletes to diversify To strengthen the way to deal with the game for faith, quickly forget unhappy experience and experience of stress take more carefully way. The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper and should contain at least 70 and at most 150 words. It should be set in 9-point font size and should be inset 1.0 cm from the fight and left margins. There should be two blank （10-point） lines before and aiter the abstract. This document is in the required format.
基金Atlas of the People’s Republic of China(New Century Edition)Research,No.2013FY112800
文摘The interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities are the key areas of regional integrated management. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical names(ITPGN) from three aspects: numerical features, spatial variance and spatial agglomeration. The influencing factors of the distribution of ITPGN and the implications for the regional management were further discussed. GIS technology was used to visualize the distribution of ITPGN, analyze the spatial agglomeration and the influencing factors of ITPGN. A total of 11,325 ITPGN, including 4243 water ITPGN and 7082 terrain ITPGN, were extracted from the database of "China's Second National Survey of Geographical Names(2014–2018)", and the mountain geographical names were the largest type in ITPGN. Hunan Province had the largest number of the names in China, and Shanghai had the smallest number of the names. The spatial variance of the terrain ITPGN was larger than that of the water ITPGN, and the ITPGN showed a significant agglomeration phenomenon in the southern part of China. In addition, the relative elevation and the population had an impact on the distribution of the ITPGN. The largest number of the geographical names occurred in the regions where the relative elevation was between 1000–2000 meters, and where the population was between 40–50 million. Based on the analysis, it was suggested that the government should take the ITPGN as management units, optimize management strategies based on the characteristics of different types of ITPGN, strengthen the naming of unnamed interprovincial terrestrial physical geographical entities and balance the interests in the controversial ITPGN. This study demonstrated that GIS and spatial analysis techniques were useful for the research of ITPGN and the results could provide targeted management suggestions to realize coordinated development in the interprovincial regions.
