构建积极的老年人社会福利体系——“义工”与志愿者相结合的视角

随着人口老龄化的加剧、传统保障形式的弱化以及社会化养老的不足,我国老年人福利的提供面临着严峻的挑战。在新形势下,构建积极的老年人社会福利体系已成为社会福利改革的一项重要任务,积极发挥"义工"与志愿者的作用,为老年人提供全方位,多层次的福利服务,在一定程度上可以缓解我国社会化老年人福利服务供给不足的压力。

对高校“义工”学分制的几点思考

"义工",也称志愿者,即指利用个人闲暇时间自愿为社会提供无偿服务的人。在高校实行"义工"学分制,把义工活动作为高校思想政治理论课实践环节的载体,把义工学分作为思想政治课的实践学分,对高校思想政治课的教学改革具有积极意义,对大学生思想政治教育具有十分重要的现实意义。

宁波市中小学推行“义工学分制”的探讨

"义工学分制"是公民道德教育和维护社会稳定的有效形式,也是推进素质教育、促进外来务工人员子女的城市融合、推进国际化的有效手段,有助于促进学生的品德发展、能力提升和人格完善。通过政府行为建立网络管理平台,以社会合力来推进,是中小学实施"义工学分制"的可行路径。

莫让警察变“义工”

武汉一名妇女上厕所忘带手纸,情急之下想到了警察,于是手机打过去求助,面临如此尴尬指令,警察还是火速为这名妇女送上了手纸。 一位民警坦言,他现在大部分时间都在为类似“琐事”所累,正当时间干的却是许多“义工”角色。还有一些市民打起了警察的主意,如一位掉了钥匙,不愿花钱找专门的开锁单位,而是找警察帮忙,以节省一笔手续费:又如一位老大爷心脏病突发,第一时间想到的却是警察,并一再叮嘱不要拨打“120”,无非是省下“120”那百把元的出诊费。

A Definition Formalism of Machining Features for DFM

Benefiting from advances in feature technology for design and manufacture can not be expected before a formal methodology is established. This paper makes attempt to establish a definition formalism of machining features in design for manufacturability from two aspects: formal definition and manufacturability analysis. Some definitions for machining feature based upon the selection and sequencing of material removal operations for component in accordance with the design geometry are presented and a framework of feature based design for manufacturability is outlined correspondingly. The proposed scheme contributes to several aspects of feature based CAD/CAM integration, especially to encourage potentially a more generic approach to the automation of design.

Creation of Male Sterile Line in Tobacco With HSP70 Anti-sense Fragment

In order to create the Male Sterile Line in tobacco, the anti-sense fragment of HSP70 gene was linked to anther specific expression promoter TA29 and the reconstructed vector was transformed into tobacco by Agrobacterium mediated transformation, and the transformants were then screened. Gus and spot blotting hybridization analysis of the transformants indicated that anti-sense fragment of HSF70 gene had been integrated into tobacco genome and expressed, thus the male sterile tobacco line was obtained. Microscope observation of anther and pollen showed that pistils of transgenic tobacco were normal, whereas anthers and pollens were fairly abortive in the same transgenic tobacco flower, comparing with pistils and stamens in control plants. The ratio of HSI：＇70 protein before and after heat shock in mitochondrial was found to be 1.39 in control tobacco plants and 1.01 in transgenic tobacco sterile lines. This is suggested that the anti-sense gene fragment of HSP70 can effectively inhibit the expression of HSP70 protein and lead to transgenic male sterility in tobacco flowers. The assay provided a new genetic engineering method for male sterility creation in plants.

Nuclear Safety Education for Non-nuclear Engineering Students

The new situations were analyzed for nuclear industry development and security. Besides nuclear wars and terrorism, reactor runaway and un-ruled radioactive source are the main nuclear accidents in peacetime. With the active development of the nuclear industry in China, the existing nuclear education system is becoming deficient or defective. Human factors play an important role in nuclear accident prevention and emergency response in the nuclear engineering system, non-nuclear professional staff are often the subject of personnel in most nuclear projects. In order to ensure the sustainable and efficient accord development of nuclear industry, general nuclear education is necessary for correlative non-nuclear professionals, such as technologies, management, safety, culture and ethic. The nuclear safety education should be included into the national education system.

A Review on Construction Coercion

Construction Coercion （CC）, as an important component of Construction Grammar （Cx G） established in 1995 by Goldberg, has aroused much attention of cognitivist and constructionist scholars abroad and at home in the past two decades. A series of studies have explore its definition, motivation, principle, type, function, explanatory power and etc. As CC is still a quite young field and lots of relevant theoretical studies and experimental studies have been implemented, it is necessary to review previous development of CC which enables us to better understand its current situation and prospect. This paper aims to make a review on CC to give some implications for further studies and finds that studies abroad and at home have some similarities but show different focuses and denote different developmental trends.

＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ --Film, Unionism, and Working Class Community Formation in Detroit, 1933-1939

Ever since Lawrence Goodwyn published The Populist Moment, social historians have been keenly aware of the power culture represents when it comes to resistance. Historically, ＂movement culture＂ has been used to create a collective climate and offered political activists a springboard to discuss with the masses the benefits of joining a social movement. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ uses the cultural outlet of film and the labor movement in the city of Detroit as analytical tools to examine working class community resistance throughout the 1930s. In the midst of the ＂golden age of film＂ community activists and union organizers--some of whom were well-known radicals and some of whom were mainstream unionists--used the institution of cinema to instill a level of class consciousness in the masses and mobilize the working class community against exploitation of employers, reactionary politicians, and white supremacist organizations. Movie-going had been a very popular form of recreation in Detroit since the 1920s and downtown theatres increasingly became the destination of an eclectic array of workers. Movie theaters themselves were bastions of community activity around the thirties and many were located in the heart of the city＇s working class district. Yet it was the films themselves that offered community activists and unionists a chance to converse with workers regarding the socio-economic matters of the day. Hollywood released a good number of films that dealt with working class issues and provided activists with ample opportunities to ＂instruct＂ the audience and carry on the discussion into the factory or union halls. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ relies on a combination of oral histories, movie reviews, film clips, and union and/or working class organizational records to illuminate how activists in Detroit＇s working class community used film as an outlet to inspire working class resistance. In sum, film provided an accessible form of entertainment that proved to be effective on two fronts： It promoted increased group cooperation, friendship, and alliances while it also fostered a shared culture, making it easier for activists to organize workers in the coming struggles for unionism.

Marx＇s Concept of Alienation： With a Brief Assessment

Since the collapse of Euro-Communism in 1989, the ideas of Marx have largely been discarded as little more than historical relics. There is a good reason for the neglect. The governments that Marxism spawns are among the most brutal in history. Equally condemnable for a philosopher who bases his theory on a science of historical development, most of Marx＇s key predictions turn out to be incorrect. What then is left of Marx＇s principles？ This paper argues that Marx is best understood as a critic of the injustice of industrial societies. Marx＇s essential critical concept is alienation. The paper presents the first complete analysis of Marx＇s treatment of alienation and offers a brief assessment of how this concept applies to our time.

Contemporary Marxism and Post-industrial Economy

Karl Marx （1973） scientifically predicted the appearance of some extraordinary tendencies of social development in the second half of the 20th century was given a common name of post-industrial or informational society and interpreted as post-bourgeois, post-capitalist, post-business society, and late capitalism. Autonomist Marxism and Perm philosophy school had separately come to a conclusion that all the phenomena noticed by the post-industrial theory could be adequately explained if we consider the historically new form of material labour appearing now. Marx （1973）, who predicted this new form, named it automated, scientific, or universal labour. With the appearance of the universal labour, the wealth of the society depends on the universal human powers that help to involve the extensive powers of nature into the production process. Universal labour can not be averaged or measured by the labour time as the abstract labour; it implies high complexity and creativity. Involving increasingly powerful forces of nature and human society, it appears to be the labour of another essence and by its essence, it does not create value.

Multivariable Decoupling Predictive Control with Input Constraints and Its Application on Chemical Process

A constrained decoupling (generalized predictive control) GPC algorithm is proposed for MIMO (malti-input multi-output) system. This algorithm takes account of all constraints of inputs and their increments. By solving matrix equations, the multi-step predictive decoupling controllers are realized. This algorithm need not solve Diophantine functions, and weakens the cross-coupling of the variables. At last the simulation results demon- strate the effectiveness of this proposed strategy.

Orthographic,Semantic,and Contextual Influences on Initial Processing and Learning of Novel Words During Reading:Evidence From Eye Movements

This study investigates how orthographic,semantic and contextual variables—including word length,concreteness,and contextual support—impact on the processing and learning of new words in a second language(L2)when first encountered during reading.Students learning English as a foreign language(EFL)were recruited to read sentences for comprehension,embedded with unfamiliar L2 words that occurred once.Immediately after this,they received a form recognition test,a meaning recall test,and a meaning recognition test.Eye-movement data showed significant effects of word length on both early and late processing of novel words,along with effects of concreteness only on late-processing eye-tracking measures.Informative contexts were read slower than neutral contexts,yet contextual support did not show any direct influence on the processing of novel words.Interestingly,initial learning of abstract words was better than concrete words in terms of form and meaning recognition.Attentional processing of novel L2 words,operationalized by total reading time,positively predicted L2 learners’recognition of new orthographic forms.Taken together,these results suggest:1)orthographic,semantic and contextual factors play distinct roles for initial processing and learning of novel words;2)online processing of novel words contributes to L2 learners’initial knowledge of unfamiliar lexical items acquired from reading.

The United States： Economic Crisis, Productive Restructuring and the New Precarious Labor Conditions

The contemporary economic crisis should be considered within the framework of the contradictions created by the neoliberal model that was adopted in the mid-1970s, in the United States and throughout much of the world. The changes in the labor market and new forms of workforce exploitation based on deregulation, the increase of off-shoring, and flexible hiring practices have led to ＂new＂ precarious labor conditions. Due to the crisis, the United States labor market has been characterized by four factors： the increase of the unemployment, the unedited growth of the informal sector, a dramatic increase in precarious labor conditions for all workers, especially young people, minorities, and immigrants, and the increasing wage polarization. However, capitalist profit rates have actually substantially increased due to neoliberal policies and the resulting economic crisis. This situation led to a rise in the overexploitation of labor. It has had subsequent effects on unemployment, informal work, precarious labor conditions, and unequal salary distribution, especially in recently created positions. Increased labor flexibility has changed the typical forms of wage employment, and stable employment has been replaced by temporary and part-time employment usually with low wages and without social security and benefits.

Verbal Communication in HIV-1 Patients： A New Perspective on the Study of Cognitive Disorders

The aims were： （1） to study verbal communication skills presenting with verbal communication deficits by applying the MEC in HIV-1 patients, and （2） to analyze the proportion of patients Protocol. The authors evaluated 20 patients over 18 years of age HIV-1 positive; native speakers of Spanish; without alterations in language acquisition, reading, writing or history of neurological or psychiatric disease; patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment （not efavirenz） with viral load 〉 50 copies/mL, and patients not undergoing treatment. Their verbal communication abilities were evaluated with Protocol MEC. The results demonstrate that some of the skills evaluated are more vulnerable in HIV-1 patients. The tasks that showed the most frequent and systematic deficits among patients were discourse-level tasks and those that evaluate lexical semantic processing. The authors compared patients＇ performances with the ＂cut-off＇. The scores were turned into score Z. A hierarchic cluster analysis was carried out to identify subgroups with different profiles according to the areas that were affected. The detection of communication deficit profiles in HIV-1 patients would be the starting point for the identification of disorders and the admission of the patients to health care system. This research constitutes an initial approach towards the identification of clinical profiles among HIV-1 patients.

A procedure for design of hydrogen networks with multiple contaminants

It is necessary to reduce hydrogen consumption to meet increasingly strict environmental and product-quality regulations for refinery plants. In this paper, the concentration potential concepts proposed for design of water-using networks are extended to synthesis of hydrogen networks with multiple contaminants. In the design procedure, the precedence of processes is determined by the values of concentration potential of demands.The usage of complementary source pair(s) to reduce utility consumption is investigated. Three case studies are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. It is shown that the design procedure has clear engineering meaning.

Design influence for the success of construction projects

In this thesis, the design in construction management is defined as the design meets the requirements of the constructor. There are a range of definitions of design, but in this paper ＂design＂ refers to something, which has been planned and made and a pattern for decorating in something in the term of construction. Rumane says （2010）the design involves two processes. The first thing is analyzing and designing components and structure on the basis of recognized codes and standards of safety. The other is that designers conduct the information in the form

Conservation Law Classification and Integrability of Generalized Nonlinear Second-Order Equation

This paper is concerned with the generalized nonlinear second-order equation.By the direct construction method,all of the first-order multipliers of the equation are obtained,and the corresponding complete conservation laws(CLs) of such equations are provided.Furthermore,the integrability of the equation is considered in terms of the conservation laws.In addition,the relationship of multipliers and symmetries of the equations is investigated.

Enhancing Domain Knowledge with Semantic Models of Web Documents

The paper considers the problem of semantic processing of web documents by designing an approach, which combines extracted semantic document model and domain- related knowledge base. The knowledge base is populated with learnt classification rules categorizing documents into topics. Classification provides for the reduction of the dimensio0ality of the document feature space. The semantic model of retrieved web documents is semantically labeled by querying domain ontology and processed with content-based classification method. The model obtained is mapped to the existing knowledge base by implementing inference algorithm. It enables models of the same semantic type to be recognized and integrated into the knowledge base. The approach provides for the domain knowledge integration and assists the extraction and modeling web documents semantics. Implementation results of the proposed approach are presented.

Revisiting of the South African Mine Workers＇ Union --A Significant Factor in South African Mining History

Founded in 1902 as the Transvaal Miners＇ Association, the South African Mine Workers＇ Union （MWU）, as it was renamed in 1913, rose to prominence as a militant union for white miners, especially during the turbulent years of industrial strife and bloody strike action in the first two decades of the 20th century. Since the election victory of the Pact government in 1924 a program of pro-white protectionist legislation was introduced. As South Africa＇s most prominent white trade union of the 20th century, the MWU therefore became renowned for defending job reservation in the mining industry. After 1948, it enjoyed the National Party government＇s support in this regard. However, skilled labor shortages and changing labor conditions in the 1970s forced the government to introduce labor reform. Job reservation was scrapped and black unions were officially recognized. These initiatives put the MWU on a confrontational path with the government and the union aligned itself with right-wing political resistance and protest. But, the altered political and economic South African realities after 1994 forced the MWU to rethink its strategies. By 2002, it had reinvented and transformed itself into Solidarity, adequately equipped for addressing the labor challenges and demands of a post-apartheid South Africa. This article, based on the author＇s research of the South African labor movement in the early 20th century, traces the historical development of the union and its influence on South African political and labor history.