三疣梭子蟹“乳化病”病理学研究

为从病理学角度阐明三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)“乳化病”的致病机理,选取中度和重度感染“乳化病”的三疣梭子蟹进行了病理研究。结果显示:河北省黄骅地区池塘养殖三疣梭子蟹“乳化病”的致病病原为血卵涡鞭虫(Hematodinium sp.);患病三疣梭子蟹的血淋巴、心脏、肝胰腺、鳃、体肌肉、螯足、第一步足和性腺等重要的组织器官均会受到不同程度的破坏。中等程度感染的病蟹多数组织器官尚存比较完整的组织结构;而重度感染的病蟹组织器官被严重破坏,其中肝胰腺和螯足肌肉已经失去原有组织结构,性腺也几乎完全消失。

秋冬季三疣梭子蟹Portuns trituberculatus (Mies)暂养常见疾病及防治措施

对梭子蟹秋冬季暂养育肥过程中发生的常见病病因、症状、流行情况作了系统阐述,并从蟹种质量、养殖环境、饲养管理及病原生物等方面进行了病因分析。在此基础上提出了相应的防治措施及建议。

Benefit of everolimus as a monotherapy for a refractory breast cancer patient bearing multiple genetic mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

A postmenopausal patient with a diagnosis of estrogen receptor(ER)(+), progesterone receptor(PR)(+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)(-) breast cancer was reported. The patient refused surgery and was resistant to conventional chemotherapy regimens. Computed tomography and the circulating tumor cell test indicated that the patient's tumor burden increased rapidly even after several chemotherapy sessions. Multiple genetic aberrances in the phosphatidylinositol3-kinases(PI3 K) signaling pathway were detected via next-generation sequencing(NGS)-based liquid biopsy, including a p. G1007 R missense mutation in exon 21 of PIK3 CA(33.61%), a p.L70 fs frameshift mutation in exon 3 of phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)(49.14%), and a p. D1542 Y missense mutation in exon 32 of mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)(1.66%). Therefore, only the m TOR inhibitor everolimus was administered to the patient. Partial remission(PR) was observed after 2 months, and sustained stable disease(SD) was observed after a year and a half. Subsequent sequencing showed that the mutation ratio of PIK3 CA decreased to 4.17%, and that the PTEN and m TOR mutations disappeared, which revealed the significant curative effect of everolimus. We report the first case of successful monotherapy treatment using everolimus in a patient with advanced breast cancer bearing mutations in genes involved in the PI3 K/ARK/m TOR signaling pathway. The success of this case highlights the invaluable clinical contribution of NGS-based liquid biopsy, as it successfully provided an optimal therapeutic target for the patient with advanced breast cancer.

HER2 and VEGF expression in breast cancer and their correlations

Objective:The aim of our study was to detect the correlation between the expressions of HER2 and VEGF in breast cancer, and their relations with some pathological factors. Methods:By immunohistochemistry technique, the expressions of HER2 and VEGF in the post-operation samples of 117 cases with breast cancer were assessed, and their relations with some pathological factors were analysed by statistical methods. Fifty samples of hyperplasia of mammary glands were observed as the control. Results: The positive expression rates of HER2 and VEGF in breast cancer were both significantly higher than those in hyperplasia of mammary gland (P<0.05). The expressions of HER2 and VEGF were both correlated to lymph node metastasis (P<0.05), but showed no relations with age, histological type, histological stage, tumor size (P>0.05). The positive expression rate of HER2 had a positive correlation with those of VEGF (P<0.05, r=0.373). Conclusion: The expressions of HER2 and VEGF have no correlations with age, histological type, histological stage, tumor size, but are closely related with lymphatic metastasis. The positive expression rates of HER2 shows a positive correlation with those of VEGF.

Chylous ascites arises after chemotherapy of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: A case report and review

Chylous ascites, a rare clinical condition resulting from the disruption of the abdominal lymphatic system, usually diagnosed by paracentesis when the patients suffer ascites as primary symptom. The conditions, in which chylous ascites arise after chemotherapy of solid tumor, are rarely reported. In this paper we present a quite rare case of chylous ascites arising after chemotherapy of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma.

Squamous cell cancer of the rectum

Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is a rare malignancy.It appears to be associated with chronic inflammatory conditions and infections.The clear association seen between Human Papilloma Virus and various squamous cancers has not been firmly established for the squamous cell cancer of the rectum. The presentation is nonspecific and patients tend to present with advanced stage disease.Diagnosis relies on endoscopic examination with biopsy of the lesion.Distinction from squamous cell cancer of the anus can be difficult,but can be facilitated by immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratins.Staging of the cancer with endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomography provides essential information on prognosis and can guide therapy.At present,surgery remains the main therapeutic option;however recent advances have made chemoradiation a valuable therapeutic addition. Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum is a distinct entity and it is of crucial importance for the practicing Gastroenterologist to be thoroughly familiar with this disease.Compared to adenocarcinoma of the rectum and squamous cell cancer of the anal canal,squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum has different epidemiology, etiology,pathogenesis,and prognosis but,most importantly,requires a different therapeutic approach. This review will examine and summarize the available information regarding this disease from the perspective of the practicing gastroenterologist.

Involvement of autophagy in alcoholic liver injury and hepatitis C pathogenesis

This review describes the principal pathways of macroautophagy (i.e. autophagy), microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy as they are currently known to occur in mammalian cells. Because of its crucial role as an accessory digestive organ, the liver has a particularly robust autophagic activity that is sensitive to changes in plasma and dietary components. Ethanol consumption causes major changes in hepatic protein and lipid metabolism and both are regulated by autophagy, which is significantly affected by hepatic ethanol metabolism. Ethanol exposure enhances autophagosome formation in liver cells, but suppresses lysosome function. Excessive ethanol consumption synergizes with hepatitis C virus (HCV) to exacerbate liver injury, as alcohol-consuming HCV patients frequently have a longer course of infection and more severe manifestations of chronic hepatitis than abstinent HCV patients. Alcohol-elicited exacerbation of HCV infection pathogenesis is related to modulation by ethanol metabolism of HCV replication. Additionally, as part of this mechanism, autophagic proteins have been shown to regulate viral (HCV) replication and their intracel-lular accumulation. Because ethanol induces autophagosome expression, enhanced levels of autophagic proteins may enhance HCV infectivity in liver cells of alcoholics and heavy drinkers.

Transforming Activity of a Novel Mutant of HPV16 E6E7 Fusion Gene

An optimized recombinant HPV16 E6E7 fusion gene (HPV16 ofE6E7) was constructed according to codon usage for mammalian cell expression, and a mutant of HPV16 ofE6E7 fusion gene (HPV16 omfE6E7) was generated by site-directed mutagenesis at L57G, C113R for the E6 protein and C24G, E26G for the E7 protein for HPV16 ofE6E7 [patent pending (CN 101100672)]. The HPV16 omfE6E7 gene constructed in this work not only lost the transformation capability to NIH 3T3 cells and tumorigenicity in SCID mice, but also maintained very good stability and antigenicity. These results suggests that the HPV16 omfE6E7 gene should undergo further study for application as a safe antigen-specific therapeutic vaccine for HPV16-associated tumors.

Transient Expression of Human Papillomavirus Type 16(HPV 16) mRNA in Normal Human Keratinocytes Transfected by pSV2-neo/16

Objective: To investigate the expression of HPV16 mRNA innormal human keratinocytes transfected with pSV2-neo/16. Methods: First human keratinocytes were cultured in theserum-free medium M154.Second, the plasmid pSV2-neo/16was transfected into the human keratinocytes using atransfecting reagent. Third, RT-PCR and Southern Blottingwere used to detect the expression of HPV16 mRNA and DNAin the transfected keratinocytes, respectively. Results: The expression of HPV 16 mRNA was successfullyamplified and an 110bp was detected by RT-PCR. A 7.9kbfragment was confirmed in the transfected keratinocytes bySouthern Blot analysis. Conclusion: HPV 16 mRNA and DNA were successfullydetected in the human keratinocytes.