“亚马逊”平台店铺运营的主要环节及操作方法分析

跨境B2C出口电商因具有流通环节少、运营效率高等优势,近几年在中国得到迅速发展,“亚马逊”作为世界范围内最成功的B2C跨境电商平台,吸引了大量的中国卖家入驻。通过对“亚马逊”平台开店的主要环节和运营技巧进行分析,可为中小外贸企业发展跨境电子商务提供借鉴。

“亚马逊”对800万名影迷调查显示——经典影片须有四大要素

美国网上巨头“亚马逊”公司最近进行了一项网上民意调查，试图弄清楚是哪些因素造就了一部成功的电影。该公司从资料库里调出了近24万部影片的资料，供网民选择。结果，从800万张有效选票中，评选出有史以来100部最受欢迎的影片。

“亚马逊税”背后的博弈

在是否应该向消费者征收税款问题上,亚马逊与各州政府之间一直存在冲突。近年来,美国经济增长放缓,很多州政府深陷数十亿美元的财政赤字中,开始努力拓宽其税收收入渠道,庞大的网络销售额无疑是收入的一大源泉。而面对各州新法,亚马逊始终紧抓1992年的法案作为其最重要的法律根据。归根到底,"亚马逊税"是政府、网络零售商和消费者之间的利益博弈。

中国文学“走出去”之后:从“亚马逊图书”书评看《红楼梦》的英文读者接受

《红楼梦》的跨文化译介在中国文学“走出去”的号召之下蓬勃发展,然而相关研究大多集中于译本本身,对海外读者的接受研究则颇为罕觏。美国“亚马逊图书”网站的读者评价为了解《红楼梦》的英文读者接受提供了可能。英文读者的广泛好评与积极阅读体验反映出《红楼梦》在世界文学版图中的地位和中华文化的艺术魅力。大量读者从西方文化角度提出新颖独到的观点,拓展了《红楼梦》的跨文化比较研究空间。面对文化差异导致的阅读困境,“超文化”视角有助于减少英文读者对《红楼梦》的误读,而《红楼梦》浓厚的人文主义打破了西方对中国的刻板印象。相对于阅读以归化策略为主的翻译文本,更多英文读者倾向于探索原著中全新的异域文化。研究海外读者的接受对《红楼梦》今后的译介活动乃至中华优秀传统文化的海外传播具有不可忽视的价值。

趟过电子商务的河

不管何种产业都需要一些时间发展成熟,而且投资越大的产业、前途越光明的产业,它的成长期越长。如果摆一个烟摊,那当然马上就可以赚钱了。但是如果所有人都去干这类“摆烟摊”的生意,那产业的事情谁来管?

Four-Closure： How Amazon, Apple, Facebook ＆ Google Are Driving Business Model Innovation

This paper explores the rapid growth of four internet-based corporations and critiques the extent to which the Internet has developed from being simply a powerful tool and enabler of industry innovation to achieving status as a fully-fledged technology-based business ecosystem. The need to develop new management theories, tools, and techniques to compete with the ＂Gang of Four＂ （Amazon, Apple, Google, and Facebook） is also discussed in some depth as well as providing a critique of traditional models/strategic approaches and more recent theories. This is considered to be an important area of research because as a new class of Internet company emerges, incumbent firms in traditional industries will need to know how to prepare for the new challenges that face them.

Seasonal Patterns of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Litter and Soil Surface of Transitional Amazon Cerrado Forest, Brazil

Measurements of litter production, and the surface litter pool were made over a 1 year period in a tropical transitional forest near Sinop, Mato Grosso Brazil with the aim of quantifying the seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the litter and the annual contribution of nutrients to the soil. Average annual litterfall （＋95% confidence interval （CI）） was 8.20 ton.ha^-1 year^-1 and forest floor litter mass was 58.63 ton＇hal. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the forest floor litter mass was highest during the dry and dry-wet season, being 38% higher than in the wet and wet-dry season. Seasonal variation in the litter and concentration of nutrients was explained by seasonal variations in the climate, for example in the precipition and soil humidity. Average annual nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the forest floor mass were 17.24 ton.ha^-1 and 16.46 ton.ha^-1, respectively. The more significant forest floor mass fraction for returning soil nutrients was the leaves. The concentration of nutrients was higher in the soil superficial layer （at depths between 0-5 cm） than at depths between 30-70 cm, approximately 83% and 93% for total nitrogen and available phosphorus, respectively.

Vertical stratification of bat assemblages in flooded and unflooded Amazonian forests

Tropical rainforests usually have multiple strata that results in a vertical stratification of ecological opportunities foranimals. We investigated if this stratification influences the way bats use the vertical space in flooded and unflooded forests of theCentral Amazon. Using mist-nets set in the canopy (17 to 35 m high) and in the understorey (0 to 3 m high) we sampled four sitesin upland unflooded forests (terra firme), three in forests seasonally flooded by nutrient-rich water (varzea), and three in forestsseasonally flooded by nutrient-poor water (igapo). Using rarefaction curves we found that species richness in the understorey andcanopy were very similar. An ordination analysis clearly separated the bat assemblages of the canopy from those of the understorey inboth flooded and unflooded habitats. Gleaning carnivores were clearly associated with the understorey, whereas frugivores wereabundant in both strata. Of the frugivores, Carollinae and some Stenodermatinae were understorey specialists, but several Stenodermatinaemostly used the canopy. The first group mainly includes species that, in general, feed on fruits of understorey shrubs,whereas the second group feed on figs and other canopy fruits. We conclude that vertical stratification in bat communities occurseven within forests with lower canopy heights, such as Amazonian seasonally flooded forests, and that the vertical distribution ofbat species is closely related to their diet and foraging behaviour.

The Soil Moisture and Net Primary Production Affected by CO_2 and Climate Change Using a Coupled Model

In this paper, a coupled model was used to estimate the responses of soil moisture and net primary production of vegetation(NPP) to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change. The analysis uses three experiments simulated by the second-generation Earth System Model(CanESM2) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis(CCCma), which are part of the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5). The authors focus on the magnitude and evolution of responses in soil moisture and NPP using simulations modeled by CanESM, in which the individual effects of increasing CO2 concentration and climate change and their combined effect are separately accounted for. When considering only the single effect of climate change, the soil moisture and NPP have a linear trend of 0.03 kg m–2 yr–1 and –0.14 gC m–2 yr–2, respectively. However, such a reduction in the global NPP results from the decrease of NPP at lower latitudes and in the Southern Hemisphere, although increased NPP has been shown in high northern latitudes. The largest negative trend is located in the Amazon basin at –1.79 gC m–2 yr–2. For the individual effect of increasing CO2 concentration, both soil moisture and NPP show increases, with an elevated linear trend of 0.02 kg m–2 yr–1 and 0.84 gC m–2 yr–2, respectively. Most regions show an increasing NPP, except Alaska. For the combined effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 and climate change, the increased soil moisture and NPP exhibit a linear trend of 0.04 kg m–2 yr–1 and 0.83 gC m–2 yr–2 at a global scale. In the Amazon basin, the higher reduction in soil moisture is illustrated by the model, with a linear trend of –0.39 kg m–2 yr–1, for the combined effect. Such a change in soil moisture is caused by a weakened Walker circulation simulated by this coupled model, compared with the single effect of increasing CO2 concentration(experiment M2), and a consequence of the reduction in NPP is also shown in this area, with a linear trend of-0.16 gC m-2 yr-2.

Mapping Mythical and Imaginary Places in d＇Anville＇s Carte de I＇Amrrique Meridionale

This article aims to discuss the blank spaces in the cartography of the Enlightenment, examining one map by French mapmaker Jean Baptist Bourguignon d＇Anville, the Carte de l＇Amdrique m＆idionale, first printed in 1748. Here, emptiness reflects the limits of the geographical knowledge of that continent. Moreover, it also indicates that a mythological geography still present on the maps of the time. This was also evident in the case of Lake Parima, which is represented within the Amazon region. In the first manuscript or print version of the Carte de [＇Amdrique mdridionale in 1748, on sheet l--depicting the Amazonian region--one can see that Lake Parima is not presente. Following the information of the French La Condamine had gathered on his expedition traveling down the Amazon and scorning tradition, d＇Anville did not include Lake Parima but Lake Amucu, placing it not in Guiana, in the Portuguese portion of the territory, below the Orinoco River and to the north of the Amazon. This was due to a manuscript map drawn up by a Prussian whom La Condamine had met during his trip down the Amazon, Nicholas Horstman. In the 1760 version--we see to our surprise that the geographer has included Lake Parima. This article aims to discuss the disappearance of the lake in the first version of the map and why does he then add it in 1760.

The Amazon Anthropology

This study aims to demonstrate who the Amazon man is, where he came from, how he used to live and how he lives nowadays. The Amazon scenario in the past, when it was almost untouchable compared with the present situation, after the economic, social, political, and environmental challenges. The methodology used was the reading of the books of authors and articles that made possible a better interpretation and development of the present work, through the interweaving of the authors＇ ideas.

The Shift in the Discourse About a Free Trade Area in the Brazilian Amazon： From Progress to Ecological Modernization

The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this paper is based on the analysis of 265 parliamentary pronouncements, 19 numbers of an institutional magazine, and 626 news texts from the most important local newspaper, all published between 2007 and 2010. It reveals a shift in the discourse about the ZFM, guided by ecological modernization. The industries are now presented as responsible for preserving the rainforest： it is said that if the tax incentives stop, there will be unemployment and deforestation. This tragic story line does not recognize the role of traditional peoples and communities in forest conservation and neither is open to the public debate about other models of development for the Amazon.

Influences of Amazonian White and Black Waters on the Hematological and Biochemical Plasma Features of Arapaima gigas （Osteoglossiformes）

The Arapaima gigas, despite being an air breather, its gill structure is quite close to water breathers, especially in early stages of development. The effects of Amazonian waters is well notices in other Teleostei expose to BW （black water）, and WW （white water）. However, information about hematological adjustments and its implications to ionic regulation patters are scarce. Therefore, our aim was to analyzed A. gigas hematological parameters when exposed to BW and WW providing suitable hematological data concerning about physiological responses in Amazonian waters. Fish were acclimated in three separated ponds containing BW, WW and well water as control （C）. Blood samples were taken from the caudal vessel in order to perform measurement assays on levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, corpuscular hemoglobin, corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, glucose, cholesterol and protein. Our findings corroborate the hypothesis stating that BW does interfere on fish adaptation specialy in smallfish （-100 g）. However in largefish （-1,000 g） neither WW or BW can interfere on plasma profile of analysed fish. Despite black water systems being considered a barrier constraining the dispersion of several species, this seems not to be a problem for this specie which has kept its ion-regulatory mechanisms even in black waters.

Facts and Fiction. Events and Stories in Relation to Texts and the World

This paper, as a part of a larger research project entitled Amazon. Realities in the Novels and the Imaginary Reports of Travelers, focuses on the following objectives： （1） the ＂referentiality＂ of the text to the external world （goal, empirical stuff）; and （2） understanding fictionality in terms of＂make-believe＂ and the principle of＂internal coherence＂. The main section sets out the theoretical foundation of the relation between facts/events and fiction, both as pragmatic and fictional texts. Then, the paper investigates in which forms and ways existing facts, data, occurrences, events and narratives in various kinds of texts constitute a representation and interpretation of the world. The central focus of the study is on the Amazon region. The study is an experiment in joining together different types of texts around the notion of＂referentiality＂; emphasizing reference to the external world （factuality）, the reading of the component elements of a language and a discourse （narratology）, historical reading against the horizon of expectation （reception theory） and the interpretation of the retrospective.

Anti-promastigote Activity of the Amazon Plants

This study evaluated in vitro activity of ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Amazon species against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. The ethanol extracts were concentrated and fractionation. The anti-promastigote activity was evaluated through the cell viability assessment method （MTT）. The ethanol extract, fractions, and isolated substance from Himatanthus articulatus and Parahancorniafasciculata were inactive in promastigote ofL. amazonensis, as the ethanol extract ofPhysalis angulata. The hexane fractions from different parts ofMontrichardia linifera showed anti-promastigote activity probably due to the presence of steroids and terpenes. All species in studies were inactive, except ofM. linifera. The few polar constituents can be responsible for the activity. Therefore, the isolation and purification of the active on L. amazonensis promastigotes are urgently required.

Management of the Innovation Process of a Small Amazonian Company in the Food Sector

The present article broaches aspects related to the management of the innovation process of a small company that works in the food industry of Manaus; the authors focus on the current types and levels of technological competencies existent in the company, describe their technological learning process and emphasize the innovation system that provides the organizational development support. This paper is based on a specific individual study and on empirical evidence collected using various techniques. It demonstrates how the management of the technological learning process and the innovation system boost the growth trajectory in a small company, by the fact that they contribute to the effective development of technological competencies considered fundamental to perfect the level of competitiveness of the company.

Amazon Kindle for Teaching and Learning Chinese in China's Mainland

As a special milestone of reading revolution, Amazon Kindle has had great success in the market since 2010. This paper discusses its educational significance of teaching and learning Chinese based on a case study in some universities in China's Mainland, then analyzes its advantages and disadvantages comparing with not only the traditional reading media including paper-book, PC （Personal Computer）, mobile device, and others, but also some popular e-book readers such as Hanvon, Nook, or iBooks （iPad, iPod touch, and Macbook）, with especial interests on the compatibility of Chinese characters. Some important issues which comprise the resource, copyright, price, Chinesization, and interaction are discussed in the essay as well. Though it has not been widely accepted by the majority in China's Mainland, even less popular in the field of teaching Chinese, now it is worth paying attention. To catch up with the new technology tendency with its superiority, Amazon Kindle plays a more and more important role in teaching and learning Chinese and is changing the educational custom nowadays. A new look of paperless education prospect is to be anticipated in the consumption era.

Conceptual study of lunar-based SAR for global change monitoring

As an active microwave remote sensing imaging sensor, Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) plays an important role in earth observation. Here we establish a SAR system based on the platform of the moon. This will aid large-scale, constant, and long-term dynamic Earth observations to better meet the needs of global change research and to complement the space borne and airborne earth observations. Lunar-based SAR systems have the characteristics of high resolution and wide swath width. The swath width could be thousands of kilometers in the stripe mode and it could cover 40% of earth's surface with 10 meters or even higher spatial resolution in the scanning mode. Using the simplified observation model, here we quantitatively analyze the spatial resolution and coverage area of lunar-based SAR and simulate the observation on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the Amazon plain. The results show that this system could provide near 100% daily coverage of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, whereas 40% to 70% daily coverage of the Amazon plain. Lunar-based SAR could provide large-scale, long-term and stable time series data in order to support future research of global change.

Impacts of hydraulic redistribution on eco-hydrological cycles： A case study over the Amazon basin

Hydraulic redistribution(HR)refers to the process of soil water transport through the low-resistance pathway provided by plant roots.It has been observed in field studies and proposed to be one of the processes that enable plants to resist water limitations.However,most land-surface models(LSMs)currently do not include this underground root process.In this study,a HR scheme was incorporated into the Community Land Model version 4.5(CLM4.5)to investigate the effect of HR on the eco-hydrological cycle.Two paired numerical simulations(with and without the new HR scheme)were conducted for the Tapajos National Forest km83(BRSa3)site and the Amazon.Simulations for the BRSa3 site in the Amazon showed that HR during the wet season was small,<0.1 mm day^(–1),transferring water from shallow wet layers to deep dry layers at night;however,HR in the dry season was more obvious,up to 0.3 mm day^(–1),transferring water from deep wet layers to shallow dry layers at night.By incorporating HR into CLM4.5,the new model increased gross primary production(GPP)and evapotranspiration(ET)by 10%and 15%,respectively,at the BRSa3 site,partly overcoming the underestimation.For the Amazon,regional analysis also revealed that vegetation responses(including GPP and ET)to seasonal drought and the severe drought of 2005 were better captured with the HR scheme incorporated.

Male mate choice in livebearing fishes： an overview

Although the majority of studies on mate choice focus on female mate choice, there is growing recognition of the role of male mate choice too. Male mate choice is tightly linked to 2 other phenomena： female competition for males and ornamentation in females. In the current article, I review the existing literature on this in a group of fishes, Poeciliidae. In this group, male mate choice appears to be based on differences in female quality, especially female size, which is a proxy for fecundity. Some males also have to choose between heterospecific and conspecific females in the unusual mating system of the Amazon molly. In this case, they typically show a preference for conspecific females. Whereas male mate choice is relatively well documented for this family, female ornamentation and female competition are not.