新农科背景下的“交叉学科”人才培养模式探索

新农科建设要求培养多学科背景、高素质的复合型现代农业人才,打造“交叉学科”人才培养新模式,着力提升学生的跨学科思维和创新能力,将有利于加速农业现代化进程,更好为乡村振兴和科技强国提供有力支撑。对新农科建设的时代背景和“交叉学科”人才培养的需求进行探讨,并积极探索新农科背景下的“交叉学科”人才培养新模式,从培养目标、选拔机制、培养方案、协作主体、过程管理与评价体系进行多方面梳理并提出相应路径,助力涉农高校人才培养模式的改革与发展。

“交叉学科”门类设置的价值意蕴

交叉学科具有跨学科性、创造性、实用性和动态性的特点,在学科分类体系中设立“交叉学科”门类,既体现了知识发展内在逻辑的客观要求,又满足了学科建设和人才培养的现实需求,较好地适应了社会和科技进步的时代指向。通过分析中美两国学科分类体系中“交叉学科”的设置情况可以发现,美国已经形成较为成熟的交叉学科体系,学科目录修订过程中的背景研究、征求建议、召开会议和公示结果等环节都延续了其统计服务功能。相比之下,中国的交叉学科体系建设仍处于探索阶段且展现出规范指令性的特点,下一步还需要构建以动态管理和准确把握为原则的“交叉学科”门类管理体制,建立以实践创新为目标的交叉学科人才培养体系和以问题为导向的交叉学科评价模式。

知识产权学科的性质与地位

无论是在无生命的世界里还是在有生命的世界里,一切都是按照规则发生的,尽管我们并不总是了解这些规则。--康德前言现代大学主要有两个目标。一个目标是科学研究,即学科建设。另一个目标是专业教育,即教书育人。学科建设与专业教育是有联系,但却是目标和功能不同的两个概念。

“习近平法治思想概论”课堂教学方法探析

习近平法治思想是马克思主义法治理论中国化最新成果,运用多种教学方法讲授好“习近平法治思想概论”这门课程,是一项全新的课题。在课堂上通过灵活运用“本座逻辑推理”“交叉学科知识穿插”“典型案例比较”“课程小组思辩”“知识图谱构建”等教学方法,可以向学生深入解读习近平法治思想的基本精神和丰富内涵。

An analysis of the divergent opinions on the disciplinary orientation of Business English

Starting with the introduction of current development of Business English in China, the paper points out the problems existing in the disciplinary orientation of Business English. On the basis of discussing the decisive factors in the disciplinary orientation of Business English, the paper concludes that Business English is an interdisciplinary subject which has practical applications, and Business English should take linguistics and economics as its theoretical basis.

电视音乐的结构特殊性详细内容

康德说过"美是无目的的合目的性",电视音乐的这些结构特殊性是同志们在工作实践中摸索总结出来的,这些结构特性,也只有与电视艺术相结合才能成为美的载体,美的化身。

Digital Chinese Medicine Research: an Overview

Digital Chinese medicine(DCM)is an emerging interdisciplinary field developed from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and information science.In this article,we consider the significance and propose an architecture for DCM research,and highlight the key tasks that need to be performed to provide references for the integration of information science into Chinese medicine research.

The Role of Design Education as the Champion of Human Values

Bruce Nussbaum, past assistant managing editor of Business Week magazine, talks about a grand and broad definition of design with a capital ＂D＂ and the failure of design education to keep up with the expansion of this broader definition. The application of the design mindset over a broader scope of disciplines such as business and technology results in creative people from overlapping disciplines who are flexible, curious, and imaginative; have a tolerance for ambiguity and provide meaningful frameworks for difficult situations. The design process becomes a secondary skill-set that compliments another primary knowledge/skill base. With this model, business disciplines could apply design thinking to the understanding of fundamental economic drivers and technology/engineering/manufacturing disciplines could apply design thinking over deep process expertise in implementation. What about the work of the traditional design disciplines？ Following the model described above for business and technology, design disciplines should apply ＂design thinking＂ on top of some foundational skill set that comes from the area of human values. What is this primary skill-set？ This paper will attempt to explore and create a simple map of the area defined as ＂Human Values＂, to locate current design education within that area, to propose directions for design education to move within that area, and to propose similar educational areas within the fields Business and Technology.

Comparison between Discipline and Interdiscipline

The word ＂interdiscipline＂ is exotic. Since was imported,it has caused wide attention from Chinese scholars.However,due to the influence of national,regional and individual way of thinking,the understanding and interpretation of primitive meaning of ＂interdiscipline＂ is complex and questionable. Therefore. it is necessary to define ＂interdiscipline＂. It is no doubt that the interdiscipline is after disciplines. What are exactly the common and the differences between them and what are their own features are meaningful and worth to discussing.

Influencing Factors of Personal Retirement Decision： Perspective of Research Summary

Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic characteristics, family relationships, social and economic factors and professional environment, such as in four dimensions, the article has reviewed the individual retirement decisions affecting factors and its mechanism of action, and summed up the consensus theory and some controversy. In future research, we need to strengthen the cross disciplines and integration, to explore more available research variables, provide a new starting point for further theoretical research and policy making.

Visualization analysis of the international standard ISO/TC 249 for traditional Chinese medicine

Objective This study proposes to visually review the current situation and progress of standards sets by the International Organization for Standardization/Technical Committee on Traditional Chinese Medicine(ISO/TC 249). The review aims to explore the development strategies of the standards, which will exhibit the considerable impact on the economy, trade and exchanges, and cooperation in the area of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Methods ISO/TC 249 standards were searched on the ISO website, and their title, proposed time, current stage, scope, and classification were obtained for further summarization. Gephi was utilized to portray the co-occurrence network graph of the ISO/TC 249 standards subject.Results In ISO/TC 249, there were 116 standards, including 81 published standards and 35 developing standards by April 30, 2022. Two withdrawal standards were published after revision, which were not counted in the total standards. The number of published standards has been increasing since the first standard was published in 2014, whose title was “Sterile acupuncture needles for single use”. Among these standards, 17.24%(20/116) standards were in review, 56.03%(65/116) in publication, 3.45%(4/116) in approval, 5.17%(6/116) in enquiry,3.45%(4/116) in committee, and 14.66%(17/116) in preparation, respectively. With 116 standards, most of the research focused on the medicament, as its classification of the International Classification for Standards(ICS) showed the proportion reaching 49.54%. The network analysis data revealed that the top five most frequent words were “materials” “root” “requirements” “products” and “system”, after removing the noise data, such as prepositions,conjunctions, and pronouns. Additionally, the word “system” co-exists with the terms “computerized” “coding” “image” “tongue” and “analysis”;the word “requirement” co-exists with“manufacturing” “decoction” “process” and “materials”;whereas the word “devices” coexists with “pulse” “electric” “skin” and “measurement”.Conclusion With the increased diversification and complexity of problems, the development of standards is also oriented to multidisciplinary fields to cultivate the interdisciplinary talents, and especially the international standardization talents of compound TCM. Multi-angle analysis, formulation, and demonstration of standards, in line with industry needs in different disciplines, enhance the availability of standards and the ability to serve the industry.

The Transformation of Government Economic Functions in Public Economic Management

Public economics is a science of studying government economic behaviors, and an interdiscipline of politics and economics. As China is at the primary stage of socialism and the development of various domestic causes is still in a period of exploration, it is very important for the reform of the socialist modernization to strengthen domestic administrative management. Society is the subject of national reform and development in the long run, and thus maintaining the stability of domestic social order is not only the prerequisite for the long-term survival and development of China, but also the key requirement of ensuring people to live and work in peace and contentment. This thesis, first of all, introduces the management concept of public economy and the necessity of government＇s involvement in supervising economy. And on the basis of these, the thesis put forward the direction of transforming government economic functions and several precautions that should be noticed in government economic behaviors.

Biotechnology Development Status and Prospects

In current world, with the rapid development of science and technology and emerging new and interdisciplinary science, technological progress is having extensive and profound impact on the economic and social aspects. Along with the wave of information technology revolution, life sciences and biotechnology are showing the developing prospect of unlimited possibilities. More and more people have foreseen the arrival of a new era of life sciences, which has important impact on science and technology development, social progress and economic growth.

Optimization Design of Open Space Based on Microclimate and Behavior in China

Traditionally, microclimate, behavior and space design are characterized by a separation among climatologists, behavior researchers and designers. It is also unrealizable to apply the research results to the space design because of the gap created by the interdisciplinarity. In addition, although the relationships among space form, urban microclimate and people are intuitively understood, there are still not reasonable predictions on how a space affects the microclimate, and how the microclimate and space will affect people＇s sensation and behavior. By recording the microclimate and people＇s responses, this paper discusses the relationship between people＇s sensation and microclimate as well as people＇s behavior and open space in a busy downtown pedestrian street during hot summer. The research finds that shade plays a crucial role in outdoor comfort. All of the other objectively comfortable and acceptable microclimates differ significantly different shade situation. Simultaneously, space contradiction can be considered an essential factor for spatial utilization. This paper also provides proposal on canyon open space design based on this case study.

Study on Landslide Surge in Reservoir Area

Landslide surge is a fluid-solid coupling problem involving multidisciplinary intersections such as landslide dynamics, fluid mechanics and mechanics along the way, which has important research value. The construction of the reservoir will affect the natural geological conditions of the slope of the reservoir area, slope rock under the joint effect of the waves and the reservoir water level changes, which will cause the reservoir bank collapse and even landslides. The occurrence of landslide will cause some loss. In this paper, the types of landslide generation, disaster classification, research methods and existing problems are reviewed. It makes people understand the basic research ideas of landslide surge. Through the analysis and discussion of the different research methods of landslide surges, the shortcomings of these analytical methods are analyzed, which provide important basis for future research and indicate the future research methods and direction.

A New Cross Discipline—Extenics

Extenics is a new discipline which solves contradiction problems. It studies the extensibility of things and the laws and methods of exploitation and innovation with formalized model. This paper briefly introduces its study objects, theoretical frame, methodological system, application, scientific significance, utility value and prospect of development.

Progress in Bio-manufacturing

In this paper we made a thorough and system- atic expatiation of the definition,connotation and composition of bio-manufacture.Based on the dif- ferent development stages and process of bioengi- neering,its main research direction and correspond- ing researches were reviewed.Furthermore,from the viewpoint of disciplinary crossing,integration and development,the main technological develop- ment direction of bio-engineering in the coming years was pointed out.

Single-photon microwave photonics

With the rapid development of microwave photonics technology, high-speed processing and ultra-weak signal detection capability have become the main bottlenecks in many applications. Thanks to the ultraweak signal detection capability and the extremely low timing jitter properties of single-photon detectors, the combination of single-photon detection and classical microwave photonics technology may provide a solution to break the above bottlenecks. In this paper, we first report a novel concept of singlephoton microwave photonics(SP-MWP), a SP-MWP signal processing system with phase shifting and frequency filtering functionalities is demonstrated based on a superconducting nanowire single photon detector(SNSPD) and a successive time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC) module.Experimental results show that an ultrahigh optical sensitivity down to-100 d Bm has been achieved,and the signal processing bandwidth is only limited by the timing jitter of single-photon detectors. In the meantime, the proposed system demonstrates an ultrahigh anti-interference capability, only the signal which is phase locked by the trigger signal in TCSPC can be extracted from the detected signals combining with noise and strong interference. The proposed SP-MWP concept paves a way to a novel interdisciplinary field of microwave photonics and quantum mechanism, named by quantum microwave photonics.