情感维度的中国城镇化进程研究:基于“人—地”情感联结的视角

城镇化进程中的流迁人口如何与城镇地点之间建立紧密的情感联结属于中国城镇化进程的情感维度,应构成新型城镇化政策实践和相关学术研究的重要内容。基于“地方依恋”理论,本文从“人—地”情感联结形成发展的观察角度解读情感维度的中国城镇化发展与演变历程。研究认为,情感维度的中国城镇化进程总体上经历了三个阶段:(1)以单位为中心的“人—地”情感联结建立与发展阶段(中华人民共和国成立至改革开放初期);(2)既有“人—地”情感联结削弱与淡化阶段(20世纪80年代至21世纪10年代初期);(3)新型多尺度“人—地”情感联结再建构阶段(党的十八大以来)。对处于“后单位时代”、面对城镇化进程中的大规模人口流动和城镇空间重组的当代中国而言,如何以各级城镇为“新乡土”构建相对紧密的“人—地”情感联结无疑是一项艰巨任务。基于此,有必要将推进情感维度的城镇化作为新型城镇化战略的重要组成部分,从增强“地方依赖”、推进“身份融入”、促进“社交联结”和孕育“地方认同”四个维度采取系统行动策略。

Study on the Countermeasures of Drought Control and Disaster Release Based on Humanland Relationship——A Case Study in Yunnan Province

Drought, one of the major natural disasters, has attacked Yunnan frequently in recent years, seriously undermining the sustainable development of society and economy and ecological civilization construction. As to the series of drought, this study has expounded the necessity and urgency of human-land relationship regulation in drought control and disaster release, from the aspect of human factorsthe inharmonious relationship between human and land. Based on that, the main countermeasures of drought control and disaster release have been further explored, in order to provide references for the future drought control and disaster release in Yunnan.

ON EVOLUTION OF MAN-LAND SYSTEM IN OASIS-Taking Minqin Basin as a Case

Human beings have had a tremendous i mpact on natural ecosystems and are n ow the principal power to change the biosphere.It is logical t hat we should pay close attention to t he interaction between human system s and environ-mental systems.Taking Minqin basin,Gansu Province,as a case,this paper focuses on the evolution of regional physi-cal environments and the cultural sy stems by which people maintain their relationships with those environme nts.This pa-per presents the conceptual framewo rk for the man-land system.Expectin g to accelerate the regional sustain able develop-ment,it also analyses the evolution ary mechanism of regional man-land s ystem.On the basis of reviewing and a nalyzing the evolution of man-land system in Minqin basin,the paper also brings fo rward an adjusting mode for the studi ed area,which consists of three aspects:to b uild up a concept that economic growt h must harmonize with environmental quality’s and land productivity’s improvemen t;to make a whole planning and management in the drainage area;and to push for-ward the technique of water-saving i rrigation and establish water-saving agricultural system.It’s meanin gful for resource exploitation and sustainable development of Chinese northwestern arid area,which is represented by Minqin basin,by under-standing what great changes the basin has experienced and is experiencin g at the global background,and studying its time order and territorial structure,th e system’s character and law of evolu tion,trend and the regulating ways t o improve man-land relationship.

BRINGING FORWARD OF THE CONCEPT OF COGIS AND ITS ARCHITECTURE RESEARCH

Based on the analysis of the development of GIS technology and application,this paper brought forward the concept of CoGIS, namely Cooperative GIS. CoGIS is GIS facinggroup-users and supporting human-human interaction, which makes it differ from the former GISs.Then, the characteristics of general Computer Support Cooperative Work (CSCW) applications and thecomplexity of Geographic Information Science were analyzed, and the conclusion that CoGIS was not asimple GIS layer on CSCW was reached. Further, this paper gave the hierarchical architecture ofCoGIS, and analyzed the cooperative platform in detail from the following: 1) basic elements; 2)collaboration patterns; 3) cooperation control mechanism; 4) synchronization mechanism; 5) securityand 6) group communication and so on. With those, the problems about GIS applications are discussed,such as 1) distributed multi-source GIS information and knowledge sharing platform; 2) the fusionand visualization of GIS information; 3) virtual reality cooperative modeling; 4) dynamicsimulation; 5) expert system and 6) decision-making. Finally, this paper analyzed CoGIS applicationmode in brief.

The development rule of man-land relationship and sustainable development for the artifi cial oasis in the east of north slopes of Tianshan Mountain

The paper researches on the pattern of man-land relationship of artificial oasis in the east of north Tian-shan Mountain,the development of Qitai artificial oasis and its relationship with envirorvnet.analyzes the facors influencing the change of Qitai artificiul oasis and its relationship with envirorunent,analyzes the factors influencing the change of Qitai artificial oasis and economic growth through grey analysis,and suggests the approaches of sustainable development of Qitai artificial oasis.Research shows that the pattern of artificial oasis and its environment had gone through three phases：the relatively harmonious stage.the unharmonious stage,and the new fragile balance stage.It also shows that the garden and the shelter-forest are useful to the sustainable development of Qitai oasis according to grey analysis.

The built environment correlates of objectively measured physical activity in Norwegian adults:A cross-sectional study

Background: Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity(PA).Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built environment features. Urban areas have well-developed built environment features, whereas the rural areas are less walkable and this may influence the mode of transport. In general, active transport is more common in urban centers. Further, public transportation is more developed in urban areas, whereas motorized transport may be more widespread in the rural areas. Despite this, in Sogn & Fjordane, a rural county in western Norway, high PA levels are frequently observed. Thus, the aims of this study were to(1) explore perceived built environment features and characterize their associations with objectively measured PA levels in Norwegian adults and(2) explore the differences in these correlates between Sogn & Fjordane and the rest of Norway.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants used questionnaires to rate perceptions of their built environments, and their PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days using the Acti Graph GT1 M accelerometer. There were 972 Norwegian adults who were included in the study. The average age was 46.9 ± 6.5 years and 43.8% of participants were men. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression.Results: Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) were both associated with perceived walkability, the community perception score, and active transport for commuting(all p ≤ 0.004). We also observed geographic-area-specific associations: the community perception score was negatively associated with total PA and MVPA in the rest of Norway(p ≤ 0.012) but not in Sogn & Fjordane. Public transport for commuting was positively associated with MVPA in Sogn & Fjordane(p = 0.03) but not in the rest of Norway.Conclusion: Total PA level and MVPA were associated with built environment factors, such as perceptions of community, perceived walkability,and engaging in active transport for commuting. Geographic differences in the PA correlates were observed, and thus, locally customized environmental population approaches aimed at increasing PA levels may be essential complements to individual behavior and lifestyle strategies.Further, objective measures of Norwegian built environments, such as geographic information system data, and validated walk-and bike-scores would advance the field.

Correlations between Human Adaptation, the Earth-Cosmos Context and Aristotle＇s Four Causalities

The Earth, which is a planet connection with the evolution of the Solar system, was formed and evolved as part of the WHOLE, in close of the Universe. The awareness, knowledge, and understanding of our coexistence with the Universe may clarify a series of obscure problems of our existence, and, at the same time, may bring solutions for other acute problems which our modem society has to face, such as energy, nature preservation, the origin, evolution and adaptation of the living and especially of man to the environment, etc.. This paper is trying to theoretically break up the concept of environmenf＇ into four fundamental contexts： terrestrial, lunar, solar-planetary, and cosmic context. We intend to approach the four contexts that distinctly and simultaneously influence life on the Earth using the interface theory which we developed in Informational Anthropology, Integronics and Biocosmological Anthropology. We consider that the living adapted and developed in a differentiated way according to the impact of these contexts. They may be the source for the four causalities Aristotle intuited, as well as the cause of many still unknown phenomena that diversified man＇s evolution and variability （Ackrill 1997; Falcon 2008）.

Comparison Between Reconstructions of Global Anthropogenic Land Cover Change over Past Two Millennia

Three global datasets, the History Database of the Global Environment （HYDE）, Kaplan and Krurnhardt （KK） and Pongratz of reconstructed anthropogenic land cover change （ALCC） were introduced and compared in this paper. The HYDE dataset was recon- structed by Goldewijk and his colleagues at the National institute of Public ttealth and the Environment in Netherland, covering the past 12 000 years. The KK dataset was reconstructed by Kaplan and his colleagues, the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Research Group at the Institute of Environmental Engineering in Switzerland, covering the past 8000 years. The Pongratz dataset was reconstructed by Pon- gratz and her colleagues at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Germany, coveting AD 800-1992. The results show that the reconstructed datasets are quite different from each other due to the different methods used. The three datasets all allocated the historical ALCC according to human population density. The main reason causing the differences among the three datasets lies on the different relationships between population density and land use used in each reconstructed dataset. The KK dataset is better than the other two datasets for two important reasons. First, it used the nonlinear relationship between population density and land use, while the other two used the linear relationship. Second, Kaplan and his colleagues adopted the technological development and intensification parameters and considered the wood harvesting and the long-term fallow area resulted from shifting cultivation, which were neglected in the recon- structions of the other two datasets. Therefore, the KK dataset is more suitable as one of the anthropogenic forcing fields for climate simulation over the past two millennia that is recently concerned by two projects, the National Basic Research Program and the Strategic and Special Frontier Project of Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The Man-Nature Relationship in Chinese History: A Study from Multiple Perspectives

What is called ＂the relationship between nature （heaven） and man＂ or between the way of heaven and human affairs has been a focus of concern for over 2,000 years and also a fundamental issue in historical research. Here, we need to give thought to three points. The first is spatial difference, or the great variation in the relationship between man and nature across China＇s vast territory; the second is difference across time, as evolutionary changes in human society give rise to different relationships between man and the environment; and the third is the formation and development of a unitary multi-ethnic Chinese empire and its effect on man-land relationships. The following issues should receive serious attention in future research on environmental history： first, the importance of the regional studies approach in researching these relationships; second, the major role of human factors in their evolution; third, the impact of regional politics on these relationships, in that capital cities tend to suffer most from environmental degradation; and last but not least, the changes in these relationships in the course of modernization and urbanization over the past few decades.

Analysis of the constraint relation between ground and self-adaptive mobile mechanism of a transformable wheel-track robot

To maneuver in unstructured terrains where the ground might be soft, hard, flat or rough, a transformable wheel-track robot (NEZA-I) with a self-adaptive mobile mechanism is proposed and developed. The robot consists of a control system unit, two symmetric transformable wheel-track (TWT) units, and a rear-wheel unit. The TWT unit is the main mobile mechanism for the NEZA-I robot, with the rear-wheel unit acting as an assistant mechanism. Driven only by one servomotor, each TWT unit can efficiently select between track mode and wheel mode for optimal locomotion, autonomously switching locomotion mode and track configuration with changes in the terrain. In this paper, the mechanism structure, the self-adaptive drive system, the locomotion mode and posture of the NEZA-I robot are presented, the kinematic relation of the inside parts of the TWT unit is analysed, and the mathematic model of the constraint relation between the mobile mechanism and the ground, abbreviated to "MGCR model" is set up for the NEZA-I robot to go through some typical unstructured environments. The mechanism parameters, which influence the self-adaptability of the NEZA-I robot, are found and optimized. Basic experiments show that the mobile mechanism has the self-adaptability to navigate in unstructured terrains and has superior obstacle-negotiating performance, and that the MGCR model and the analysis method of mechanism parameters are reasonable. From a mechanism point of view, it can provide an idea for research on the adaptive control of the robot.

Increasing Uncertainty

Cross-Straits relations is a critical issue that Taiwan’s new leader needs to be clear on Taiwan’s new leader Tsai Ing-wen took office in Taipei on May 20.Following the change of leadership in Taiwan,the most important question now is whether the ruling Democratic Progressive Party（DPP）will acknowledge the 1992 Consensus and its core implications,because the question involves the political foundation for peaceful development of cross-Straits relations.

The Territorial Human-Environment Relationship System:Exploring the Spatial Development of the“Three Spaces”in Mountain Outdoor Tourism Destinations

In the relationship between humans and the environment,all human activities depend on the geographical environment,which serves as the spatial place and material foundation for human life.This study provides a perspective on the human-environment relationship,using a case study of the Dashanbao Mountainous Outdoor Tourism Planning Area in Zhaotong,Yunnan.This study employed methods such as literature review,on-site investigation,and GIS spatial analysis to analyze the functional characteristics of the regional subject,spatial structuring,and spatiotemporally variable ordered processes of Dashanbao as a tourism destination from the perspective of human-environment relationships.The results indicate that under the guidance of the human-environment relationship system philosophy,the construction path of the“ecological space,production space,and living space”includes three main aspects:(1)The formation of five major project blocks and five functional zones to meet the diverse needs of different groups;(2)The establishment of a"multi-core module"structure optimizing the spatial layout of the tourism destination;and(3)With the changes in space and time,the convergence of elements in each block can form a composite mountainous outdoor tourism space with the characteristics of“ecology,life,and production”.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable development of tourism regional systems with mountainous characteristics.