Based on a large number of relevant literatures, the effects of environmental factors and human factors on forest soil nutrients in nature reserve were summarized, as well as the soil quality assessment and correlatio...Based on a large number of relevant literatures, the effects of environmental factors and human factors on forest soil nutrients in nature reserve were summarized, as well as the soil quality assessment and correlation of soil. nutrients, to provide references for a deep research on forest nature reserve soil and its protection. The distribution of forest soil nutrients has significant spatial heterogeneity, and its final distribution pattern is the result of joint action of environmental factors, including topography, vegetation, soil type, seasonal change as well as soil microorganism, and human factors. In natural ecosystem, environmental factors are the main factors that determine the differences of soil nutrients. Effective human management can promote the accumulation of forest soil nutrients, but improper interference will cause a significant loss of soil nutrients. Accurate soil quality evaluation can objectively clarify the impact of different soil management practices on soil, contributing to the timely adjustment of management measures. The establishment of long-term soil monitoring stations in forest nature reserves is a good way to master the influencing factors and the mechanism of forest soil nutrients, and can ultimately provide theoretical guidance for a sustainable and healthy operation of forest nature reserve.展开更多
A new safety assessment method for parallel routes is presented. From the aspects of safety guard system of air traffic control(ATC) and considering the flight conflict as causing event of air collision accidents, t...A new safety assessment method for parallel routes is presented. From the aspects of safety guard system of air traffic control(ATC) and considering the flight conflict as causing event of air collision accidents, this paper fosters a four-layer safety guard of controller command, short-term conflict alerts (STCAs), pilot visual avoidance, and traffic alert collision avoidance system(TCAS). Then, the problem of parallel routes collision risk is divided into two parts:the calculation of potential flight conflict and the analysis of failure probability of the four-layer safety guard. A calculation model for controller interference times is induced. By using cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM),the calculation problem to failure probability of controller sequencing flight conflicts is solved and a fault tree model of guard failure of STCA and TCAS is established. Finally, the Beijing-Shanghai parallel routes are taken as an example to be calculated and the collision risk of the parallel routes is obtained under the condition of radar control. Results show that the parallel routes can satisfy the safety demands.展开更多
Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method ...Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method of oxygen adsorption, oxidation kinetics method and activation energy method, are mostly affected by human factors. Their boundaries among different classes of propensities were all established by subjective judgments. A new evaluation method using catastrophe theory is introduced. This method can accurately depict the process of coal spontaneous combustion and the evaluation index, "catastrophe temperature", be obtained based on the model. In terms of catastrophe temperature, the spontaneous combustion propensity of different coals can be sequenced. Experimental data indicate that this method is appropriate to describe the spontaneous combustion process and to evaluate the propensity of coal svontaneous combustion.展开更多
Present-day conditions of the Lake Kenon ecosystem are determined by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. We have estimated the effects of a complex of factors on the condition of the abiotic environmen...Present-day conditions of the Lake Kenon ecosystem are determined by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. We have estimated the effects of a complex of factors on the condition of the abiotic environment and on specific biological components in the lake ecosystem. Change in biogenic load has caused an increase in the role of phytoplankton in the general balance of organic matter during the high-water period. Charophytes are the main dominants of bottom vegetation. Anthropogenic load has caused a decrease in both fish species and fish capacity. The lake application as a water reservoir-cooler has influenced the average annual water mineralization (from 420 mg/L to 530.0 mg/L with a maximum 654 mg/L in 1993) and fluctuations in its hydrochemical composition. The present composition of the lake is sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodic-magnesium in character. S(Y44 content is twice as much as the maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters. Water drainage from an ash disposal area to the lake has caused an increase in chemical-element concentrations including the heavy metals. Hg concentration in Perca fluviatilis muscles is 0.5 9g/g dry wt. Thus, understanding directions in the ecosystem of the water reservoir-cooler under changing hydrological conditions will let us forecast the consequences of new combined heat and power plant operation.展开更多
The alpine treeline ecotone is an important component of mountain ecosystems of the Nepal Himalaya; it plays a vital role in the livelihood of indigenous people,and provides ecosystem services. However,the region face...The alpine treeline ecotone is an important component of mountain ecosystems of the Nepal Himalaya; it plays a vital role in the livelihood of indigenous people,and provides ecosystem services. However,the region faces a problem of paucity of data on treeline characteristics at the regional and landscape scales. Therefore,we used Remote Sensing(RS),and Geographic Information Science(GIS) approaches to investigate cross-scale interactions in the treeline ecotone. Additionally,European Space Agency land cover map,International Center for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) land cover map,ecological map of Nepal,and United States Geological Survey Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model were used to analyze treeline pattern at the regional scale. Digital Globe high-resolution satellite imagery of Barun(eastern Nepal) and Manang(central Nepal) were used to study treeline patterns at the landscape scale. Treeline elevation ranges from 3300-4300 m above sea level. Abies spectabilis,Betula utilis,and Pinus wallichiana are the main treeline-forming species in the Nepal Himalaya. There is an east to west treeline elevationgradient at the regional scale. No slope exposure is observed at the regional scale; however,at the landscape scale,slope exposure is present only in a disturbed area(Manang). Topography and human disturbance are the main treeline controlling factor in Barun and Manang respectively.展开更多
The research paper in hand presents a thorough exploration of the fishing vessel accidents and near misses in the UK fishing industry as well as the underlying human element factors and sub-factors contributing to the...The research paper in hand presents a thorough exploration of the fishing vessel accidents and near misses in the UK fishing industry as well as the underlying human element factors and sub-factors contributing to them. In this respect, the regulatory regime in the fishing industry both at a national and international level is initially examined while also complemented by the investigation of past research efforts to address these issues. Furthermore, the analysis of the fishing vessels accidents and near misses as recorded in the UK MAIB (Marine Accident Investigation Branch) database for a period of 19 years is performed in order to derive the very causal factors leading to the fishing vessel accidents. It is initially shown that the fatalities and injuries taking place due to fishing vessels' accidents have alarmingly remained unchanged over the last 15-20 years. Another key finding is that the number of accidents and near misses per day and night shifis is quite similar while most accidents take place in coastal waters. Furthermore, human factors are related to the vast majority of fishing vessels accidents with the principal ones referring to "non-compliance', "equipment misuse or poorly designed", "training" and "competence". Finally, remedial measures are also suggested in order to address the main accident causes identified.展开更多
The prediction study on coal and gas outbursts is carried out by monitoring some indices which are sensitive to the initiation of coal and gas outbursts. The values and changing roles of the indices are the foundation...The prediction study on coal and gas outbursts is carried out by monitoring some indices which are sensitive to the initiation of coal and gas outbursts. The values and changing roles of the indices are the foundations of coal and gas outbursts prediction. But now, only the data of ere key monitoring station is used in the coal and gas outbursts prediction practice, and the other data are ignored. In order to overcome the human factor and make full use of the monitoring information, the technique of multi-sensor target tracking is proposed to deal with the microseismic informatiion. With the results of microseismic events, the activities of geological structure, fracure-depth of roof and floor, and the location of gas channel are obtained. These studies indicate that it is considerably possible to predict the coal and gas outbursts using microseismic monitoring with its inherent ability to remotely monitor the progressive failure caused by mining.展开更多
The modem tramway has resurfaced as the cure to today's urban transport problems such as pollution, road congestion and uneven access to transit. However, trams at intersections often experience frequent and extended...The modem tramway has resurfaced as the cure to today's urban transport problems such as pollution, road congestion and uneven access to transit. However, trams at intersections often experience frequent and extended delays due to vehicles crossing the tram tracks. There is an increased potential for conflict between trams and vehicles at these locations and crashes are common. The question of the effects of human factors on trams crossroads safety has been little dealt with in literature. The general aim of this article is to further knowledge about the influence of tramway and surrounding environment on car's driver behavior at intersections. Understanding these influences, involve conducting a systematic review of the cognitive tasks related to driving and identifying the hazards that can arise at each task, and what factors can make these more or less likely to arise, considering the environmental design at intersections and behavioral factors. To achieve that, the HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) approach is conducted for this study. Concerning data collection, the methodology includes site visits to record user behavior and questionnaires to determine the opinion, concerns and knowledge of car drivers in interaction with the tram environment.展开更多
Problem-solving strategy i,,; a critical skill in inquiry-based learning. Several studies have investigated how to use learning games to improve inquiry abilities. However, not every learner favors this kind of approa...Problem-solving strategy i,,; a critical skill in inquiry-based learning. Several studies have investigated how to use learning games to improve inquiry abilities. However, not every learner favors this kind of approach. Thus, we need to examine how human factors affect learners' reactions to the use of a digital game to support inquiry-based learning. This study addressed this issue by developing a digital game, "Baking Town", and using the game to examine the effects of two central human factors, sex differences and problem-solving strategies, on students' performance. The results demonstrate that students' inquiry abilities were significantly improved after they participated in the digital game. The results also demonstrate that the digital game may be a feasible way to reduce differences between boys and girls in this domain. Finally, we used the findings to develop a framework that can be used to enhance our understanding of sex differences and the use of problem-solving strategies in the context of digital games.展开更多
The determination of digging resistance is of decisive importance when evaluating the mining process of digging-wheel excavators. Methodic of measuring and determinant relations (formulae) are different in various c...The determination of digging resistance is of decisive importance when evaluating the mining process of digging-wheel excavators. Methodic of measuring and determinant relations (formulae) are different in various countries and by the comparison of them, underlying data for complex and objective evaluation using the knowledge from the field of rock disintegration can be obtained. In virtue of analysis of many measurements in situ, rather high specific power consumption with a wheel of excavator has been proved. What was the criterion for evaluation was the power consumption related to the volume of a rock disintegrated per unit time. From theoretical analyses, possibilities of eliminating a negative influence of the human factor upon the mining process and thus possibilities of optimum utilizing the power input of a wheel drive follow.展开更多
Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals' inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and th...Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals' inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.展开更多
As the society matures, customer requirements have become more varied. Services have been attracting increasing attention from industry and academic field as an effective mean to satisfy such varied customer requireme...As the society matures, customer requirements have become more varied. Services have been attracting increasing attention from industry and academic field as an effective mean to satisfy such varied customer requirements. In order to make a profit, it is important for companies to build and maintain long-term relationships with customers. Therefore, service providers should maintain their service quality and always satisfy their customers. To realize highly reliable product or services, in general, it is an effective approach to prevent failures from occurring in the use phase. Therefore, it is necessary that analysts identify the factors that could cause service failure and take appropriate measures against the target failure factor in advance. However, service failure factors are varied compared to physical products because service failures occur due to uncertainty elements such as human factors. In this study, we aim to enable service analysts to identify the critical failure factor from a number of failure factors. To achieve this, we identify complex failure factors and relationships among them from the viewpoint of the field where the service provided. This paper proposes a method for structuring the causal sequence between service failure factors by using a method of system modeling.展开更多
The long-term effects of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior on cardiovascular health in young people are not well understood. In this study, we use a narrative format to review the evidence for a prospecti...The long-term effects of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior on cardiovascular health in young people are not well understood. In this study, we use a narrative format to review the evidence for a prospective association with adiposity and other well-established biological cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young people, considering only studies with at least 2 years of follow-up. PA appears to elicit a long-term beneficial effect on adiposity and particularly markers of cardiovascular health. With adiposity, however, a few studies also reported that higher levels of PA were associated with higher levels of adiposity. Time spent sedentary does not appear to be related to adiposity or markers of cardiovascular health independent of PA. We then discuss the uncertainties in the underlying causal chain and consider a number of alternative modeling strategies, which could improve our understanding of the relationship in future studies. Finally, we consider the current methodology for assessing PA and sedentary time.展开更多
Internal auditors hold a unique position in their organizations to prevent, deter, and detect corporate wrongdoings. However, the role of this profession in investigating their ethical decision-making behaviors toward...Internal auditors hold a unique position in their organizations to prevent, deter, and detect corporate wrongdoings. However, the role of this profession in investigating their ethical decision-making behaviors towards internal whistle-blowing intentions has been very often neglected. Furthermore, although extensive researches have been undertaken on the issue of whistle blowing globally, empirical studies on this area are still scarce in Malaysia. This paper examines internal whistle-blowing intentions among internal auditors in Malaysia by utilizing three independent vignettes. A mail survey was conducted to investigate demographic and individual factors that could influence internal auditors' ethical decision-making processes. The likelihood for internal whistle-blowing intentions was significant among internal auditors' ethical judgments for all the three vignettes. Demographic factors (gender, age, and tenure) and other individual factors (locus of control and organizational commitment) failed to explain the likelihood of internal auditors' internal whistle-blowing intentions. Findings should aid researchers in their understandings of the determinants of individuals' internal whistle-blowing behaviors.展开更多
The article epitomises its foundations by providing definitional and explanative dichotomy among the State, Nation, and Nation State. It affords a depiction of the centrality of the mind, the interface of the body and...The article epitomises its foundations by providing definitional and explanative dichotomy among the State, Nation, and Nation State. It affords a depiction of the centrality of the mind, the interface of the body and mind in behavioural manifestations. It furthermore acknowledges that nothing occurs in a vacuum but in the context of the fullness of the mind. The visible manifestations of human behaviour are contended to be informed by the noiselessness invisible aspects of the mind. The same noiseless mind that informs the behavioural visibility that becomes somewhat active and busier in its conspicuousness. The dual existence of things and events in a revolutionary context that transcends to other behavioural undertones is discoursed. In the context application of the revolutionary mapping, the mind is presented as a culprit revolutionarist that wages revolutions without fear of external threats through arrests, danger, pain, terror, dread, apprehension, detentions, and any other similar means including death. The article settles that the mind is the determinant factor of human behaviours and it therefore defines the state of the State in any revolutionary circumstance. It denotes a functional separatism of the mind from the brain which is an organ of the body thereby equally accepting that the brain functionalises the mind. The equal essential role of the mind in post revolution construction to establish and promote an acceptable system of government that responds to socio-economic factors is detailed herein the manuscript. A deliberate attempt is made not to be suggestive and prescriptive on the shape and form of such a post revolution system of government.展开更多
The human error mechanism in coal mine safety is analyzed specifically from safety psychological and physiological factors, worker' s quality, safety management, safety education, mechanical equipment, and working en...The human error mechanism in coal mine safety is analyzed specifically from safety psychological and physiological factors, worker' s quality, safety management, safety education, mechanical equipment, and working environment, and also a human error' dominant factors classification model playing a great effect on the safety production of coal mine is established with the application of ant clustering algorithm. The experimental results show that management is the key in the human errors of coal mine.展开更多
The interactive effects of natural and human factors on ecosystems have been well studied, and the quantitative assessment of large-scale ecological vulnerability caused by natural and human factors is now one of the ...The interactive effects of natural and human factors on ecosystems have been well studied, and the quantitative assessment of large-scale ecological vulnerability caused by natural and human factors is now one of the most active topics in the ifeld. Taking the Guangxi Xijiang River Economic Belt in southwest China (GXEB) as a case study, we assess ecological vulnerability based on the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) model. The indices system is decomposed into three sub objects, ten elements and 25 indicators layer by layer, which included factors from both natural and human ifelds. Results indicate that zones with lower, middle-lower, middle, middle-higher and higher vulnerability account for 11.31%, 22.63%, 27.60%, 24.39%, and 14.07%, respectively. The western and eastern parts of GXEB are more vulnerable than the central part and the mountain and urban areas are of higher vulnerability than the basins and river valleys. Compared with a vulnerability assessment based on natural factors only, it is concluded that human activities indeed cause the transition from naturally stable zones to vulnerable zones. The nature-dominated vulnerable zones are different with human-dominated ones in size and distribution, the latter being smaller, more scattered and distributed in urban areas and their surroundings. About 53%of total construction land is distributed in zones with middle and middle-higher ecological vulnerability;less vulnerable zones should attract construction in the future. Relevant suggestions are proposed on how to reduce vulnerability according to inducing factors. The VSD model has a signiifcant advantage in the quantitative evaluation of ecological vulnerability, but is insufficient to distinguish nature- or human-dominated vulnerability quantitatively.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Biodiversity Protection of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China(214704)the Special Fund for the Fundamentak Works of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2008FY110304)~~
文摘Based on a large number of relevant literatures, the effects of environmental factors and human factors on forest soil nutrients in nature reserve were summarized, as well as the soil quality assessment and correlation of soil. nutrients, to provide references for a deep research on forest nature reserve soil and its protection. The distribution of forest soil nutrients has significant spatial heterogeneity, and its final distribution pattern is the result of joint action of environmental factors, including topography, vegetation, soil type, seasonal change as well as soil microorganism, and human factors. In natural ecosystem, environmental factors are the main factors that determine the differences of soil nutrients. Effective human management can promote the accumulation of forest soil nutrients, but improper interference will cause a significant loss of soil nutrients. Accurate soil quality evaluation can objectively clarify the impact of different soil management practices on soil, contributing to the timely adjustment of management measures. The establishment of long-term soil monitoring stations in forest nature reserves is a good way to master the influencing factors and the mechanism of forest soil nutrients, and can ultimately provide theoretical guidance for a sustainable and healthy operation of forest nature reserve.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program)(2006AA12A105)~~
文摘A new safety assessment method for parallel routes is presented. From the aspects of safety guard system of air traffic control(ATC) and considering the flight conflict as causing event of air collision accidents, this paper fosters a four-layer safety guard of controller command, short-term conflict alerts (STCAs), pilot visual avoidance, and traffic alert collision avoidance system(TCAS). Then, the problem of parallel routes collision risk is divided into two parts:the calculation of potential flight conflict and the analysis of failure probability of the four-layer safety guard. A calculation model for controller interference times is induced. By using cognitive reliability and error analysis method(CREAM),the calculation problem to failure probability of controller sequencing flight conflicts is solved and a fault tree model of guard failure of STCA and TCAS is established. Finally, the Beijing-Shanghai parallel routes are taken as an example to be calculated and the collision risk of the parallel routes is obtained under the condition of radar control. Results show that the parallel routes can satisfy the safety demands.
文摘Generally, different prevention measures should be taken according to spontaneous combustion propensities. The current methods to evaluate the propensity of coal spontaneous combustion, such as chromatographic method of oxygen adsorption, oxidation kinetics method and activation energy method, are mostly affected by human factors. Their boundaries among different classes of propensities were all established by subjective judgments. A new evaluation method using catastrophe theory is introduced. This method can accurately depict the process of coal spontaneous combustion and the evaluation index, "catastrophe temperature", be obtained based on the model. In terms of catastrophe temperature, the spontaneous combustion propensity of different coals can be sequenced. Experimental data indicate that this method is appropriate to describe the spontaneous combustion process and to evaluate the propensity of coal svontaneous combustion.
基金Supported by the RFBR No.14-05-98013"Siberia"(2014–2016)the Project of SB of the RAS VIII.79.1.2."Dynamics of natural and natural-anthropogenic systems in the conditions of climate change and anthropogenic pressures(on the example of Transbaikalia)"(2012–2017)
文摘Present-day conditions of the Lake Kenon ecosystem are determined by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. We have estimated the effects of a complex of factors on the condition of the abiotic environment and on specific biological components in the lake ecosystem. Change in biogenic load has caused an increase in the role of phytoplankton in the general balance of organic matter during the high-water period. Charophytes are the main dominants of bottom vegetation. Anthropogenic load has caused a decrease in both fish species and fish capacity. The lake application as a water reservoir-cooler has influenced the average annual water mineralization (from 420 mg/L to 530.0 mg/L with a maximum 654 mg/L in 1993) and fluctuations in its hydrochemical composition. The present composition of the lake is sulfate-hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodic-magnesium in character. S(Y44 content is twice as much as the maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters. Water drainage from an ash disposal area to the lake has caused an increase in chemical-element concentrations including the heavy metals. Hg concentration in Perca fluviatilis muscles is 0.5 9g/g dry wt. Thus, understanding directions in the ecosystem of the water reservoir-cooler under changing hydrological conditions will let us forecast the consequences of new combined heat and power plant operation.
文摘The alpine treeline ecotone is an important component of mountain ecosystems of the Nepal Himalaya; it plays a vital role in the livelihood of indigenous people,and provides ecosystem services. However,the region faces a problem of paucity of data on treeline characteristics at the regional and landscape scales. Therefore,we used Remote Sensing(RS),and Geographic Information Science(GIS) approaches to investigate cross-scale interactions in the treeline ecotone. Additionally,European Space Agency land cover map,International Center for Integrated Mountain Development(ICIMOD) land cover map,ecological map of Nepal,and United States Geological Survey Shuttle Radar Topography Mission-Digital Elevation Model were used to analyze treeline pattern at the regional scale. Digital Globe high-resolution satellite imagery of Barun(eastern Nepal) and Manang(central Nepal) were used to study treeline patterns at the landscape scale. Treeline elevation ranges from 3300-4300 m above sea level. Abies spectabilis,Betula utilis,and Pinus wallichiana are the main treeline-forming species in the Nepal Himalaya. There is an east to west treeline elevationgradient at the regional scale. No slope exposure is observed at the regional scale; however,at the landscape scale,slope exposure is present only in a disturbed area(Manang). Topography and human disturbance are the main treeline controlling factor in Barun and Manang respectively.
文摘The research paper in hand presents a thorough exploration of the fishing vessel accidents and near misses in the UK fishing industry as well as the underlying human element factors and sub-factors contributing to them. In this respect, the regulatory regime in the fishing industry both at a national and international level is initially examined while also complemented by the investigation of past research efforts to address these issues. Furthermore, the analysis of the fishing vessels accidents and near misses as recorded in the UK MAIB (Marine Accident Investigation Branch) database for a period of 19 years is performed in order to derive the very causal factors leading to the fishing vessel accidents. It is initially shown that the fatalities and injuries taking place due to fishing vessels' accidents have alarmingly remained unchanged over the last 15-20 years. Another key finding is that the number of accidents and near misses per day and night shifis is quite similar while most accidents take place in coastal waters. Furthermore, human factors are related to the vast majority of fishing vessels accidents with the principal ones referring to "non-compliance', "equipment misuse or poorly designed", "training" and "competence". Finally, remedial measures are also suggested in order to address the main accident causes identified.
基金supported by National Basic Research Programof China(973Program,2010CB226805)Shandong Province Natural Science Fund(Z2008F01)Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention and Control of Education Ministry(MDPC0809,MDPC0811)
文摘The prediction study on coal and gas outbursts is carried out by monitoring some indices which are sensitive to the initiation of coal and gas outbursts. The values and changing roles of the indices are the foundations of coal and gas outbursts prediction. But now, only the data of ere key monitoring station is used in the coal and gas outbursts prediction practice, and the other data are ignored. In order to overcome the human factor and make full use of the monitoring information, the technique of multi-sensor target tracking is proposed to deal with the microseismic informatiion. With the results of microseismic events, the activities of geological structure, fracure-depth of roof and floor, and the location of gas channel are obtained. These studies indicate that it is considerably possible to predict the coal and gas outbursts using microseismic monitoring with its inherent ability to remotely monitor the progressive failure caused by mining.
文摘The modem tramway has resurfaced as the cure to today's urban transport problems such as pollution, road congestion and uneven access to transit. However, trams at intersections often experience frequent and extended delays due to vehicles crossing the tram tracks. There is an increased potential for conflict between trams and vehicles at these locations and crashes are common. The question of the effects of human factors on trams crossroads safety has been little dealt with in literature. The general aim of this article is to further knowledge about the influence of tramway and surrounding environment on car's driver behavior at intersections. Understanding these influences, involve conducting a systematic review of the cognitive tasks related to driving and identifying the hazards that can arise at each task, and what factors can make these more or less likely to arise, considering the environmental design at intersections and behavioral factors. To achieve that, the HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Study) approach is conducted for this study. Concerning data collection, the methodology includes site visits to record user behavior and questionnaires to determine the opinion, concerns and knowledge of car drivers in interaction with the tram environment.
文摘Problem-solving strategy i,,; a critical skill in inquiry-based learning. Several studies have investigated how to use learning games to improve inquiry abilities. However, not every learner favors this kind of approach. Thus, we need to examine how human factors affect learners' reactions to the use of a digital game to support inquiry-based learning. This study addressed this issue by developing a digital game, "Baking Town", and using the game to examine the effects of two central human factors, sex differences and problem-solving strategies, on students' performance. The results demonstrate that students' inquiry abilities were significantly improved after they participated in the digital game. The results also demonstrate that the digital game may be a feasible way to reduce differences between boys and girls in this domain. Finally, we used the findings to develop a framework that can be used to enhance our understanding of sex differences and the use of problem-solving strategies in the context of digital games.
文摘The determination of digging resistance is of decisive importance when evaluating the mining process of digging-wheel excavators. Methodic of measuring and determinant relations (formulae) are different in various countries and by the comparison of them, underlying data for complex and objective evaluation using the knowledge from the field of rock disintegration can be obtained. In virtue of analysis of many measurements in situ, rather high specific power consumption with a wheel of excavator has been proved. What was the criterion for evaluation was the power consumption related to the volume of a rock disintegrated per unit time. From theoretical analyses, possibilities of eliminating a negative influence of the human factor upon the mining process and thus possibilities of optimum utilizing the power input of a wheel drive follow.
文摘Psychological trauma refers to the catastrophic or traumatic events harmful to individuals' inner world. Strong emotional and psychological reaction caused by traumatic factors will form psychological shadows, and the improper coping of these events will lead to a post-traumatic stress disorder. In this paper, the author makes an exploration on the roots of psychological trauma and of post-traumatic stress reaction or disorders, which were caused by natural traumatic event, such as floods, snowstorms, earthquakes and other man-made factors such as wars, accidents from a psychological point of view. Finally, some suggestions of intervention are provided for the relevant departments to make relevant rebuilding policies.
文摘As the society matures, customer requirements have become more varied. Services have been attracting increasing attention from industry and academic field as an effective mean to satisfy such varied customer requirements. In order to make a profit, it is important for companies to build and maintain long-term relationships with customers. Therefore, service providers should maintain their service quality and always satisfy their customers. To realize highly reliable product or services, in general, it is an effective approach to prevent failures from occurring in the use phase. Therefore, it is necessary that analysts identify the factors that could cause service failure and take appropriate measures against the target failure factor in advance. However, service failure factors are varied compared to physical products because service failures occur due to uncertainty elements such as human factors. In this study, we aim to enable service analysts to identify the critical failure factor from a number of failure factors. To achieve this, we identify complex failure factors and relationships among them from the viewpoint of the field where the service provided. This paper proposes a method for structuring the causal sequence between service failure factors by using a method of system modeling.
文摘The long-term effects of physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior on cardiovascular health in young people are not well understood. In this study, we use a narrative format to review the evidence for a prospective association with adiposity and other well-established biological cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young people, considering only studies with at least 2 years of follow-up. PA appears to elicit a long-term beneficial effect on adiposity and particularly markers of cardiovascular health. With adiposity, however, a few studies also reported that higher levels of PA were associated with higher levels of adiposity. Time spent sedentary does not appear to be related to adiposity or markers of cardiovascular health independent of PA. We then discuss the uncertainties in the underlying causal chain and consider a number of alternative modeling strategies, which could improve our understanding of the relationship in future studies. Finally, we consider the current methodology for assessing PA and sedentary time.
文摘Internal auditors hold a unique position in their organizations to prevent, deter, and detect corporate wrongdoings. However, the role of this profession in investigating their ethical decision-making behaviors towards internal whistle-blowing intentions has been very often neglected. Furthermore, although extensive researches have been undertaken on the issue of whistle blowing globally, empirical studies on this area are still scarce in Malaysia. This paper examines internal whistle-blowing intentions among internal auditors in Malaysia by utilizing three independent vignettes. A mail survey was conducted to investigate demographic and individual factors that could influence internal auditors' ethical decision-making processes. The likelihood for internal whistle-blowing intentions was significant among internal auditors' ethical judgments for all the three vignettes. Demographic factors (gender, age, and tenure) and other individual factors (locus of control and organizational commitment) failed to explain the likelihood of internal auditors' internal whistle-blowing intentions. Findings should aid researchers in their understandings of the determinants of individuals' internal whistle-blowing behaviors.
文摘The article epitomises its foundations by providing definitional and explanative dichotomy among the State, Nation, and Nation State. It affords a depiction of the centrality of the mind, the interface of the body and mind in behavioural manifestations. It furthermore acknowledges that nothing occurs in a vacuum but in the context of the fullness of the mind. The visible manifestations of human behaviour are contended to be informed by the noiselessness invisible aspects of the mind. The same noiseless mind that informs the behavioural visibility that becomes somewhat active and busier in its conspicuousness. The dual existence of things and events in a revolutionary context that transcends to other behavioural undertones is discoursed. In the context application of the revolutionary mapping, the mind is presented as a culprit revolutionarist that wages revolutions without fear of external threats through arrests, danger, pain, terror, dread, apprehension, detentions, and any other similar means including death. The article settles that the mind is the determinant factor of human behaviours and it therefore defines the state of the State in any revolutionary circumstance. It denotes a functional separatism of the mind from the brain which is an organ of the body thereby equally accepting that the brain functionalises the mind. The equal essential role of the mind in post revolution construction to establish and promote an acceptable system of government that responds to socio-economic factors is detailed herein the manuscript. A deliberate attempt is made not to be suggestive and prescriptive on the shape and form of such a post revolution system of government.
文摘The human error mechanism in coal mine safety is analyzed specifically from safety psychological and physiological factors, worker' s quality, safety management, safety education, mechanical equipment, and working environment, and also a human error' dominant factors classification model playing a great effect on the safety production of coal mine is established with the application of ant clustering algorithm. The experimental results show that management is the key in the human errors of coal mine.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201110)Young Talents Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS(NIGLAS2011QD03)
文摘The interactive effects of natural and human factors on ecosystems have been well studied, and the quantitative assessment of large-scale ecological vulnerability caused by natural and human factors is now one of the most active topics in the ifeld. Taking the Guangxi Xijiang River Economic Belt in southwest China (GXEB) as a case study, we assess ecological vulnerability based on the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) model. The indices system is decomposed into three sub objects, ten elements and 25 indicators layer by layer, which included factors from both natural and human ifelds. Results indicate that zones with lower, middle-lower, middle, middle-higher and higher vulnerability account for 11.31%, 22.63%, 27.60%, 24.39%, and 14.07%, respectively. The western and eastern parts of GXEB are more vulnerable than the central part and the mountain and urban areas are of higher vulnerability than the basins and river valleys. Compared with a vulnerability assessment based on natural factors only, it is concluded that human activities indeed cause the transition from naturally stable zones to vulnerable zones. The nature-dominated vulnerable zones are different with human-dominated ones in size and distribution, the latter being smaller, more scattered and distributed in urban areas and their surroundings. About 53%of total construction land is distributed in zones with middle and middle-higher ecological vulnerability;less vulnerable zones should attract construction in the future. Relevant suggestions are proposed on how to reduce vulnerability according to inducing factors. The VSD model has a signiifcant advantage in the quantitative evaluation of ecological vulnerability, but is insufficient to distinguish nature- or human-dominated vulnerability quantitatively.