企业人力资源效能提升研究

"人效"作为人力资源专业推动经营的支点,牵引着人力资源由"管理"走向"经营",将人力资源最大程度转化为收益,是增强组织能力和提高人力资源职能价值的绝佳的切入点。关于"人效",在人力资源效能相关的主要学术流派中有两种解读:一是人力资源有效性,指人力资源管理达成目标的程度,主要从用户反馈和实际产出来理解;二是人力资源效能,指人力资源管理的投入产出比,即将经营贡献与人力单位关联计算,以评估人力的投入是否产出了相应的效果。本文所探讨的"人效"是人力资源效能这一衡量企业人力资源价值、计量企业人力资源获利能力的指标。

Effect of pre-deformation on microstructures and mechanical properties of high purity Al-Cu-Mg alloy

The effects of pre-deformation following solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of aged high purity Al-Cu-Mg alloy were studied by tensile test, micro-hardness measurements, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The micro-hardness measurements indicate that compared with un-deformed samples, the peak hardness is increased and the time to reach peak hardness is reduced with increasing pre-strain. Additionally, a double-peak hardness evolution behavior of cold-rolled （CR） samples was observed during aging. The results of TEM observation show that the number density of S′（Al2CuMg） phase is increased and the size is decreased in CR alloy with increase of pre-strain. The peak hardness and peak strength of the CR alloy are increased because of quantity increasing and refinement of S′ phase and high density dislocation.

Yield Increasing and Quality Improving Effects of Smash-ridging Method("4453" Effects) and Its Potential in Benefiting the Nation and the People

Yuan Longping proposed that smash-ridging technology could be extend-ed widely nationwide. ln the research, smash-ridging technology reconstruct cultiva-tion layers with loose soils in agricultural fields, creating ＂4453＂ effects, as fol ows： ＂Four increases＂ include to increase loosen soil quantity in cultivation layers, soil nutri-ents use, ＂water pool＂ in soils, and ＂oxygen pool＂ in soils. Four reductions are to reduce soil erosion, carbon emission, salt content and heavy metal in soils. Five resistances refer to improve crop resistance capacity in terms of drought, high tem-perature, lower temperature, disease and lodging. Three improvements indicate to enhance photosynthetic efficiency over 10%, yield in 10%-30% and quality over 5%. lt is researched that without additional chemical fertilizer, yield could increase by 10% by labor force, animal, tractor or smash-ridging machine. What’s more, by smash-ridging cultivation, the depth can be 20 times or higher compared with tractor cultivation, with looser soils. lt is estimated that if smash-ridging cultivation is applied once in agricultural lands in China, present soil layers can be twice as deep as present. Specifical y, the thickness of loose soil-layers could be extended from 10-18 cm at present to 25-35 cm, and natural rainfal would increase by 40 bil ion cm3. After vitalization of soil nutrients, chemical fertilizer would decrease by 7 bil ion kg, and the increased c rops would feed more than 300 mil ion population as per yield at 7 50 kg/hm2.

The Nucleosides Contents and Their Variation in Natural Cordyceps sinensis and Cultured Cordyceps Mycelia

Aim: To compare the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia, and to study the effect of humidity and heat on the content of nucleosides. Methods: The contents of nucleosides were determined by using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Beckman P/ACE System 5010 apparatus equipped with a UV detector and a Beckman untreated fused-silica capillary (57 cm 75 mm, 50 cm effective length) was used. Before sample injection, the capillary was rinsed with 1 molL-1 sodium hydroxide solution and running buffer for 5 min, respectively. A voltage of 20 kV was applied for the separation. Pressure injection was 586 kPa for 6 seconds, and the wavelength of detector was 254 nm. The running time was 20 min at 20 oC. The effect of humidity and heat on the contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia was observed for 1, 3, 5 and 10 days at temperature 40 oC, and relative humidity 75%. Results: The content of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis was higher than that from cultured Cordyceps mycelia. But the contents of nucleosides from freshly collected natural Cordyceps sinensis were very low, even below the limit of quantitation. The contents of nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis were significantly increased by humidity and heat, but this phenomenon was not observed in cultured Cordyceps mycelia. Conclusion: There are differences between the nucleosides from natural Cordyceps sinensis and cultured Cordyceps mycelia. The nucleosides in natural Cordyceps sinensis may be derived from the degradation of nucleic acids. This implies that adenosine being used for the quality control of natural Cordyceps sinensis may have to be reconsidered.

Inchworm locomotion gait for snakelike robot

To establish a universal and easily controlled gait for practical use of snakelike robot movement, an inchworm locomotion gait model based on a serpenoid curve is presented. By analyzing the relations of two adjacent waves in the process of locomotion and doing an approximation of the serpenoid curve, the motion function of relative angles between two adjacent links and the absolute angles between each link and the baseline on the traveling curve are built. Two efficiency criterions of the gait are given as the energy loss function f and the unit displacement in one cycle dunit.Three parameters of the criterions affecting the efficiency of the gait （ the number of links that form the traveling wave n, the included angle between two adjacent links α, and the phase difference of adjacent included angles β） are discussed by simulations and experiments. The results show that f is insensitive to n; raising n increases dunit significantly; the maximum wave amplitude of α is a decreasing function of n; and increasing α reduces the displacement influence off when n is determined. The gait model is suitable for different inchworm locomotions of a snakelike robot whose traveling waves are formed by different numbers of identical links. A wave formed by more links or a greater relative angle between two adjacent links both lead to greater velocity of the movement.

Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Giant Pandas at the Wolong Breeding Center

The goal of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) breeding program is to develop a self sustaining,genetically diverse population.Due to the common problems about sexual incompatibility and a limited number of captive born males that breed naturally,artificial insemination (AI) has become a critical genetic management tool.It is common practice,however,to combine natural mating and AI using semen from non breeding males.From 1998 to 2000 at the Wolong breeding facility,12 of 18 (66.7%) females produced 20 cubs following combined natural mating and AI.The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of AI without natural breeding.In 1998 and 2000,seven females were anesthetized for transcervical AI on two consecutive days.Ejaculates from six males were collected by electroejaculation,diluted in an egg yolk diluent containing 0% or 4% glycerol and used either fresh or following cold storage at 4℃ (for 24 or 48 h) or cryopreservation using the pellet freezing method.Mean (±SEM) ejaculate traits in six male sperm donors were:ejaculate volume,3.3±0.5 ml;sperm concentration,1,429.8±235.4×10 6/ml;sperm motility,81.7±2.1%;progression (0～5,5=best),3.1±0.1;and normal sperm,79.3±9.2%.For AI (n = 14) in seven females,mean inseminate traits were:spermic volume inseminated,2.4±0.3 ml;sperm motility,73.5±2.9%;progression,2.5±0.1;and total motile sperm inseminated/AI,684.2±118.2×10 6.Four of seven (57.1%) females became pregnant and produced five cubs of which four survived.Mean gestation and litter size was 131.5±9.7 days and 1.3±0.3 cubs/litter,respectively.These results indicate that the efficiency of AI is sufficient for recovering valuable genes from non breeding individuals to enhance genetic diversity in the ex situ population of giant pandas.

Design and Realization of CPW Circuits Using EC-ANN Models for CPW Discontinuities

Novel accurate and efficient equivalent circuit trained artificial neural-network （EC-ANN） models,which inherit and improve upon EC model and EM-ANN models＇ advantages,are developed for coplanar waveguide （CPW） discontinuities. Modeled discontinuities include ： CPW step, interdigital capacitor, symmetric cross junction, and spiral inductor, for which validation tests are performed. These models allow for circuit design, simulation, and optimization within a CAD simulator. Design and realization of a coplanar lumped element band pass filter on GaAs using the developed CPW EC-ANN models are demonstrated.

Fingerprint analysis of different Panax herbal species by HPLC-UV method

Aim To establish a method for differentiating commercial samples of Panax species including notoginseng, cultivated ginseng （Chinese ginseng and Korean ginseng）, wild ginseng, red ginseng, three types of American ginsengs, and one American ginseng preparation with their HPLC fingerprints for assnrning the quality of different commercial samples of Panax species. Methods HPLC-UV method was used to establish their fingerprints, Zorbax Extend C18 （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm） was used as the analytical column, and acetonitrile/KH2PO4 aqueous solution was used as the mobile phase with gradient elution. Results The fingerprints of different commercial samples of Panax species varied in their holistic chromatograms and some specific constituents. Conclusion This method is reliable, reproducible and simple, It could be applied in the routine authentication of different commercial samples of Panax species

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographical Analysis of Ginsenosides in Panax ginseng,P.quinquef(?)lium and P.notoginseng

The compositions and contents of ginsenbsides in Panax ginseng,P.quinquefolium and P.notoginseng were determined and compared by reversed-phase High-Performance Liquid Chro- matography(HPLC).The method was performed on an Alltech Adsorbosphere HS C_(18) column,using 5×10^(-3)M NaH_2PO_4-H_3PO_4 buffer solution(pH 3.0)and acetonitrile-water(50:50)as gradient eluents. The baseline separation of ginsenosides Rb_1,Rb_2,Rb_1,Rc,Rd,Rf,Ro,and Re+Rg_1 was obtained in one analytical run.The ginsenosides are directly detected at 203 nm.The detection limit is 40μg at a signal to noise ratio of 3:1.The improved sample preparation and clean-up prior to injection with SEP-PAK C_(18)cartridge strongly reduced the front peaks caused by the impurities in the methanolic extracts of samples to afford a smooth baseline and clear background.The HPLC patterns of methanolic extracts mainly including the ginsenosides were found capable of serving as chemical fingerprints to differentiate the three species from each other.It was also found that there are no significant diffe- rences of the HPLC patterns between the wild Panax ginseng and the cultivated,the white and the red ginsengs,Chinese and Korean red ginsengs,and the tap roots of Panax ginseng collected in four consecutive months,only certain differences in contents of ginsenosides do exist.The contents of the nine major ginsenosides present in the rhizome,tap root and rootlet as well as the leaf of Panax quinquefolium were also determined and compared.

Combined effect of deformation and artificial aging on mechanical properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloy

The effect of pre-deformation followed by or together with artificial aging on the mechanical properties as strength and ductility of an AA6060 aluminium alloy was studied. AA6060 was initially cast, homogenized and extruded according to standard industrial practice. The extruded material was then subjected to a solution heat treatment and subsequently artificial aging after （sequential mode） and during （simultaneous mode） various combinations of deformation （0-10%） and heat treatments. The aging behaviour and mechanical properties were characterized in terms of Vickers hardness and tensile testing. It is found that precipitation kinetics and associated mechanical response, in terms of hardness and tensile properties are strongly affected by pre-deformations. In terms of aging behaviour, kinetics is accelerated and the peak strength generally increases. Comparing sequential mode and simultaneous mode, the latter seems to give overall better mechanical properties and after considerably shorter aging times. The results of the two modes of pre-deformation are compared and discussed in view of differences in processing conditions and microstructure characteristics.

Effect of solution treatment and artificial aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy

In order to achieve good mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloys such as high strength and good toughness,precipitation hardening and artificial aging treatment were applied.As defined by the T6 heat treatment,the standard artificial aging treatment for Al-Cu alloy followed heat treatments of solution treatment at 510-530 ℃ for 2 h,quenching in water at 60 ℃ and then artificial aging at 160-190 ℃ for 2-8 h.The effects of solution treatment and artificial aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy were studied by optical microscopy（OM）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS）,transmission electron microscopy（TEM） and tensile test.The results of solution treatment indicate that the mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy increase and then decrease with the increase of solution temperature.This is because the residual phases dissolve gradually into the matrix,and the fraction of the precipitation and the size of the re-crystallized grain increased.Compared to the solution temperature,the solution holding time has less effect on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloy.The artificial aging treatments were conducted at 160-180 ℃ for 2-8 h.The results show that the ultimate tensile strength can be obtained at 180 ℃ for 8 h.Ultimate tensile strength increased with increasing time or temperature.Yield strength was found as the same as the ultimate tensile strength result.

Capecitabine and irinotecan with and without bevacizumab for advanced colorectal cancer patients

AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine plus irinotecan±bevacizumab in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer patients. METHODS:Forty six patients with previously untreated,locally-advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC) were recruited between 2001-2006 in a prospective open-label phaseⅡtrial,in German community-based outpatient clinics.Patients received a standard capecitabine plus irinotecan(CAPIRI) or CAPIRI plus bevacizumab(CAPIRI-BEV) regimen every 3 wk. Dose reductions were mandatory from the first cycle in cases of>grade 2 toxicity.The treatment choice of bevacizumab was at the discretion of the physician.Theprimary endpoints were response and toxicity and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS:In the CAPIRI group vs the CAPRI-Bev group there were more female than male patients(47% vs 24%) ,and more patients had colon as the primary tumor site(58.8%vs 48.2%) with fewer patients having sigmoid colon as primary tumor site(5.9%vs 20.7%) .Grade 3/4 toxicity was higher with CAPIRI than CAPIRI-Bev:82%vs 58.6%.Partial response rates were 29.4%and 34.5%,and tumor control rates were 70.6%and 75.9%,respectively.No complete responses were observed.The median progression-free survival was 11.4 mo and 12.8 mo for CAPIRI and CAPIRI-Bev,respectively.The median overall survival for CAPIRI was 15 mo(458 d) and for CAPIRI-Bev 24 mo(733 d) .These differences were not statistically different.In the CAPIRI-Bev,group,two patients underwent a full secondary tumor resection after treatment,whereas in the CAPIRI group no cases underwent this procedure. CONCLUSION:Both regimens were well tolerated and offered effective tumor growth control in this outpatient setting.Severe gastrointestinal toxicities and thromboembolic events were rare and if observed were never fatal.

Effects of artificial aging conditions on mechanical properties of gravity cast B356 aluminum alloy

The age hardening behavior of gravity cast B356 aluminum alloy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), hardness measurements and tensile tests. Three different artificial aging temperatures were selected, namely 155, 165 and 180 °C, with heat treatment time from 40 min to 32 h. DSC analysis results show that cluster formation begins below room temperature(at around-10 °C). Since cluster formation influences the subsequent precipitation of the main strengthening β'' phase, it can be inferred that a delay between solutionizing and artificial aging has a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy. It was also confirmed that the hardness and the tensile properties of the alloy reach the maximum values when β'' phase is completely developed during the artificial aging. This happens after 16 h for samples aged at 155 °C, after 6 h for samples aged at 165 °C and after 4 h for samples aged at 180 °C. A subsequent decrease of the mechanical properties, observed only in the sample aged at the highest temperature, with increasing aging time can be associated with the transformation of the coherent β'' phase into the semi-coherent β' phase. Finally, the activation energy associated with the precipitation of β'' phase was calculated to be 57.2 k J/mol.

Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of an Al-Cu-Li alloy subjected to rolling and aging

The mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Cu-Li alloy sheets subjected to cryorolling(-100 ° C,-190 ℃) or hot rolling(400 ℃) and subsequent aging at 160 ℃ for different times were investigated. The dynamic precipitation and dislocation characterizations were examined via transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The grain morphologies and the fracture-surface morphologies were studied via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Samples subjected to cryorolling followed by aging exhibited relatively high dislocation densities and a large number of precipitates compared with hot-rolled samples. The samples cryorolled at-190 ℃ and then aged for 15 h presented the highest ultimate tensile strength(586 MPa), while the alloy processed via hot rolling followed by 10 h aging exhibited the highest uniform elongation rate(11.5%). The size of precipitates increased with the aging time, which has significant effects on the interaction mechanism between dislocations and precipitates. Bowing is the main interaction method between the deformation-induced dislocations and coarsened precipitates during tensile tests, leading to the decline of the mechanical properties of the alloy during overaging. These interesting findings can provide significant insights into the development of materials possessing both excellent strength and high ductility.

Empirical Study on the Effect of Abolishing Agricultural Tax on Farmers' Income

The panel dataset which covered the socio-economic data of 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous region） in China from 2000-2007 was used to do empirical analysis on the effect of abolishing agricultural taxes on farmers＇ income by referring to the fixed effect estimation method. It found that the abolition of agricultural taxes increased farmer＇s net income per capita by 2%. Combining with the results of empirical analysis, related policy suggestions were put forward to increase farmers＇ income.

Effect of heat treatment conditions on microstructure and wear behaviour of Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy

Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy is an age-hardenable aluminum alloy. The effect of different solution and aging heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the alloy was studied. The cast specimens were solution treated and then artificially aged. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructures of the specimens. The hardness and wear tests were applied to understanding the effects of heat treatment. After aging for 8 h, the hardness of the alloy increases from HV 10 96.5 to 151.1. Aging treatment for a longer duration causes a drop in the hardness because of over aging. Increasing the hardness of the alloy increases the wear resistance. As a result of all tests, solution heat treatment at 540 °C for 8 h and aging at 190 °C for 8 h were chosen for optimum heat treatment conditions for this alloy.

New correction method for controlled-source electromagnetics source effects

A novel method for source effect correction based on integral equation method is proposed.By taking the electrical horizontal field Ex of current source as an example,the correction method is validated using both simulated data and field data.The results show that the correction method is feasible and effective for isotropic media.When the field data are processed,the correction method normalizes the sources with different geological structures,which eliminates the geological difference among sources,and retains the geological difference among receivers.The correction results are in line with the expectation in whole.

Molecular cross-talk between Helicobacter pylori and human gastric mucosa

Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) has co-evolved with humans to be transmitted from person to person and to colonize the stomach persistently.A well-choreographed equilibrium between the bacterial effectors and host responses permits microbial persistence and health of the host,but confers a risk for serious diseases including gastric cancer.During its long coexistence with humans,H.pylori has developed complex strategies to limit the degree and extent of gastric mucosal damage and in? ammation,as well as immune effector activity.The present editorial thus aims to introduce and comment on major advances in the rapidly developing area of H.pylori/human gastric mucosa interaction (and its pathological sequelae),which is the result of millennia of co-evolution of,and thus of reciprocal knowledge between,the pathogen and its human host.

Effects of yttrium addition and aging on mechanical properties of AA2024 fabricated through multi-step stir casting

The effects of yttrium and artificial aging on AA2024 alloy were investigated.The developed samples were further subjected to artificial aging at 190℃for 1-10 h with an interval of 1 h.The metallurgical characterization was done by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction.The mechanical characterization like hardness and tensile strength of the samples was done using computerized Vickers hardness testing machine and universal testing machine.The microstructures revealed that addition of yttrium refined theα(Al)matrix and led to the formation of Al-Cu-Y intermetallic in the shape of Chinese script which strengthened the samples.Compared to the base metal,samples with yttrium addition showed better mechanical properties.The sample reinforced with 0.3 wt.%yttrium showed the highest mechanical properties with the hardness of 66 HV,UTS of 223 MPa,YS of 180 MPa,and elongation of 20.9%.The artificially aged samples showed that the peak hardening of all the samples took place within 5 h of aging at 190℃with Al2 Cu precipitation.Aging changed the intermetallic from Chinese script to the fibrous form.The optimum amount of yttrium addition to AA2024 was found to be 0.3 wt.%.

Factors affecting the quality of life of patients after gastrectomy as assessed using the newly developed PGSAS-45 scale: A nationwide multi-institutional study

AIM To identify certain clinical factors other than the type of gastrectomy which affect the postoperative quality of life(QOL) of patients after gastrectomy.METHODS The postgastrectomy syndrome assessment scale(PGSAS)-45 was designed to assess the severity of symptoms, the living status and the QOL of gastrectomized patients. It consists of 45 items, of which 22 are original items while 23 were retrieved from the SF-8 and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale questionnaires with permission. A nationwide surveillance study to validate PGSAS was conducted and 2368 gastric cancer patients who underwent various types of gastrectomy at 52 medical institutions were enrolled. Of these, 1777 patients who underwent total gastrectomy(TG) reconstructed with Roux-Y(n = 393), distal gastrectomy(DG) reconstructed with Billroth-I(n = 909), or DG reconstructed with Roux-Y(n = 475) were evaluated in the current study. The influence of the type of gastrectomy and other clinical factors such as age, sex, duration after surgery, the symptom severity, the degree of weight loss, dietary intake, and the ability for working on the postoperative QOL(i.e., dissatisfaction for daily life subscale, physical component summary and mental component summary of the SF-8) were examined by multiple regression analysis(MRA). In addition, importance of various symptoms such as esophageal reflux, abdominal pain, meal-related distress, indigestion, diarrhea, constipation and dumping on the postoperative living status and QOL were also appraised by MRA.RESULTS The postoperative QOL were significantly deteriorated in patients who underwent TG compared to those after DG. However, the extent of gastrectomy was not an influential factor on patients' QOL when adjusted by the MRA. Among various clinical factors, the symptom severity, ability for working, and necessity for additional meals were the most influential factorsto the postoperative QOL. As for the individual symptoms, meal-related distress, dumping, abdominal pain, and esophageal reflux significantly affected the postoperative QOL in that order, while the influence of indigestion, diarrhea and constipation was insignificant. CONCLUSION Several clinical factors such as the symptom severity(especially in meal-related distress and dumping), ability for working and necessity for additional meals were the main factors which affected the patients' wellbeing after gastrectomy.