从“人机共存”到“人机共生”——人机权力关系的可能性反转与重构

随着人工智能技术的发展和人形机器人即将实现大规模量产,人类社会正迈入“人机共存”时代。AIGC作为生产力工具,已逐渐引起社会生产关系的变化,这也预示着人机关系的日臻复杂。因此,展望并思考未来的人机关系成为摆在我们面前的一个时代课题。引入黑格尔主奴辩证法,旨在探讨人机关系的辩证性。人机关系本质上体现了现实的人与智能机器人之间的权力与伦理责任关系,二者的“共存”是“共生”的前提,“共生”是“共存”的内在价值诉求。为实现从“共存”到“共生”的顺利过渡,我们需要从人、人—机、人—人三个方面构建“人机共生”策略。首先,通过理性、肯定和否定的内在反思,回归人的本质,以维护人的自主性和自由意志;其次,正确认识技术与人性的内在联系,努力实现虚拟实践与真实实践的有机融合,促成人机之间相互塑造、共同成就的良性互动;最后,通过减少对“物”的依赖、回归“现实的人”、“以机为镜”和“众包式参与”,实现人机关系的现实超越,构建一个更为和谐、平等且充满尊严的“人机共生”未来。

人工智能时代的政府治理：挑战与应对

人工智能作为一项颠覆性技术,将对政府治理产生深刻影响。随着人工智能广泛深入地嵌入政府治理的各环节和领域,传统政府治理的技术体系、价值目标、伦理结构乃至思维理念都会遭遇冲击和挑战。因此,作为集应用者和治理者双重角色于一体的政府,应高度重视人工智能的影响,加强对人工智能相关知识的宣传和讲解,加大人工智能在政府治理中的开发和应用力度,加快制定相关法律法规,建立健全相关制度体系,完善政府治理伦理结构。

Recent Researches of Bioactive Metabolites in Marine Organisms-associated Microorganisms

Recent researches have shown that some compounds isolated from marine organisms have striking structural similarities with the metabolites from known microorganisms. It is inferred from the researches that the symbiotic or associated marine microorganisms may be the true sources of those compounds or at least involved in the biosynthesizing process. This view has been further evidenced by the researches for many sponges and sponge-associated microorganisms. Importantly, growing evidence has highlighted that the symbiotic or associated marine microorganisms live in the microenvironment within the hosts, and they also produce secondary metabolites which are new and original in structure and unique in activity. All these suggest that the microorganisms associated with marine organisms are the sources with very high potential to be new natural bioactive agents. This article reviews briefly the research advances in the study of new bioactive metabolites from marine organisms-associated microorganisms since 2000.