In recent years, China＇s aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resul...In recent years, China＇s aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China＇s current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China＇s retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on ＂flexible retirement system.＂展开更多
We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of...We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of diet and feeding tactics of these species in different seasons. Lake whitefish supports important commercial fisheries in Lake Huron and both species make use of habitats near the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. Most fish of both species showed generalist feeding behavior, but some lake whitefish appeared to show specialist prey selection. The invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus was an important component of the diet of both species. There was considerable dietary overlap between the whitefish species, but the ecological implications of these dietary overlaps are mitigated by the fact that dominant prey species differed in most seasons. We conclude that the potential for ecologically significant interactions between lake whitefish and round whitefish resulting from competition for similar benthic food resources in the main basin of Lake Huron is probably low [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 109-117, 2010].展开更多
Delayed retirement is the current policy trend, but how to reduce the resistance of policy implementation, to ensure the smooth implementation of the policy, the government needs to consider the next issue. A few year...Delayed retirement is the current policy trend, but how to reduce the resistance of policy implementation, to ensure the smooth implementation of the policy, the government needs to consider the next issue. A few years or even ten years ago, some western countries are also facing the problem of aging population .In this paper, by referring to the experience of other countries, taking into account the situation of our country, the paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions in the context of progressive retirement policy：. First, strengthen the incentive mechanism, so that workers gradually tend to work for a period of time; two, strengthen the pension insurance to pay more than the incentive oriented, which can delay the retirement pension in the appropriate level to be compensated, the development of the three pillar of the social endowment insurance system; three, standard retirement re employment policy.展开更多
On the basis of a description of the framework of China＇s urban and rural old-age security system and major security policies, this study examines the operation of the old-age security system currently in effect. Fro...On the basis of a description of the framework of China＇s urban and rural old-age security system and major security policies, this study examines the operation of the old-age security system currently in effect. From the point of view of setting up a system that would cover both urban and rural areas, we can see problems with the current system, including a development imbalance between urban and rural social security, wide gaps between different groups, the absence, fragmentation and artificial segmentation of the social security system, blurred government responsibility, etc. The paper goes on to propose establishing an old-age subsidy for urban and rural residents without income security, improving basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in urban areas, reforming the superannuation schemes of government organizations and public institutions, and setting up rural oldage insurance.展开更多
文摘In recent years, China＇s aging population continues to accelerate the process, so that our aging population and the pension system is generated between the sustainable development of the serious contradictions, resulting in a waste of human resources, increasing the operating pressure pensions, working hours inequity the negative impact on the existing retirement system challenges. Recently, the delay of the retirement age controversy sparked widespread concern in the community, the paper is as a starting point, a comprehensive analysis of the social contradictions of the current status of China＇s current retirement system, drawing on the successful adjustment of retirement abroad experience from multiple perspectives demonstrates the urgency of delayed retirement age and feasibility. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter proposes the research background and significance of the age of retirement, as well as domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of research in the retirement age. The second chapter describes the status of China＇s retirement system, the contradiction between the implementation of the background, family problems and the current retirement age and the aging population about three aspects. The third chapter analyzes the feasibility to extend the retirement age. Chapter IV presents a delayed retirement policies and recommendations, with emphasis on ＂flexible retirement system.＂
基金part of a large, collaborative project (Whitefish Interactions with Nuclear Generating Stations, WINGS) involving the Chippewas of Nawash First Nation, the University of Guelph, Bruce Power, Inc.and Ontario Power Generation
文摘We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of diet and feeding tactics of these species in different seasons. Lake whitefish supports important commercial fisheries in Lake Huron and both species make use of habitats near the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. Most fish of both species showed generalist feeding behavior, but some lake whitefish appeared to show specialist prey selection. The invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus was an important component of the diet of both species. There was considerable dietary overlap between the whitefish species, but the ecological implications of these dietary overlaps are mitigated by the fact that dominant prey species differed in most seasons. We conclude that the potential for ecologically significant interactions between lake whitefish and round whitefish resulting from competition for similar benthic food resources in the main basin of Lake Huron is probably low [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 109-117, 2010].
文摘Delayed retirement is the current policy trend, but how to reduce the resistance of policy implementation, to ensure the smooth implementation of the policy, the government needs to consider the next issue. A few years or even ten years ago, some western countries are also facing the problem of aging population .In this paper, by referring to the experience of other countries, taking into account the situation of our country, the paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions in the context of progressive retirement policy：. First, strengthen the incentive mechanism, so that workers gradually tend to work for a period of time; two, strengthen the pension insurance to pay more than the incentive oriented, which can delay the retirement pension in the appropriate level to be compensated, the development of the three pillar of the social endowment insurance system; three, standard retirement re employment policy.
文摘On the basis of a description of the framework of China＇s urban and rural old-age security system and major security policies, this study examines the operation of the old-age security system currently in effect. From the point of view of setting up a system that would cover both urban and rural areas, we can see problems with the current system, including a development imbalance between urban and rural social security, wide gaps between different groups, the absence, fragmentation and artificial segmentation of the social security system, blurred government responsibility, etc. The paper goes on to propose establishing an old-age subsidy for urban and rural residents without income security, improving basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in urban areas, reforming the superannuation schemes of government organizations and public institutions, and setting up rural oldage insurance.
