后危机时代“低碳”经济复苏战略的国际经验与启示——以美国和德国为例

进入后危机时代,各国特别是主要发达经济体积极寻找新的经济增长点,"低碳"经济复苏将是后危机时代引领经济复苏的重要模式。以美国和德国为代表的发达经济体在法律框架、政策措施和机构设置方面为"低碳"复苏模式创造了有利条件。在全球经济危机的冲击下,我国经济也面临转变增长方式、突破增长"瓶颈"的严峻挑战。在这方面,作为发达经济体代表的美国和德国的做法可以给我国许多有益启示。

从“低碳”竞争理念审视中国焊管业在新形势下的发展战略

因全球气候变暖而提出的减少温室气体排放和"低碳"经济等新概念,使世界进入了"低碳"时代。从HFW焊管的成型方式、焊接方式、高频电源的形式、高中频机的频率选择、焊管原材料的成型方式、节约钢材以及单体设备的选型等方面详细阐述了节能环保的具体措施和焊管行业的"低碳"潜力。并提出我国焊管行业应该转变观念,调整产业结构,进入"低碳"的发展模式,从而增加焊管的"低碳"竞争力。

以科技创新促进节能减排的战略研究

科技创新技术在促进节能减排方面起着重要的作用。通过提高能源利用效率和减少排放,可以实现可持续发展。当前,人工智能、大数据分析和机器学习等技术在能源管理和工业生产方面的应用正处于快速发展阶段。同时,开发新材料也是重要的科技创新方向之一。通过持续加大对科技创新的投入,我们可以进一步推动科技创新的发展,为节能减排做出更大的贡献。

“低碳”也需道德驱动

发展低碳经济、建设低碳社会、构建生态世界，受到普遍认可。生活中，口头上喊着“低碳”，行动上无视“低碳”的现象随处可见。节能、低耗、减排的观念在一些官兵身上还没有得到较好体现。究其原因，他们没有把“低碳”理念作为一种基本的道德要求来约束自己。

Global Trend of Low-carbon Economy and China's Responses

Based on the analysis on the global economic crisis,climate change crisis and their mutual underlying reasons,the authors believe that low-carbon economy has become an inevitable choice to break through the dual crises,coordinate the economic development,and protect the global climate.The global trend of low-carbon economy finds expression in Green Recovery currently,while,in a long run,it will give rise to a new pattern of world competition in politics,economy,technology,trade and finance.The impact of the global trend of low-carbon economy on China can not be overlooked,and it is both a challenge and an opportunity for China＇s future development.Based on comparative studies on the low-carbon economy of China,the U.S.,EU and Japan,the authors conclude that China should blaze a new path of lowcarbon economy development with Chinese characteristics,and the authors have put forward relevant countermeasures for China to address the global trend of low-carbon economy from angles of countries,enterprises and the public

China's adjustment of climate change policies:what lessons can be learned from the US?

From the US New Energy Plan, personnel appointment, and diplomatic activities, etc., we can see that US is now on the way to returning to the negotiation table and undertaking the leadership in addressing climate change. What US has done puts tremendous challenges on China, which emits large amount of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. However, different from US, China is undergoing rapid development, and huge energy consumption is unavoidable. China has to make a balance between developing economy and addressing climate change. This paper focuses on the US climate change policies and its greenhouse gas emissions, and its influences on China climate change policy. China greenhouse gas emissions and relative policies are also analyzed to see what situation China is in, and what challenges that China is facing. Consequently, combing China's local situation, we propose several solutions for China to address climate change, i.e. moving towards a low carbon economy, struggling for emitting more, enhancing China-US cooperation, and implementing different climate change policies based on local situation. Meanwhile, the achievements that China has made are also introduced.

Developing newly emerging high-end industries in the low-carbon economy

Global warming has exerted severe challenges on the sustainable development of economic society and the food security,resource security,energy security and ecological security of the world.Low-carbon economy has become the current trend of the global economic development.Thus,the industrial development of China must seek the institutional innovation and technological innovation so as to improve the efficiency of energy.High-end industry has become the main factor of the future development of the economic society.Thus,to develop the high-end industry is an important approach to realize low-carbon economy.This paper explores the strategies of the development of newly emerging high-end industries against the background of low-carbon economy form such perspectives as effective use of resources,the improvement of independent innovative ability,and leading the high-end,high quality and high efficiency industries to the important region.

Thoughts on the development of low-carbon furniture standards system

The development of Low-carbon Economy has been widely recognized around the world. Building low- carbon furniture standards system is an important content of furniture standardization, which is helpful to promote energy conservation, reduce the carbon footprint, and then prevent global warming. This paper analyzes status quo of furniture standards of China, states the importance of development of low-carbon furniture standards system, put forward some ideas on development of the low-carbon furniture standards system through all links in the low-carbon furniture production.

China’s Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy:2006-2010

China achieved major progress in low-carbon development during the period of the 11th Five Year Plan (2006-2010). The increasing trend of energy intensity and carbon intensity of the economy as seen prior to 2005 was reversed to a sharp decreasing trend, leading to a 19% decrease in energy intensity and 21% decrease in carbon intensity in five years. The enhanced energy efficiency, mostly due to efficiency improvement in power and manufacturing sector, is the major driver of the decrease in carbon intensity of the economy. The development of renewable energy, despite its impressive growth rate, played a minor role because of its small share in the energy mix of the country. Energy con-sumption and energy-related carbon emissions per unit of area in building continued to grow at a lesser rate, which, combined with the fast growth of total building volume, led to fast growth in total energy consumption and carbon emissions in the sector. Similar trend is observed in the transportation sector whose total energy use and carbon emissions continued to grow fast despite slight improvement in energy efficiency. Agricultural energy use experienced a slight change and forestry made a major contribution to carbon sinks. Policy and institutional innovations helped build a solid system of rules for low-carbon development. Improving cost effectiveness of the system remains a major challenge for the next five year plan period.

CO2 emission driving forces and corresponding mitigation strategies under low-carbon economy mode:evidence from China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

On account of the background of China's "new normal" characterized by slower economic growth, this paper analyses the low-carbon economy status quo in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and empirically investigates the relationship between carbon dioxide(CO_2) emissions and its various factors for China's Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region using panel data econometric technique. We find evidence of existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve. Results also show that economic scale, industrial structure, and urbanization rate are crucial factors to promote CO_2emissions. However, technological progress, especially the domestic independent research and development, plays a key role in C0_2 emissions abatement. Next, we further analyze the correlation between each subregion and various factors according to Grey Relation Analysis. Thereby,our findings provide important implications for policymakers in air pollution control and C0_2 emissions reduction for this region.

Planning Strategic Sustainable Development in Malaysia by Incorporating the Concept of Low Carbon Society

Malaysia has undergone rapid urbanization and economic growth for past decades and is expected to continue to have an average economic grow at 5%-6% per annum in the next five years. This phenomenon of growth and pursuit of socio-economic progress has great impact not only on the economy but also on community life style and environment. The concept of sustainable development was adopted by Malaysia government as early as mid 1990s to address some of the emerging environmental issues and more specifically on climate change issues recently. Malaysia government announced a commitment of voluntary 40% reduction in CO2 emission intensity by 2020 during the Conference of Party （COP15） meeting in Copenhagen in 2009. In parallel to this commitment of CO2 emission reduction, the concept of sustainable development in urban planning should incorporate a more comprehensive and quantitative approach in the preparation of development plan as well as in exercising the routine development control practice at the local planning authority. This paper prepares a quantitative scenario study on the establishment of low carbon society in Iskandar Malaysia.

Research on Low Carbon and Reduction Emission for Transportation Industry in China

The low carbon of sustainable development of ecological economy is sweeping across the world. The logistic industry plays a key role in the economic development, which influences emission and impact of the theory of low carbon. This paper analyzes the energy consumption and carbon emission in different modes in transportation, and provides reasonable suggestions on low carbon and reduction emission for transportation industry in China.

Interaction between Standardization and Low-Carbon Economic Development

Low-Carbon economy is the main direction of China＇s sustainable development in the future, in which technical innovation is the key. Standardization and low-carbon economy interact with each other and develop together in the principle of continuous improvement and spiral progress. They embed the social development system in a flexible mode of technical penetration, and become the important links in the industrialization chain of technical innovation. Standardization promotes the low-carbon economic development in seven aspects including ＂systematic coordination and overall promotion＂, ＂technical accumulation and innovative diffusion＂, ＂quality improvement and waste reduction＂, ＂continuous improvement and spiral progress＂, ＂barrier elimination and cooperation enhancement＂, ＂technical support for market mechanism＂ and ＂local standards and regional emission reduction＂, etc. This paper is a periodical research achievement of Two-oriented Society.

Research on China＇s financial development mode on low- carbon econom7 background

With China＇s rapid economic development, environmental issues and social development issues become increasingly prominent, global warming, fog and haze, urban environmental pollution is becoming a major obstacle to China＇s sustainable development. In this context, the development of low-carbon economy has become the focus of urban construction and economic development. Carbon finance, as a product of low-carbon economy in the context of financial innovation, combines the low-carbon industries and economic development together, and has significant effects on low-carbon economy development and low-carbon urban construction. To build financial support system under the low-carbon economy circumstance, to develop carbon finance, is the necessary way China has to go through to develop a low-carbon economy, and also is the inevitable reouirement to achieve sustainable economic development.

Discussion on the Construction of low-carbon electricity technology innovation system

With the issue of climate change increasingly restricting the sustainable development of society, people must realize that we must control atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a certain level. However, the traditional model of economic development will lead to human demand for energy continuing to grow, followed by a growth in emissions of carbon dioxide. Obviously we must ensure that there is rapid economic development, but also to protect the human living environment, which is a very sharp contradiction. A good solution to this conflict is to take a new model of development --- a low-carbon economy. The so-called low-carbon economy refers to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the application of new technologies, new materials and new practices, etc., through improvements, optimization or innovative production and business activities, to achieve the maximum degree of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and the formation of a new economic development model, the goal is to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable human development. On how to develop a low-carbon economy, domestic and foreign scholars have been studied from many angles, one of which is a consensus to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the development and use of low-carbon technologies.

Low-carbon scenario and technologies in modern city——Case study of Shenyang

From a multi-dimensional perspective of economic development,carbon dioxide and industrial pollutant emission and resource consumption in the case study of Shenyang,this paper analyzes the resource consumption and environmental impact in the process of urban economic development and low-carbon transition and evaluates the emission reduction potential and scenario of various technologies. The results show that city plays a key role in global low-carbon economic construction,and it is pointed out that emission reduction technology in urban scale can reduce total amount of carbon emission to substantial extent. From the aspect of future development,the input of technology and economic growth pattern should be strengthened so as to realize economic development as well as the total amount reduction of pollutant emission.

Black or Green?Economic Growth Patterns in China under Low Carbon Economy Targets

Achieving dual goals of economic growth and carbon emission reduction is a major issue in China. In this paper we deifne three economic growth patterns （green growth, brown growth and black growth） according to the relationship between economic scale and carbon emissions, and then trace the historical trajectory of economic growth over the last 40 years. Granger causality is used to test China’s economic growth and carbon emission linkage. We argue that green growth means that the rate of carbon emission reduction is faster than the increase in GDP. When carbon intensity reduction is slower than GDP growth, brown growth occurs. Black growth occurs when both carbon intensity and economic scale increase. For China, we denote the four periods of black growth （1971–1977）, brown growth （1978–2001）, black growth （2002–2004）, and brown growth （2004–2010）. Granger causality tests indicate that mutual causality between carbon emissions and economic growth exists in the short term, but not the long term. In order to achieve the goals of economic growth and carbon intensity reduction, it is necessary for China to actively participate in global carbon reduction activities, technological innovation and ecological civilization construction.

Application of Solar Power in Less Developed Regions Under the Background of Low-Carbon Economy

Development of a low-carbon economy and reduction of carbon emissions is the trend of future global socio-economic change, and the only way to mitigate climate change under the frame- work of sustainable development. Based on the concept of a low-carbon economy, the author at- tempts to find a way for underdeveloped regions, which can satisfy their own development without increasing the pressure on the local environment. Taking Guizhou Suiyang as an example, the solar power designed in the land application provides a solve the issue of power supply. low-carbon case study of underdeveloped areas to solve the issue of power supply.