八段锦锻炼对“体弱”大学生身体自尊与运动动机的影响

目的:了解八段锦锻炼对"体弱"大学生身体自尊和运动动机的影响。方法:选取南京某两所高校大一体育保健班(自然班)学生为实验对象随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组进行八段锦锻炼干预。结果:(1)实验前实验组与对照组在身体自尊及其各维度得分、内部动机、外部动机得分以及无动机得分均无显著差异(P>0.05),实验后实验组与对照组除在身体自我价值和身体吸引力维度得分差异不显著外(P>0.05),身体自尊总得分及其他各维度得分、内部动机、外部动机得分以及无动机得分均有显著差异或非常显著性差异水平(P<0.05、P<0.01);(2)实验组干预后身体自尊及其各维度得分均有提高,身体自尊总分、运动技能、身体状况、身体吸引力和身体素质差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05,ES值在0.465~0.978);实验组干预后内部动机、外部动机得分均有提高,无动机得分下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05,ES值在0.570~1.262);(3)通过相关分析表明,"体弱"大学生总体身体自尊实验前后得分差值与内部动机、外部动机实验前后得分差值均呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),其中身体吸引力维度与外部动机呈正相关(P<0.05),身体状况维度与内部动机呈正相关(P<0.01),而运动技能维度与内部动机和外部动机都呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:八段锦锻炼能够提高"体弱"大学生的身体自尊和运动动机水平,且随着身体自尊水平尤其是"运动技能"水平的提高,其运动动机水平也相应提高。

“密”与王粲诗歌“体弱”关系考论

过多的铺陈、夸张手法的运用以及相同句式的重复使用等,使王粲的诗歌表现出了过"密"的客观效果,这是其诗歌"体弱"的重要原因之一。尽管如此,王粲诗歌的结构之"密"对其表现出的"体弱"或多或少产生了一些补救效果。王粲诗歌的这种现象,从艺术手法上看,是其将赋的创作手法移借到诗歌创作中的结果;从作家才性和创作心理上讲,则是王粲"溢才"和"躁竞"共同作用的结果。

Fluvial reservoir characterization and identification:A case study from Laohekou Oilfield

Finding channel sandbodies is an important task in oil and gas exploration due to the importance of fluvial reservoirs. It is difficult to describe fluvial reservoirs in detail owing to their frequent changes and serious intersections, as well as limitations of S/N ratio and seismic data resolution. Based on the Laohekou 3D data in Shengli Oilfield, we analyze the general characteristics of fluvial reservoirs in this area, from which we find that they are characterized by strong amplitudes on seismic profiles, high continuity on time slices, and low frequency in the frequency domain. In addition, a cluster of strong string-bead- like reflections was found after color processing and detailed interpretation. To understand this observation, we conduct forward modeling to explain the mechanism. This provides a new way to identify ancient channels in similar areas. By using the multi-attribute fusion and RGB display techniques, channel incision is more obvious and the characteristics of the channel structures are manifested much better. Finally, we introduce and apply multi-wavelet detection technology to identify weaker fluvial reservoir signals.

Effects of Shading on Photosynthetic Properties of Canopy and Single Leaf of Winter Wheat

[Objective] The aim was to study on the effects of long-term low radiation on canopy apparent photosynthetic rate （CAP） and photosynthetic properties of top three leaves of winter wheat, especially the flag leaf. [Method] Two winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L） cultivars, Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 11, which differed in low radiation resistance, were used to measure the CAP, photosynthetic rate （Pn） of the top three leaves, chlorophyll content of flag leaf and grain yield. In the test, three treatments were designed from jointing to maturity, as follows： control without shad- ing （So）, S1 and S2 treatments with 22% and 33% sunshine shaded. [Result] CAP of Yangmai 158 and Yangmai 11 declined with shading. Under low radiation, Pn of flag leaf declined significantly, while no obvious effects were found on Pn of the 2nd leaf, and Pn of the 3rn leaf increased significantly, which partially compensated the decrease of Pn of the flag leaf. In addition, the compensation effect differed in shading and cultivars： compensation effect in S1 group was higher than that of S2 and effect of Yangmai 158 was higher than that of Yangmai 11. During the period of high Pn. shading decreased the content of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, b, and a/b. [Conclusion] Under low radiation, the decrease of chlorophyll a and a/b led to substantial declining of Pn. and CAP declined accordingly, finally resulting in drop of grain yield. The research provides important theoretical basis for wheat production in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

Relativistic Magnetosonic Solitary Wave in Magnetized Multi-Ion Plasma

In the presence of an applied uniform magnetic field Bo, the properties of 2-dimensional （2D） magnetosonic solitary waves of relativistic amplitude in the plasma containing electron, light ions He^＋, and heavy ions O＋ are presented. In the weakly relativistic limit, a Kadomtsev Petviashvili （KP） equation is derived by reductive perturbation method. We give the N-soliton solution of the KP equation and find dromion solutions of a potential of the physical field. The interaction law of the dromions is obtained, which shows there is no exchange of energy, momentum, and angular momentum before and after interaction of the dromions except for phase shifts.

Development of a multivariate empirical model for predicting weak rock mass modulus

Estimating weak rock mass modulus has historically proven difficult although this mechanical property is an important input to many types of geotechnical analyses. An empirical database of weak rock mass modulus with associated detailed geotechnical parameters was assembled from plate loading tests per- formed at underground mines in Nevada, the Bakhtiary Dam project, and Portugues Dam project. The database was used to assess the accuracy of published single-variate models and to develop a multivari- ate model for predicting in-situ weak rock mass modulus when limited geoteehnical data are available. Only two of the published models were adequate for predicting modulus of weak rock masses over lim- ited ranges of alteration intensities, and none of the models provided good estimates of modulus over a range of geotechnical properties. In light of this shortcoming, a multivariate model was developed from the weak rock mass modulus dataset, and the new model is exponential in form and has the following independent variables： （1） average block size or joint spacing, （2） field estimated rock strength, （3） dis- continuity roughness, and （4） discontinuity infilling hardness. The multivariate model provided better estimates of modulus for both hard-blocky rock masses and intensely-altered rock masses.

Non-Newtionian Effects on Chaotic Mixing Between Eccentric Cylinders

Effect of fluid elasticity and shear-thinning viscosity on the chaotic mixing between two alternately rotating cylinders has been studied. The h-p finite element method is used to obtain high accurate solutions of the steady flow. The unsteady, periodic flow is simulated using the piecewise-steady approximation. Characteristics of the chaotic mixing are analyzed by examining the asymptotic coverage of a passive tracer and the lineal stretching of the fluid elements in the annulus. For the viscoelastic fluids modeled by the upper-convected Maxwell constitutive equation (UCM), our computation predicts little effect of the fluid elasticity on the mixing patterns. On the other hand, the shear-thinning viscosity, modeled by the Carreau equation, has a large impact on the advection of a passive tracer and the distribution of lineal stretching. We find that the zones of the lowest stretching match remarkably well with the regular zones in the tracer-coverage plotting. Our study reveals the vital importance of reducing the discretization errors of the velocity field in the numerical simulation of chaotic flews.

The Pattern of Government Health Expenditure in China

For a while since the inception of economic system reform programs in 1980s,China's government investment in health was weakened.This resulted in healthcare provider's increasing reliance on user charges for their income,poorer access to healthcare for the vulnerable population groups,and increasing socioeconomic disparities in health and healthcare.To address these problems,China initiated a series of health sector reforms since late 1990s.Our comprehensive review study has found that indeed Chinese government spending on health has been increasing in recent years,especially since 2009,when the new Healthcare Reform Plan was announced.Still,China needs to both further strengthen government investment in health and address the structural imbalances in government health financing,in order to make the overall Chinese health system more equitable and more efficient.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure Characterization of Compound Zn(Hpydc)_2(H_2O) (pydc=pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylate)

The hydrothermal reaction of ZnO, H3PO4(85%), (H2NCH2CH2)2NH and H2pydc results in the formation of a discrete mononuclear zinc(II) complex Zn(Hpydc)2(H2O). It crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 17.9947(8), b = 7.1875(3), c = 12.5895(4) , b = 110.802(2), V = 1522.14(10) 3, Z = 4, Mr = 415.61, (C14H10N2O9Zn), Dc = 1.814g/cm3, = 16.71cm-1, F(000) = 840, R = 0.0505, wR = 0.1144. Each zinc(II) is coordinated to two nitrogen and three oxygen atoms of which two nitrogen and two oxygen atoms are from two pydc ligands, and one oxygen atom from the coordinated water molecule to form an irregular polyhedral geometry. The complex is linked further into a three-dimensional structure through the weak interactions of hydrogen bonds between the two oxygen atoms. IR spectrum of the complex is also discussed.

Influences of spin on the properties of a weak-coupled magnetopolaron in quantum dot

Considering the influences of the spin on the ground state energy,the properties of a weak-coupled magnetopolaron in quantum dots are studied by using a linear combination operator and unitary transformation method.The numerical calcu-lation results for CaP crystals have been given as examples.

Intra-and Intermolecular Rovibrational States of HCl-H_(2)O and DCl-H_(2)O Dimers from Full-Dimensional and Fully Coupled Quantum Calculations

We report full-dimensional and fully coupled quantum bound-state calculations of the J=1 intra-and intermolecular rovibrational states of two isotopologues of the hydrogen chloride-water dimer,HClH_(2)O(HH)and DCl-H_(2)O(DH).The present study complements our recent theoretical investigations of the J=0 nine-dimensional(9D)vibrational level structure of these and two other H/D isotopologues of this noncovalently bound molecular complex,and employs the same accurate 9D permutation invariant polynomial-neural network potential energy surface.The calculations yield all intramolecular vibrational fundamentals of the HH and DH dimers and the low-energy intermolecular rovibrational states in these intramolecular vibrational manifolds.The results are compared with those of the 9D J=0 calculations of the same dimers.The energy differences between the K=1 and K=0 eigenstates exhibit pronounced variations with the intermolecular rovibrational states,for which a qualitative explanation is provided.

Analytical Solution of Weak-Coupling Periodically Driven Two-Level System

We present an approximate analytical solution to periodically driven two-level system in the weak-coupling regime. The analytical solution is in good agreement with the exact numerical solution in resonance and near resonance cases when Ω 〈 0.3ωa with Ω and ωa denoting the Rabi and transition frequencies respectively.

Cavity-Mode Properties of Semiconductor Lasers Operating in Strong-Feedback Regime

This paper investigates the modal properties of semiconductor lasers operating in the strong-feedback regime. Analytical expressions are developed based on an iterative travelling-wave model, which enable a complete and quantitative description of a compound cavity mode in its steady state. Additional information is provided about the physical inside into a compound laser system, such as a bifurcation diagram of the compound cavity modes for full variation range （from 0 to 1） of the external reflection coefficient and a more general shape for the diagram of photon density versus mode phase - this latter will reduce to the classical ＂ellipse＂ in the weak-feedback regime. It is shown that in the strong-feedback regime, a feedback laser is characterized by a small mode number and a high density of photons. This behavior confirms previous experimental observations, showing that beyond the coherence-collapse regime, the compound laser system could be re-stabilized, and that as a result power-enhanced low-noise stable laser operation with quasi-uniform pulsation is possible with external-mirror reflectivity close to 1. Moreover, it is also shown that for a compound system operating in the strong-feedback regime, an anti-reflection treatment of a laser can significantly reduce its current threshold, and that in the absence of this treatment excitation of a minimum-linewidth mode with higher output power would be possible inside such a system. Finally, it is shown that in the weak-feedback regime except for a phase shift the iterative travelling-wave model will reduce to the Lang-Kobayashi model in cases where the product of the feedback rate and the internal round-trip time is much less than unity （that would mean in situations of as-cleaved lasers）.

The Road to the Integration of International Migrants： The Case of the Work Integration Social Enterprises

This paper reports some first results obtained from a study conducted on work integration social enterprises （WISEs） in the framework of the social and solidarity economy （SSE） and the integration of international migrants. WISEs, as hybrid transit companies, go beyond a pure economic rationale, enabling labor and social inclusion for disadvantaged groups, international migrants included, through an insertion process in a real job performance environment. Therefore, WISEs should be understood as valuable mechanisms for achieving optimal levels of personal empowerment and social and labor integration in their active use and enhancement of these employees＇ capacities and competences. All of these aspects of WISEs have an impact on social justice in helping construct a more inclusive growth and society and foster the integration of international migrants.

Consumption and Culture： Understanding the Shaping of the New Brazilian Middle Class

In a recent historical process of economic stabilization and of social policies focused on the disadvantaged, major changes in the composition of the Brazilian social pyramid are happening. Driven by the increase of employment and income, in conditions of low inflation and abundant credit, millions of Brazilians have increased in recent years their purchasing power and started to acquire their own home and car--gaudiest symbols of joining the middle class--as well as a wide range of consumer goods. It appears that this set of transformations profoundly altered the perceptions and strategies of social mobility. So this phenomenon is being called the shaping of the new Brazilian middle class. The fact is that there is a group growing, sustained mainly by a decrease in income inequality. In this study, we attempted to draw a clear overview and some disagreements about the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class. On the topic of the emergence of a new Brazilian middle class, one can say that it is not a completely true fact, and that there was actually an expansion of the income of families who still harbor extreme ties with the working classes and why not, popular classes. What to some scholars would be the emergence of a new working class, whose average income is approaching the middle income of what is considered as the lower middle class？

Decentralisation： New Values and New Rights

The aim of this paper is to challenge the traditional or standard view of the current processes of decentralisation within institutions and administrations, in order to reconstruct the dynamic of such processes in terms of new values and new rights. Therefore, this paper censures the ＂reductionist＂ vision of decentralisation that envisages it merely as an administrative and institutional event and, in contrast, develops a concept of decentralisation as a social, political, and legal process linked to new constitutional values and new fundamental rights, whereby, it might be included within the sphere of a general theory of rights and take on an important role within this area. This work vindicates the idea that contemporary decentralization must form a part of the historical processes of the generalisation and specification of rights where in the goal is the fulfilment of the following maxim： rights for all and not merely for a few. To achieve this goal, decentralisation can incorporate the instrument of ＂positive discrimination＂ as a ＂strategy for equality＂, which can employ to create ＂specific rights＂ aims primarily at the members of the most vulnerable groups.

Landslide Disaster Vulnerability in Western Kenya and Mitigation Options： A Synopsis of Evidence and Issues of Kuvasali Landslide

The Kuvasali landslide disaster in Malava, Western Kenya, which caused harmful geo-environmental hazards to the villagers in August 2007, formed the premise of this paper. The existing landslide vulnerability occurrence ratings have been identified and documented using participatory approaches to ascertain the adoptive indigenous methods, which helped mitigation against the negative impacts by determining the slope steepness using Abney level. The geological set up, settlement and climatic factors, relating to landslides, revealed that the affected homesteads were on a steep slope of approximately 70%, with underlying metamorphosed basement rocks comprising ofgneisses, schists and granite intrusions. The steep escarpment overlying these rocks, where the landslide occurred, consists of volcanic rocks and black cotton clayey soils. The slope has scattered vegetation cover due to farming, while the low-lying area is planted with sugar cane and maize plantations. The landslide disaster led to loss of lives, injuries and damage to property. Natural resources, including water points, suffered siltation. Mitigation measures such as geo-hazard mapping and zoning, awareness training and campaigns for the local people focusing on hazard-prone areas resulting from poor land use practices have been recommended.

The Effect of Childhood Obesity on Social Welfare

The young generation is the most influenced and vulnerable segment of the market. Food with high level of fat, sugar and/or salt are popularised for this segment. At the same time nearly seven people die of obesity or from complications of obesity in Hungary each hour-one every nine minutes. Approximately 119 million Americans, or 64.5%, of adult Americans are either overweight or obese. 17.5 million obese young person live in the European Union. The result is the drastic elevation of the hygienic expenses. The average health care cost of overweight persons is higher by 42% than normal bodyweight ones. Per capita spending on fast foods is unbelievable and rising. The value of average spending was 2.5 E in 2002. Fast food sales continue to boom despite warnings about obesity. The consumption of these products can contribute to the increased level of childhood obesity. 12% of young person＇s visited a fast food restaurant at least with a weekly regularity. The value is 16.9% in case of young men higher than in case of young ladies （8.1%） to our research. We can state the respondents underestimate the costs of fast foods.

Globalization and Socio-educational Inequalities： A Study of Privatization of Higher Education in India

India is the world＇s largest democracy. The preamble of the constitution enshrines the values of a socialist, secular and equality. The aim was to create a society, based on fair and equitable distribution of resources and bringing the weaker sections to the mainstream of the society. However with the entry of globalization rapid changes were being made in the structural policy. Markets started taking over from where the state left off. it has been two decades and half since the liberalization, privatization and globalization phase was ushered in. Subsequently, privatization of education is rampant in each part of education system of India. The main objective of this paper is to find out socio-educational inequality at higher education level and to explore the educational participation, attainment and performance of scheduled castes at higher education level. Basically, this study is an empirical and exploratory research. Data collection and analysis were done through the data triangulation methods in this research process.

The Research About non-agriculture shift confronting the rural vulnerable farmers in the underdeveloped areas of China

This paper reveals the law of non-agriculture shift of the vulnerable groups in underdeveloped rural areas in china, and put forward the ＂second shift＂ category, namely the vulnerable groups is bound to work in cities; return to participate in local non-agricultural activities; then begin second non-agriculture shift. The paper discusses the ＂second shift＂ feature; Finally, draw policy Implications of the ＂second shift＂.