作为常态的永久例外——对阿甘本新冠论的解读与批评

吉奥乔·阿甘本作为欧陆地区率先对在地疫情发声的理论家之一,执着地站在政治与伦理的立场上,回避任何针对病毒的科学与医学讨论,不断重复和强调作为自身政治理论基础的“例外状态”概念,并以此抨击主权者在面对疫情时所采取的过度举措。阿甘本认为,主权者与医学专家的共谋,才是社会恐慌与“例外状态”实行的根本性原因。他悲观地认为,永久“例外状态”即将成为一种常态,而这种担忧恰恰暗示了其对原有政治生活的肯定与向往。

Multi-agent Belief,Goal and Exceptions Reasoning

Temporal logics are often adopted as basic tools to specifying mental states such as belief and goal of agents. Although there are works on non-monotonic extension of linear temporal logic (LTL) and branching time temporal logic (CTL),the non-monotonic extension of alternating-time temporal logic (ATL) which is an important kind of multi-agent cooperation logics has not been discussed yet in literature. To solve this problem,this paper proposed non-monotonic alternating-time temporal logic with belief and goal,namely N-ATL-BG,to facilitate the non-monotonic reasoning of mental states of agents. The semantic model,syntax and semantics of this new logic are developed. A model checking algorithm which can be finished in polynomial time is proposed for this new logic. Examples are given to show its usage.

生命与政治的缠斗:基于医学视角的生命政治解读

西方国家对传统政治中的权力进行了矫正,并发展出生命政治。生命政治对医学的借用有意地加强了对生命的全面操控,无意中造就出生命与权力的缠斗场景。生命政治对医学的借用没有改变政治运作的逻辑。生命政治尽管实现了对传统政治的扬弃,但生命仍然难以摆脱权力的控制,依然处于权力许可的框架下。生命政治无论对传统政治显现出多么大的差异和进步,只要资本主义制度不发生改变,其权力本质依然一如既往。马克思主义是生命政治的最具批判力的武器。