“促花剂”对妃子笑荔枝内源激素的影响

研究喷施自制"促花剂"对妃子笑荔枝内源激素的影响。试验表明,叶面喷施"促花剂",能有效地控制妃子笑荔枝抽冬梢,促进花芽分化,诱导成花;其抽花穗枝数、侧穗数、成花率分别比对照高53.73%、56.16%、55.30%,花穗长度比对照长12.96%,抽冬梢枝数比对照少76.40%;喷施"促花剂"能提高荔枝树体内源ABA和ZR含量,降低GA3和IAA含量。

Essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and its main components used as transdermal penetration enhancers: a comparative study

Our previous studies had confirmed that the essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. （Z. bungeanum oil） could effectively enhance the percutaneous permeation of drug molecules as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer. The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the skin penetration enhancement effect of Z. bungeanum oil and its main components on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） active components. Toxicities of Z. bungeanum oil and three selected terpene compounds （terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, and limonene） in epidermal keratinocytes （HaCaT） and dermal flbroblast （CCC-ESF-1） cell lines were measured using an MTT （3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） assay. Five model drugs in TCM external preparations, namely osthole （OT）, tetramethylpyrazine （TMP）, ferulic acid （FA）, puerarin （PR）, and geniposide （GP）, which were selected based on their lipophilicity denoted by IogKo^w, were tested using in vitro permeation studies in which vertical Franz diffusion ceils and rat abdominal skin were employed. The secondary structure changes of skin stratum corneum （SC） and drug thermodynamic activities were investigated to understand their mechanisms of action using Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectroscopy and saturation solubility studies, respectively. It was found that Z. bungeanum oil showed lower toxicities in both HaCaT cells and CCC-ESF-1 cells compared with three terpene compounds used alone. The enhancement permeation capacities by all tested agents were in the following increasing order： terpinen-4-ol=1,8-cineole〈limonene〈Z, bungeanum oil. The mechanisms of permeation enhancement suggested that these enhancers promoted the skin permeation of drugs mainly by affecting SC lipids. These results indicated that Z. bungeanum oil exhibited better performance in enhancing the skin permeation of active components in TCM preparations.

Cytotoxicity and enhancement activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer

The aim of this present study is to investigate the effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil （essential oil from Z. bungeanum Maxim.） on cytotoxicity and the transdermal permeation of 5-fluorouracil and indomethacin. The cy- totoxicity of Z. bungeanum oil on dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes was studied using an MTT （3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide） assay. The rat skin was employed to determine the percutaneous penetration enhancement effect of Z. bungeanum oil on hydrophilic and lipophilic model drugs, i.e., 5-fluorouracil and indomethacin. The secondary structure changes of the rat stratum comeum （SC） were determined using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）, and saturated solubilities and SC/vehicle partition coefficients of two model drugs with and without Z. bungeanum oil were also measured to un- derstand its related mechanisms of action. It was found that the half maximal inhibitory concentration （ICs0） values of Z. bungeanum oil were significantly lower in HaCaT and CCC-ESF-1 cell lines compared to the well-established and standard penetration enhancer Azone. The Z. bungeanum oil at various concentrations effectively facilitated the percutaneous penetration of two model drugs across the rat skin. In addition, the mechanisms of permeation en- hancement by Z. bungeanum oil could be explained with saturated solubility, SC/vehicle partition coefficient, and secondary structure changes of SC.