梵汉对音学科述略——纪念俞敏老师一百周年诞辰

本文阐述了梵汉对音学科的产生和发展历程。首先介绍了汉语音韵传统研究方法在音韵分类方面取得的巨大成就,同时分析了传统方法在研究声、韵音值方面的局限。然后讨论了梵汉对音学科在形成和发展过程中对汉语古音研究做出的新贡献。

小柴胡汤配合背俞指针疗法治疗胃食管反流病肝胃郁热证的临床疗效观察

目的:观察小柴胡汤配合背俞指针疗法治疗胃食管反流病肝胃郁热证的临床疗效。方法:将60例肝胃郁热证胃食管反流病患者随机分为治疗组30例和对照组30例。两组均以连续治疗4周为一个疗程。结果:治疗组30例,痊愈12例,显效11例,有效6例,无效1例,总有效率为97%;对照组痊愈6例,显效10例,有效5例,无效9例,总有效率为70%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前后在中医主症积分、次症积分、证候总积分比较上,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:小柴胡汤配合背俞指针疗法治疗肝胃郁热证胃食管反流病疗效显著,值得临床推广运用。

浙古版《俞樾全集》点校指误——以《曲园四书文》为例

浙江古籍出版社《俞樾全集》点校本错讹很多,抽查其中《曲园四书文》第一卷,发现点校错误106处,差错率超过万分之八十.本文逐一指正.

《老子》之“愚”义辨

由于版本不善、字意失准、文本疏读、文义少辨等原因,古今解《老子》之"愚"者多有不确、谬误之处,尤以"愚"而认定老子有欺诈愚弄百姓之"愚民思想"为最甚。今结合时代背景、《老子》全貌及老子思想整体要旨,遵循音义通转的古语用例,经文本细读,知"愚"通"道""化""俞(窬)""明""慈""辅"而有"厚朴""正直""虚静""愚蠢(乱、昧、暗、惑)""迷妄""欺诈""诈伪""教化""顺导""空明""顺化而成""辅助"等意义。老子用"愚"揭露、批判了无道统治者欺诈愚弄百姓之行径,然据对"愚"义辨析,知老子绝无以"欺诈愚弄百姓"为要义的"愚民思想"。

《辞赋标义》的编者、版本及其赋学观

《辞赋标义》的编者俞王言,应该是明万历年间徽州府休宁县(今属安徽省)人,有学者以为系广东海阳或安徽歙县人,均不确。该书在明末清初流传甚广,至今尚有十余部传世,主要有两种印本形态:一是明万历二十九年(1601)金溥参订、休宁金氏浑朴居刻本,一是崇祯年间郑之槃据金溥本修订、重印之本。该书既是一部版式独特、备受欢迎的辞赋总集,也是一部重要的赋学理论著作,它反映了编者较为通达的文体观念,以及辞赋并重、屈马同尊、崇尚楚汉、贬抑六朝的赋学思想。

论对地位消费的规制

地位消费是指人们追求相对经济地位的消费。由于人们追求效用极大化的行为从单纯的商品和劳务的消费变成自己消费和别人消费的比较，从独立消费变为不独立的消费比较，所以地位消费不但对经济学基本假设前提提出了挑战，而且还改变了经济学的一系列结论，即地位消费的存在会影响经济增长的总福利水平，甚至导致得不偿失的经济增长。对地位消费进行相应的引导和规制应成为政府规制的一个新领域。

白茆山歌与虞山派古琴、锡剧、苏州弹词音乐的关联分析

白茆山歌是白茆塘流域通行的传统吴歌,千百年来与该地区的其他民间音乐品种互动共生。本文撷取常熟虞山派古琴、锡剧、苏州弹词的音乐曲调及相关史料,分析白茆山歌与周边地区其他音乐艺术品种的关联,彰显白茆山歌对吴地音乐文化品种的辐射力、影响力。

THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH MEDICINE ON DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

Objective To search for a good therapeutic method for treating diabetic neuropathy. Methods Patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture group （n =30） and a control group （n =26）. In the control group, gliclazide, at the dose of 80 mg/d, for lowering blood sugar, and adenosine coenzyme B12, at the dose of 0.75 mg, for improving nutrition of nerves were orally administered. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture at bilateral Yishu point was added. Three weeks of treatments were given for both groups. Therapeutic effects and changes in fasting blood sugar, fasting glucose in urine and blood fat were observed. Results The total effective rate was 93.3% and 67.3% in the acupuncture and control group, respectively. Fasting blood sugar, fasting glucose in urine, total cholesterol and triglyceride were obviously lowered, and high density lipoprotein markedly elevated in the acupuncture group with significant differences, compared with those in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Acupuncture combined with medicine can improve disorder of fat metabolism in diabetic patients at the early and intermediate stages and depress and stabilize blood glucose to improve neural functions.

ACUPUNCTURE FOR TRERTING 120 CASES OF HYPERPLASIA OF MAMMARY GLANDS

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for 120 cases of hyperplasia of mammary glands. Methods: These patients were classified into liver-qi-stagnation type (n=53), phlegm-coagulation type (n=30) and Thoroughfare-Conception vessel maladjustment type (n=37). Acupoints used were Qimen (期门 LR 14), Wuyi (屋翳 ST 15), Weishu (胃俞 BL 21), etc.. Acupuncture treatment was conducted once daily and 30 treatments constituted one therapeutic course. Results: After 3 courses of treatment, of the 53, 30 and 37 cases of the liver-qi-stagnation, phlegm-coagulation and Thoroughfare-Conception vessel maladjustment types, 43 (81.1%), 24 (80.0%) and 29 (78.4%) were cured, 7 (13.2%), 5 (16.7%)and 5 (13.5%) markedly improved, 3 (5.7%), 1 (3.3%) and 2 (5.4%) improved respectively, and 1 (2.7%) of Thoroughfare-Conception vessel maladjustment type failed. A two-years’ follow-up showed that 3 of the cured 92 cases had a relapse, and after 2 more courses of treatment, they were cured again. Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy is effective for the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands.

出土“書”類文獻視域下《群經平議》之平議--兼及相關問題辨析與文句闡釋

《群經平議》是俞樾經學研究的代表作,學者們對此書的評價差别很大。總體來説,批評大於褒獎。我們利用清華簡“書”類文獻相關篇目逐條分析《群經平議》校讀古書的方法與結論,發現俞樾的校讀頗有可取之處,以前學者們對俞樾的批評並不客觀公正,《群經平議》的價值有必要進一步發掘。另外,我們梳理了相關問題的諸家舊説,還從訓詁學角度對相關文句中“德”與“能”的含義作了進一步闡釋。

俞樾函札收件人订补

俞樾函札收件人的确认是重点,也是难点,张冠李戴或不知不详则严重妨碍了对函札史料的认知。俞樾函札整理中有5位误释者应予订正:"李古渔"不是湖南新化人李洵,也不是广西永福人李洵,而是江苏上元人李滨;"铁花"不是胡适父亲胡传,而是官至金华知府的冯誉骢;"纯伯"不是姚文倬,而是陆心源之子陆树藩;"米生(米孙)"不是蔡汇沧的小名,而是童宝善的号;"江小云"不是子虚乌有的江人骥,而是浙江钱塘人江清骥。有4位未知者应予确认:"澜江"是俞樾门生蒋清瑞,"子英"是光绪元年恩科举人施则敬,"茂文"是时任苏松督粮道的英朴,"梅仙"是俞樾门生邬梅仙。有8位未详者可予补充:"孟兰艇"是时任诂经精舍监院的孟沅,"陶柳门"是时任太仓州州同的陶甄,"王韬甫"是时任军机章京、官至太常寺少卿的王彦威,"许榴仙"是曾任无锡知县的许国瑞,"朱玉圃"是曾任抚州知府、江西候补道的朱澄澜,"赵君宏"是赵烈文次子赵宽(1863~1939),寿锡恭生卒年为1863~1927年,王同是俞樾门生,时任诂经精舍监院。

Electroacupuncture at Qìhǎishū (气海俞 BL 24) for 40 cases of adductor muscle of thigh injury

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture at Qìhǎishū （气海俞 BL 24） for adductor muscle of thigh injury. Methods Forty cases of adductor muscle of thigh injury were treated with electroacupuncture deeply at Qìhǎishū （气海俞 BL 24）. Results After treatment of 10 days, 31 cases （77.5%） were cured, and the total effective rate was 95.0%. Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Qìhǎishū （气海俞 BL 24） has positive clinical efficacy for adductor muscle of thigh injury.

Clinical research on insomnia treated by acupuncture at back-shu points

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect on insomnia treated with acupuncture at back-shu points. Methods Sixty-four cases of insomnia were selected and divided randomly into a back-shu points group （group A） and a conventional acupoints group （group B） by a computer generated allocation list, 32 cases in each one. In the trial group, acupuncture was applied at xinshu （心俞 15）, Ganshu （刊俞 18）, Pishu （脾俞 BL 20） and Geshu （膈俞 BL 17）. In the control group, acupuncture was applied conventionally to Neiguan （内关 PC 6）, Shenmen （神门 HT 7）, Sanyinjiao （三阴交 SP 6）, Baihui （百会 GV 20） and Sishencong （四神聪 EX-HN 2）. Ten treatments made a session. The efficacy was analyzed statistically after 3 sessions of treatment. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the relief of sleep disorders after the treatment （P〈0.O2）. The improvement in sleep efficiency was different significantly （P〈0.05）. The difference in sleep difficulty was significant in Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The clinical efficacy is achieved by either acupuncture at back-shu points or by acupuncture at conventional acupoints. The improvements of sleep efficiency and sleep disorder scores in PSO.I, and sleep difficulty in TCM as well as the long-term efficacy are superior in group A as compared with those in group B.

Clinical observation over treating depression with scalp acupuncture accompanied by acunpuncture on Back-shu points

Objective To find therapeutic effect of acupuncture treating depression. Methods Eighteen cases of depression divided into two groups： one group treated with electroacupuncture （8 cases）, the other with medication （10 cases）. For the group with electroacupuncture, Shenting （神庭 GV 24）, Baihui （百会 GV 20）, Pishu （脾俞 BL 20）, Weishu（胃俞 BL 21）, Dachangshu （大肠俞 BL 25）, Xiaochangshu （小肠俞BL 27） were selected for treatment; and for the group of medication, venlafaxine was given as usual. 30 days later, an open unidirectional qualitative response sequential method was taken to compare the therapeutic effects of two groups. Result The therapeutic effects from two 8 cases proved that the group of electroacupuncture was better than the group of medication. Conclusion For depression, scalp acupuncture accompanied by acupuncture on the Back-shu points has a better effect for depression, and is superior to medication.

Effect of electroacupuncture at Ganshu(BL 18) and Shenshu(BL 23) on the expression of EphB2 protein in cortex around cerebral infracted area of rat

Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） on the expression of erythropoie-tin-producing hepatocyte receptor B2 （EphB2） in the cortex around the infracted area of middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） rats at different timing, and to reveal the possible mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Methods： A total of 180 male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an acupoint group and a non-acupoint group, with 45 rats in each group. Rats in each group were further divided into three subgroups： postoperative 3 d, postoperative 14 d and postoperative 2l d groups, with 15 rats in each subgroup. The MCAO model was made by the modified occlusion method. The neurological function score, 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride （TFC） staining, immunohistochemistry assay, immunofluorescence double labeling method and Western blot were used to detect the corresponding indicators. Results： The neurological impairment of rats was most obvious at postoperative 3 d, and then gradually improved with time, which was more significant in the acupoint group （P〈0.05）. The change of infarcted volume was consistent with the neurological function impairment. The number of EphB2 positive cells （EphB2＋） around the infarcted area was decreased significantly at postoperative 3 d, and then gradually improved with time, which returned to the same level as that in the sham operation group at postoperative 21 d. The increase was most significant in the acupoint group （P〈0.05）, and the positive cell number was higher than that in the sham operation group （P〈0.01）. Western blot and immunohistochemistry results were basically consistent. Immunofluorescence displayed that EphB2＋ and postsynaptic density-95 positive （PSD-95＋） were co-expressed, after the MCAO operation, in the cortical neuron around the infracted area, and the number of co-expressing cells was increased gradually with time, which was most significant in the acupoint group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture at Ganshu （BL 18） and Shenshu （BL 23） can significantly improve the neurological function and cerebral infarcted volume ratio of MCAO rats, which may be related to the activation of EphB2 expression in cortex around the infracted area and the promotion of synaptic remodeling.

Clinical effect observation on liver-regulating and blood-tonifying acupuncture for cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of liver-regulating and blood-tonifying acupuncture in the treatment of cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type. Methods： A total of 60 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. Cases in the observation group received liver-regulating and blood-tonifying acupuncture, in which Jiaji （EX-B 2） points of C3_C7, Ganshu （BL 18） and Geshu （BL 17） were used; cases in the control group received routine acupuncture treatment in which jiaji （EX-B2） points of C3.C7 were used. Both groups received 5 times of treatment in a week with a 2-day rest, symptoms evaluation was done after 4 weeks of treatment, and then therapeutical effect was evaluated. Results： The total effective rate was 90.0% in the observation group, 73.3% in the control group, and inter-group comparison showed a statistical significance （P〈0.05）. After treatment, the symptoms and signs scores in both groups all substantially dropped, showing statistical significances （both P〈0.05）; inter-group comparison showed that the improvements in subscales of dizziness, pressing pain along vertebrae and revolve-cervix test in the observation group were superior than those in the control group, showing statistical significances （all P〈0.05）, while the inter-group comparisons of subscales of headache and vomiting and nause didn＇t show any statistical significances after treatment （both P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Liver-regulating and blood-tonifying acupuncture is effective in treating cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type, and it can significantly improve patients＇ symptoms and signs.

Effect of electroacupuncture on expressions of VEGF and CD31 in MCAO model rats

Objective： To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture （EA） at Ganshu （BL 18） and Shenshu （BL 23） on vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1）/CD31 around the cerebral infarction focus in middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） rats and the possible mechanism, thus to provide a new strategy for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke by acupuncture. Methods： A total of 180 healthy male Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, an acupoint group and a non-acupoint group, 45 rats in each group. MCAO model was established using the modified line-embolus method in all rats except for those in the sham operation group; rats in the acupoint group were treated with EA at Ganshu （BL 18） and Shenshu （BL 23）; rats in the non-acupoint group were treated with EA at the control points; rats in other 2 groups were only subjected to bundling without treatment. Ten rats in each group were randomly selected on the 3rd day, the 14th day and the 21st day after acupuncture stimulation to test the neurological function impairment. The expression levels of CD31 and VEGF were also detected. Results： Compared with the model group and non-acupoint group, the neurological function score of the acupoint group was decreased at each time point, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. The expressions of VEGF and CD31 in each group were the lowest on the 3rd day, reached the peak on the 14th day and still remained at high level on the 21st day. And the differences among groups were statistically significant both on the 14th day and the 21st day （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Compared with the model group and the non-acupoint group, the expressions of VEGF and CD31 in the acupoint group were increased, and the differences were statistically significant （all P〈0.05）. Conclusion： EA at Ganshu （BL 18） and Shenshu （BL 23） can significantly improve the neurological function score of MCAO model rats, and shows protective effect on cerebral ischemia. The protective mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of CD31 and VEGF expression around the cerebral infarction focus in the MCAO model rats and induction of angiogenesis.

Effect of moxibustion at Shenshu(BL 23) on the ethology,corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor in aging rats

Objective：To observe the effect of moxibustion on learning and memory abilities,corticosterone and glucocorticoid receptor（GR） in subacute aging rats.Methods：Twenty four Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group and a moxibustion group,8 rats in each group.Rats in the model group and the moxibustion group were subcutaneously injected with 25% D-galactose [125 mg/（kg·bw）] for 40 d continuous;rats in the normal group were injected with saline at the same position for 40 d continuous.Rats in the moxibustion group were given mild moxibustion at bilateral Shenshu（BL 23） at the same time of modeling;rats in the normal group and the model group were only identically grabbed without moxibustion for 40 d.The learning and memory abilities of rats were observed using the Morris water maze at the end of the experiment.Abdominal aorta blood and thymus were collected after water maze experiment.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect serum corticosterone level,and immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of thymus GR.Results：Compared with the normal group,rats in the model group showed that a significantly longer escape latency time（P〈0.01） on the third and the fourth days;number of times crossing the platform in 70 s significantly reduced（P〈0.01）;activity times in the fourth quadrant significantly decreased（P〈0.05）;serum corticosterone levels increased（P〈0.01）;thymus GR expression decreased（P〈0.05）.Compared with the model group,rats in the moxibustion group showed that the escape latency times were significantly shorter on the third,the fourth and the fifth days（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）;number of times crossing the platform in 70 s significantly increased（P〈0.05）;activity times in the fourth quadrant significantly increased（P〈0.05）;serum corticosterone levels decreased（P〈0.05）;thymus GR expression increased（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：Moxibustion could improve the learning and memory abilities of subacute aging rats,down-regulate serum corticosterone levels,and increase thymus GR content.

Orthogonal test on local temperature influenced by different parameters and manipulation types of An-pressing Xinshu (BL 15)

Objective:To explore the optimal thermal effect parameter combination of An-pressing manipulation based on the pressing force, time and frequency, and to compare the thermal effect differences between the rhythmic and the continuous An-pressing manipulations. Methods:Three levels of light, moderate and heavy pressing forces were determined according to the An-pressing forces of the clinical tuina physicians;the pressing time and frequency parameters were determined according to the literatures about An-pressing manipulation. The volunteers were stimulated by the homemade An-pressing manipulation stimulator on the right Xinshu (BL 15), and then the three-factor and three-level orthogonal tests were carried out according to the test sequence specified by the L9(34) orthogonal table, and the temperature before and after pressing was recorded by an infrared thermal imaging system to screen the best parameters for the thermal effect of the An-pressing manipulation, thus to determine the optimal pressing parameters. The optimal parameters were then used for both continuous and rhythmic An-pressing manipulations to stimulate the bilateral Xinshu (BL 15). The temperature changes after pressing and the duration of the thermal effect (temperature difference ≤0.5℃ on both sides) were recorded by the infrared thermal imaging system, to explore the differences in the thermal effects of different An-pressing manipulations. Results:Among the three factors of pressing force, time and frequency, the influences of different pressing forces on temperature were significantly different (F=32.843,P=0.030), and the influence of 2.5 kg pressing force was the most significant;the effects of different pressing time on temperature were significantly different (F=54.102,P=0.018), and the pressing time of 7.5 min was the most significant;the influences of different pressing frequencies on temperature were not statistically significant (F=2.181,P=0.314), though the influence of 10 times/min pressing frequency was the largest. The influences on temperature difference of the rhythmic and the continuous An-pressing manipulations were significantly different (P=0.031 on the left side andP=0.045 on the right side), but there was no statistical difference in the duration of the thermal effect (P=0.690). Conclusion:The An-pressing manipulation parameters that significantly affect the temperature difference are pressing force and time. The optimal combination of thermal effect parameters is pressing force of 2.5 kg, time of 7.5 min, and frequency of 10 times/min. The local thermal effect of the rhythmic An-pressing manipulation is significantly greater than of the continuous An-pressing manipulation.

Experimental study on the influence of pressing force and time on thermal effect of An-pressing manipulation

Objective:To observe the influence of pressing force and time on the thermal effect of An-pressing manipulation.Methods:Eight healthy volunteers were recruited to receive An-pressing manipulation at Xinshu (BL 15) on the right side.The pressing force and time were both divided into five levels:the force described as extremely mild,mild,moderate,strong and extremely strong and time given by 2.5 min,5.0 min,7.5 min,10.0 min and 15.0 min.The real-time change in local acupoint temperature as well as the change during 1.0-15.0 min after the manipulation were observed.Results:Compared with the baseline data,the real-time changes in the temperature after An-pressing Xinshu (BL 15) on the right side with different levels of force (from mild to strong) were respectively (1.88t0.64) ℃,(2.05±0.68) ℃,(2.25±0.59) ℃,(2.35±0.61) ℃ and (2.32±0.69) ℃;the changes in 15.0 min after the manipulation were respectively (-0.11±0.11) ℃,(0.03±0.14) ℃,(0.59±0.58) ℃,(1.38±0.70) ℃ and (2.09±0.98) ℃.The real-time temperature changes after the manipulation for different durations (from short to long) were respectively (1.94±0.37) ℃,(2.33±0.29) ℃,(2.49±0.31) ℃,(2.51±0.39) ℃ and (2.41±0.55) ℃;the changes in 15.0 min after the manipulation were respectively (0.53±0.49) ℃,(0.33±0.30) ℃,(0.52±0.33) ℃,(0.55±0.38) ℃ and (0.76±0.36) ℃.Conclusion:The thermal effect presented an increasing tendency with the extension of pressing time,and the temperature reached the top at 7.5 min;the thermal effect showed an increasing tendency with the rise of pressing force,and the temperature reached the top upon a moderate level of force.The pressing time can produce a greater influence on the real-time temperature than the pressing force;the pressing force can produce a greater influence on maintaining the temperature than the pressing time.