重建“信念伦理”与坚守“网络底线”——论“网络空间命运共同体”视域下网络伦理价值体系的重构

习近平总书记在多次讲话中强调要"构建网络空间命运共同体"。要想贯彻落实好习近平总书记这一重要思想,就必须依赖于网络伦理健康发展的文化支撑,这种支撑应该是"构建网络空间命运共同体"的内在精神基础和内在动力。"构建网络空间命运共同体"的时代号召对于网络伦理领域而言是机遇也是挑战。毋庸讳言,现时代的网络伦理现状是不容乐观的,甚至呈现出了各种新的困境与危机。要坚守"网络底线",摆脱网络伦理文化危机,一个最重要的长远使命就是要重建网络主体的"信念伦理"。重建网络主体"信念伦理"的有效路径主要有:重新认识和挖掘传统道德信仰资源的当代价值,唤醒和重塑网络主体的道德理想信仰;提升网络主体的道德自律能力,以笃定其道德信仰;培育网络主体的道德情感,以激励其道德信仰的持久性。如果这些方面可以同时有效地展开,那么在重建"信念伦理"的进程中坚守"网络底线",则必然会成为在"构建网络空间命运共同体"视域下,摆脱网络伦理文化危机,重构当代网络伦理价值体系所最值得期待的美好愿景。

创意经济理论“信念硬核”孵化

创意本身——人类的精神、智慧、思想、知识等人性化特征的观念形态存在、整合与创新构成了创意经济的"信念硬核"。创意经济实现了后工业时代"多元经济"的整合,彰显"信念硬核",创意产业的聚合力强化"信念硬核"。创意经济时代,创意人才是推动经济发展和创意产业发展的根本动力,竞争力围绕创意人才聚集而成的"创意阶层"展开。凝结创意的特别创造力构成"创意阶层"专有人力资本的内核。"创意阶层"的崛起态势与创意人才配置规律表征创意保护带的拓展。

“狗模人样”的“信念”

这是一条什么样的狗？ 它是一条两条腿、像人类一样直立行走的“缺陷”狗。它的名字叫“信念”，“它是降临在浮躁的美国的一种力量，它是笃定而欢快地照耀在任何一位迷失者前方的一盏路灯。”

Intrusion detection model based on deep belief nets

This paper focuses on the intrusion classification of huge amounts of data in a network intrusion detection system. An intrusion detection model based on deep belief nets （DBN） is proposed to conduct intrusion detection,and the principles regarding DBN are discussed.The DBN is composed of a multiple unsupervised restricted Boltzmann machine （RBM） and a supervised back propagation （BP）network.First,the DBN in the proposed model is pre-trained in a fast and greedy way,and each RBM is trained by the contrastive divergence algorithm.Secondly,the whole network is fine-tuned by the supervised BP algorithm,which is employed for classifying the low-dimensional features of the intrusion data generated by the last RBM layer simultaneously.The experimental results on the KDD CUP 1999 dataset demonstrate that the DBN using the RBM network with three or more layers outperforms the self-organizing maps （SOM）and neural network （NN）in intrusion classification.Therefore,the DBN is an efficient approach for intrusion detection in high-dimensional space.

Concept-based approach for information retrieval

A concept-based approach is expected to resolve the word sense ambiguities in information retrieval and apply the semantic importance of the concepts, instead of the term frequency, to representing the contents of a document. Consequently, a formalized document framework is proposed. The document framework is used to express the meaning of a document with the concepts which are expressed by high semantic importance. The framework consists of two parts： the ＂domain＂ information and the ＂situation ＆ background＂ information of a document. A document-extracting algorithm and a two-stage smoothing method are also proposed. The quantification of the similarity between the query and the document framework depends on the smoothing method. The experiments on the TREC6 collection demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach in information retrieval tasks. The average recall level precision of the model using the proposed approach is about 10% higher than that of traditional ones.

On the relationship between college English teachers＇ beliefs and their teaching behaviors

Based on the questionnaires and interviews on 19 college English teachers of a university in Beijing, the paper discusses college English teachers＇ beliefs. Through the analysis of research results, the paper focuses on the following questions： （1） What are the core beliefs of college English teachers？ （2） What influence will the teachers＇ beliefs exert on teaching behaviors？ （3） Will the teachers＇ beliefs change？ If the answer is YES, how will they change and what is the source of the changes？ The exploratory results and findings can help college English teachers realize the importance of teachers＇ beliefs, through which can help them improve their teaching practices and foster their professional development.

培养兴趣 激发潜能——引导学生办好“我的小本本”的尝试

作为一名实验教师,只有蹲下身子欣赏学生,静下心来更新观念,才能与学生一起成长,和新课程一同进步!

信息传播培养理论视域下的农户亲环境行为研究——对甘肃省19个县(区)542农户的调研分析

大众传播媒介及农业信息服务网络通过环保信息传播可在潜移默化中培养农户的亲环境价值观,进而影响农户的亲环境行为。基于信息传播培养理论,整合计划行为理论和"信念—价值—规范"理论构建亲环境行为理论模型,并采用甘肃省19个县(区)542户样本农户的调研数据进行验证,结果显示:环保信息的有效传播可以潜移默化地强化农户的亲环境价值观,农户的亲环境价值观、行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及责任归属均对其亲环境行为有显著的正向预测作用,农户经营规模和专业化水平对其亲环境行为也有显著正向影响。应提高农户生产经营的规模化和专业化程度,加强对农户亲环境价值观及主体责任认知、亲环境行为知识和技能等方面的教育和培训,并充分发挥农村干部、党员、能人等的带头示范作用,以有效促进农户亲环境行为。

Children's expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through two years of school-based program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and physical activity

Purpose：The present study examined the patterns of children＇s expectancy beliefs and subjective task values through the Physical Activity as Civil Skill Program and associated links to physical education enjoyment and total physical activity.Methods：The sample comprised 401 children aged 9–13 years from 3 small towns located in North-East Finland.All children received school-based activities across 2-year program from Grades 5 to 7.The present data were collected using questionnaires across 3 measurement phases during 2012–2014.Results：The levels of expectancy beliefs and subjective task values indicated to be relatively high and the development was stable through the program,especially in terms of expectancy beliefs,attainment value,and cost.In contrast,interest value and utility value decreased over the particular period of time.Boys believed they are physically more competent when compared to other students and valued physical education classes more important than girls.In addition,the higher the physical activity level the children reported,the higher the physical education enjoyment they perceived.Conclusion：The current program including actions to increase physical activity through manipulation of psychological and physical school environment modification indicated to be an effective strategy to prohibit declining levels of children＇s expectancy beliefs and task values.

Health beliefs toward lung cancer screening among Chinese American high-risk smokers:Interviews based on Health Belief Model

Objective This study aims to explore health beliefs toward lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography among Chinese American high-risk smokers.Methods Guided by the Health Belief Model,semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with Chinese American high-risk smokers via phone.Additional questionnaires on demographic information,history of smoking and lung cancer screening were collected via email or phone before the interview,depending on participants’preference.Content analysis was used to extract meaningful and significant themes in the dataset.Constant comparison analysis and process coding were used to categorize and code data.Results Data saturation was reached after interviewing 12 participants.Chinese American high-risk smokers perceived a low susceptibility to lung cancer,since they believed various protective factors of lung cancer(e.g.,doing exercise,healthy diet,etc.)reduced their risk of getting lung cancer.All the participants perceived a high severity of lung cancer.They acknowledged lung cancer would have a huge impact on their life.Perceived benefits of lung cancer screening were accurate in most aspects although minor confusions were still noticed among this population.Perceived barriers varied on participants’,physicians’,and institutional levels.High-risk Chinese American smokers had little confidence to screening for lung cancer.Cues to action for them to screening for lung cancer included recommendations from health care providers,support from family members and friends,and information shared on Chinese-based social media.Conclusions Misconceptions and barriers to screening for lung cancer existed widely among Chinese American high-risk smokers.Intervention programs and targeted health education should be implemented to promote lung cancer screening among this population.

Voice activity detection based on deep belief networks using likelihood ratio

A novel technique is proposed to improve the performance of voice activity detection(VAD) by using deep belief networks(DBN) with a likelihood ratio(LR). The likelihood ratio is derived from the speech and noise spectral components that are assumed to follow the Gaussian probability density function(PDF). The proposed algorithm employs DBN learning in order to classify voice activity by using the input signal to calculate the likelihood ratio. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm yields improved results in various noise environments, compared to the conventional VAD algorithms. Furthermore, the DBN based algorithm decreases the detection probability of error with [0.7, 2.6] compared to the support vector machine based algorithm.

Adaptive sampling approach based on Jensen-Shannon divergence for efficient reliability analysis

Extensive studies have been carried out for reliability studies on the basis of the surrogate model,which has the advantage of guaranteeing evaluation accuracy while minimizing the need of calling the real yet complicated performance function.Here,one novel adaptive sampling approach is developed for efficiently estimating the failure probability.First,one innovative active learning function integrating with Jensen-Shannon divergence(JSD)is derived to update the Kriging model by selecting the most suitable sampling point.For improving the efficient property,one trust-region method receives the development for reducing computational burden about the evaluation of active learning function without compromising the accuracy.Furthermore,a termination criterion based on uncertainty function is introduced to achieve better robustness in different situations of failure probability.The developed approach shows two main merits:the newly selected sampling points approach to the area of limit state boundary,and these sampling points have large discreteness.Finally,three case analyses receive the conduction for demonstrating the developed approach s feasibility and performance.Compared with Monte Carlo simulation or other active learning functions,the developed approach has advantages in terms of efficiency,convergence,and accurate when dealing with complex problems.

Communication, Conviction, and Persuasion in The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin discovers that the theory of the species＇ creation by a miraculous being has reached a double impasse, due to the science ＂speech＂ evolution. There is an expositive impasse （it can＇t explain some facts any more） and a communication-comprehensive impasse （within its limits, some facts are not communicable or understandable）. In order to endorse his theory of evolutionism, Darwin develops an argumentative communicating science based on two axes： the facts and the axiomatics. His communicating science follows the next structure： （1） a relation with the starting thesis is established; （2） some evidence are promoted; （3） as the base of the evidence, a motivation is emphasized; （4） as a reason, an axiomatics is assigned to this base; and （5） finally, the facts and the quantifiers are explained by valid conclusions.

Damage identification of steel truss bridges based on deep belief network

To improve the accuracy and anti-noise ability of the structural damage identification method,a bridge damage identification method is proposed based on a deep belief network(DBN).The output vector is used to establish the nonlinear mapping relationship between the mode shape and structural damage.The hidden layer of the DBN is trained through a layer-by-layer pre-training.Finally,the backpropagation algorithm is used to fine-tune the entire network.The method is validated using a numerical model of a steel truss bridge.The results show that under the influence of noise and modeling uncertainty,the damage identification method based on the DBN can identify the accurate damage location and degree identification compared with the traditional damage identification method based on an artificial neural network.

Monitoring method of gear teeth failure of hydraulic gear pump based on improved VMD and DBN-DNN of electrical signal

Abundant system operation state information is included in the electrical signal of the hydraulic system motor.How to accurately extract and classify the operation information of electrical signal is the key to realize the condition monitoring of hydraulic system.The early fault characteristics of hydraulic gear pump hidden in the motor current signal are weak and difficult to extract by traditional time-frequency analysis.Based on the correlation coefficient and artificial bee colony algorithm(ABC),the parameter optimization of variational mode decomposition(VMD)is realized in this paper.At the same time,the principle of maximum signal correlation coefficient and kurtosis value is adopted to determine the effective intrinsic mode function(IMF).Moreover,the permutation entropy(PE)and root mean square(RMS)of the effective IMF components are input into the deep belief network(DBN-DNN)as high-dimensional feature vectors.The operation state of gear pump is monitored.The results show that the weak characteristics of current signal of gear pump fault are accurately and stably extracted by this method.The running state of gear pump is monitored and the accuracy of gear fault diagnosis is improved.

English Teachers’ Beliefs About Multilingual Awareness in L3 Learning and Their Teaching Practice in Chinese EFL Context

Teachers’ beliefs toward multilingual awareness in target language learning play a significant role in shaping learners’ attitudes to language awareness, affect learners’ linguistic behavior and teachers’ teaching practice. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore English teachers’ beliefs about Inner Mongolian university students’ multilingual awareness in L3 learning and their teaching practice in Chinese EFL context. One hundred English teachers from six universities in Inner Mongolia, China, participated in this investigation. The data was collected through a questionnaire and teacher interviews. The results indicate that English teachers hold positive attitudes to multilingual awareness in general;however, there are belief differences between Mongolian and Han teachers;there exist discrepancies between English teachers’ beliefs about multilingual awareness and their teaching practice, and social-cultural environment, family language policy,teacher identity, learning experience, teaching materials, and, more importantly, teachers’ lack of awareness of fostering learners’ multilingual awareness lead to the discrepancies. The present research highlights the necessity of raising teacher awareness of cultivating multilingual awareness in future teacher development and emphasizes the significance of exploring the potential cognitive advantages of multilingualism in promoting L3 learning and developing English learners’ multilingual competence in the EFL context in China.

Song of praise to faith and hope： On the faith and hope in The Shawshank redemption

The Shawshank redemption tells us a story about Andy Duresne-how he is wrongly sentenced to prison for murdering his wife, moves on his life in the prison and at last wins his freedom. This story gives us encouragement to fight to preserve the dignity of human beings, to appreciate the beauty of life, and the most important, to keep faith and hope forever. It is faith that redeems hope.

Information： From Philosophic to Physics Concepts for Informational Modeling of Consciousness

Information was a frequently used concept in many fields of investigation. However, this concept is still not really understood, when it is referred for instance to consciousness and its informational structure. In this paper it is followed the concept of information from philosophical to physics perspective, showing especially how this concept could be extended to matter in general and to the living in particular, as a result of the intimate interaction between matter and information, the human body appearing as a bipolar informed-matter structure. It is detailed on this way how this concept could be referred to consciousness, and an informational modeling of consciousness as an informational system of the human body is presented. Based on the anatomic architecture of the organism and on the inference of the specific information concepts, it is shown that the informational system of the human body could be described by seven informational subsystems, which are reflected in consciousness as corresponding cognitive centers. These results are able to explain the main properties of consciousness, both the cognitive and extra-cognitive properties of the mind, like that observed during the near-death experiences and other similar phenomena. Moreover, the results of such a modeling are compared with the existing empirical concepts and models on the energetic architecture of the organism, showing their relevance for the understanding of consciousness.

Validation of the relationship consciousness of Japanese Patients with type 2 diabetes scale

Objectives:The management of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be improved for individuals by developing relationships with other patients with diabetes.We created the Relationship Consciousness of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus scale to measure the relationship consciousness of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for other patients based on the Health Belief Model.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(n-289).Data were analyzed via exploratory factor analyses,reliability tests,concurrent validity.Results:The final scale obtained for the Relationship Consciousness of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus scale comprised a six-factor structure with 36 items.All 36 items had a Cronbach'sαcoefficient of 0.893 and explained 59.38%of the total variance.The scale was significantly correlated with a related reciprocity consciousness scale.Conclusions:The Relationship Consciousness of Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus scale may be an important tool for nurses to assess the relationship consciousness of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.In addition,by understanding patients'relationship consciousness for others who share their disease,nurses can begin to recommend ways to establish relationships between patients that suit patients'particular relationship.consciousness levels and to provide better care in their clinical practice.