This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1:250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The nor...This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1:250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The northern part of the Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case. Multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both Landsat TM and thematic maps (ETM+) were used as the bases to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and salinization detection. With ERDAS ver. 9.1 software, the Normalized Differential Salinity Index (NDSl) and Salinity Index (S.I.) were computed and then evaluated for land degradation by salinization. Arc/Info ver. 9.2 software was used along with field observation data (GPS) for analysis. Using spatial analysis methods, results showed that 19 973.1 km^2 (72%) of land had no risk of land degradation by salinization, 3 684.7 km^2 (13%) had slight land degradation by salinization risk, 2 797.9 km^2 (10%) had moderate land degradation by salinization risk, and 1 218.9 km^2 (4%) of the total land area was at a high risk of land degradation by salinization. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high risk of soil salinization.展开更多
Because of the importance of graphics and information within the domain of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), an appropriate combination of visualization technology and information management technolo...Because of the importance of graphics and information within the domain of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), an appropriate combination of visualization technology and information management technology is of utter importance in the development of appropriately supporting design and construction applications. Virtual environments, however, tend not to make this information available. The sparse number of applications that present additional information furthermore tend to limit their scope to pure construction information and do not incorporate information from loosely related knowledge domains, such as cultural heritage or architectural history information. We therefore started an investigation of two of the newest developments in these domains, namely game engine technology and semantic web technology. This paper documents part of this research, containing a review and comparison of the most prominent game engines and documenting our architectural semantic web. A short test-case illustrates how both can be combined to enhance information visualization for architectural design and construction.展开更多
Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyze...Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyzed to improve understanding and to find the driving forces of land use change so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 13 years cropland decreased remarkably by nearly 11304.95 ha. The areas of rural-urban construction and water body increased by 10 152.24 ha and 848.94 ha, respectively. From 1988 to 2001, 52.5% of the lost cropland was converted into rural-urban industrial land. Rapid urbanization contributed to a great change in the rate of cropland land use during these years. Land-reclamation also contributed to a decrease in water body area as well as marine ecological and environmental destruction. In the study area 1) urbanization and industrialization, 2) infrastructure and agricultural intensification, 3) increased affluence of the farming community, and 4) policy factors have driven the land use changes. Possible sustainable land use measures included construction of a land management system, land planning, development of potential land resources, new technology applications, and marine ecological and environmental protection.展开更多
Swept volume solid modeling has been applied to many areas such as NC machining simulation and verification, robot workspace analysis, collision detection, and CAD. But self-intersections continue to be a challenging ...Swept volume solid modeling has been applied to many areas such as NC machining simulation and verification, robot workspace analysis, collision detection, and CAD. But self-intersections continue to be a challenging problem in the boundary representation of swept volume solids. A novel algorithm is presented in this paper to trim self-intersection regions in swept volume solids modeling. This trimming algorithm consists of two major steps: (1) roughly detecting self-intersection regions by checking intersections or overlapping of the envelop profiles; (2) splitting the whole envelop surfaces of the swept volume solid into separate non-self-intersecting patches to trim global self-intersections, and to trim local self-intersections, dividing local self-intersecting regions into patches and replacing self-intersecting patches with non-self-intersecting ones. Examples show that our algorithm is efficient and robust.展开更多
Existing computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems for garment manufacturing emphasize all-purpose ones, lack specialism and availability. So, few developed is popular in the garment industries. This study is i...Existing computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems for garment manufacturing emphasize all-purpose ones, lack specialism and availability. So, few developed is popular in the garment industries. This study is intended for developing a CAPP system, which aims at the actual condition of process planning in the small and medium size apparel enterprises (SMAs). It enables the technologists of process planning to be quicker in generating suitable plans that are similar to existing styles or new. It also automatically provides labor cost by considering the shop-ricer caztiticns. Process planning is achieved by adopting the Hybrid Interactive-variant process planning mete. The proposed system has been realized in Borland Delphi 7 and Orade 8. For validation of the system, the software has been implemented successfully in a firm named Jingchen in China.展开更多
In the current social, agricultural development is heavily influenced by the level of agricultural information development, so, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of information technology in order to...In the current social, agricultural development is heavily influenced by the level of agricultural information development, so, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of information technology in order to maintain a sustained, steady and rapid development of agriculture, as well as we use information technology in all aspects of agricultural production, so as to make more rapid and stable development of Chinese agriculture. In Agricultural Economics and Management should focus on the help of information technology. The main author makes a brief analysis on the role of information technology in the agricultural economy and the management of specific applications, which is designed to promote the further development of Chinese agriculture.展开更多
In this paper the application of spatialization technology on metadata quality check and updating was dis-cussed. A new method based on spatialization was proposed for checking and updating metadata to overcome the de...In this paper the application of spatialization technology on metadata quality check and updating was dis-cussed. A new method based on spatialization was proposed for checking and updating metadata to overcome the defi-ciency of text based methods with the powerful functions of spatial query and analysis provided by GIS software. Thismethod employs the technology of spatialization to transform metadata into a coordinate space and the functions ofspatial analysis in GIS to check and update spatial metadata in a visual environment. The basic principle and technicalflow of this method were explained in detail, and an example of implementation using ArcMap of GIS software wasillustrated with a metadata set of digital raster maps. The result shows the new method with the support of interactionof graph and text is much more intuitive and convenient than the ordinary text based method, and can fully utilize thefunctions of GIS spatial query and analysis with more accuracy and efficiency.展开更多
Theater play that shows how textiles, make up, hair dyes and music players has changed along the last six decades, especially due to polymers. It is a play that has a historic, chemical and musical side that introduce...Theater play that shows how textiles, make up, hair dyes and music players has changed along the last six decades, especially due to polymers. It is a play that has a historic, chemical and musical side that introduces the use of ICT (information and communications technology), such as Faeebook, Moodle platform, Web sites, E-mail, Word, Publisher, PowerPoint, Videos and Digital music. Results in the conduct of the students that participated: assertiveness, self-esteem, tolerance, cooperation, responsibility and teamwork, all of them significantly contributed a meaningful learning about the polymers.展开更多
The problems of installation and integration of complex suite of software for processing medical images. Based analysis of the situation is realized in an easier integration of an automated system using the latest inf...The problems of installation and integration of complex suite of software for processing medical images. Based analysis of the situation is realized in an easier integration of an automated system using the latest information technologies using the web - environment for analysis and segmentation of DICOM - images.展开更多
The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretica...The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretical relativistic framework for any research study is first and prime step in walking on the track to reach the distinction set by the researcher. Open and flexible learning is a new trend in education, enriched with ICT-use as a basic demand of the 21st century generation in all parts of the globe. So, it requires a theoretical framework for its initiation, implementation, development and evaluation which is relatively developed and advanced from the existing framework. In any research study the literature review is carried out in order to develop, build or construct a theoretical framework. The researcher of the study has observed while attending the international conference on ODL (AAOU, 2013) that most of the studies require theoretical underpinning for ICT-use in education. The researcher assume that being a new trend in education to use ICT for teaching learning purpose; it requires conceptual clarity and theoretical background of the user and researcher, because, without theory the practice is wastage of money, time and energy and it becomes ineffective and requires relatively new conceptual development. So, the problem stated by the researcher for the study was: Developing theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning: A new trend in educational research. The objective of the study was integrating the interrelated concepts to build a pnemonological network for identifying the constructs in ICT-rich open and flexible learning environment. The study was significant because it provided theoretical background for conducting research in ICT-use for teaching and learning through open and flexible systems; whether blended or online learning and training. The methodology used by the researcher was qualitative and interpretive because there were reviewing of literature and meta-analysis for building the framework. The data were analyzed and interpreted by the researcher for the findings and drawing conclusions. On the basis of conclusions the researcher has made suggestions and recommendations for conducting research in open and flexible learning environment by using this theoretical relativistic framework. The framework was named as Virtual Learning Environment Framework (VLEF).展开更多
Antibiotic resistance has been compromised hospitalized patients with serious infections. The main cases of bacteremia can be caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown as an...Antibiotic resistance has been compromised hospitalized patients with serious infections. The main cases of bacteremia can be caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown as an alternative for inactivation of microorganisms in blood. In this therapy photochemical mechanisms occur that may prevent the development of bacteria. This study aims optimization of PDT parameters for blood decontamination. Concentration ofphotosensitizer (PS), light dose (LD) and incubation time (IT) were studied for hemolysis and cell toxic effects. It was observed that PDT can be used for microbial inactivation in total blood reducing 0.85 log10 CFU/mL ofS. aureus at 15 J/cm^2 and 50μg/mL of Photogem .展开更多
As the wide application of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) shows, the world is moving fast to- wards an information age. Since China was first connected to the Internet in 1994, the development...As the wide application of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) shows, the world is moving fast to- wards an information age. Since China was first connected to the Internet in 1994, the development of ICTs in China and around the world has been astonishingly fast, and yet there is a clear 'digital divide' among different regions in China. Although Chinese geogra- phers have paid attention to regional differences in informatization, they usually employ a limited number of indicators, mainly focusing on the Intemet. In fact, infi^rmatization is a much broader concept, covering not only the lntemet, but also mobile phones as well as user ability. In the light of these considerations, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the development of informatization and its spatial differences in China. First, based on a literature review, the paper identifies 29 preliminary indicators for measuring informa- tization, and employs prin,-ipal components analysis and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to streamline them into 12 indicators to form an ICTs Developmen: Index (ID1). Second, by using the data from provincial statistical yearbooks and the China Internet Network Information Center, the paper calculates the 1191 of each mega-region and each province in 2000-2010, and measures the changing spa- tial differences in the development of informatization in China. Lastly, the paper quantifies the relationship between informatization and economic growth. The empirical results show that the IDI of the western and central China has been increasing faster than that of the coastal region, indicating that the digital divide in China has been narrowing.展开更多
Forensic accountants today are required to possess a number of characteristics and skills that are derived from a range of disciplines. They must be inquisitive, able to delve into motivations, operations and justific...Forensic accountants today are required to possess a number of characteristics and skills that are derived from a range of disciplines. They must be inquisitive, able to delve into motivations, operations and justifications underlying the behavior of white collar criminals. They must be able to simplify technical accounting information and convey it effectively orally and in writing to a court or tribunal; be able to trace information via information technology tools; have an understanding of the adversarial legal system and the rules of evidence. Universities offering forensic accounting courses in various formats are on the increase. The aim of this paper is to investigate the subject areas that any course specializing in forensic accounting needs to cover.展开更多
The word globalization and what it stands for is no longer new in the world of today. However, there is still no universal definition of globalization. This has led to erroneously or otherwise, the interchangeable use...The word globalization and what it stands for is no longer new in the world of today. However, there is still no universal definition of globalization. This has led to erroneously or otherwise, the interchangeable use of the word with internationalization and liberalization. Suffice it therefore to say that globalization is the transcendence of the economic, political, environmental, social and cultural constraints across territories. The task of this paper is essentially to ascertain the level of involvement of Africa via Nigeria in this new international economic power and order. This is necessary because Nigeria particularly, has become a good consumer of information technology which is an essential ingredient of globalization. The issue then is how prepared are the Nigerian languages in the challenges of information technology as demanded by globalization. What are the implications of the order to Nigerian cultural revival and development?展开更多
The intelligent vehicle network uses advanced information technology to establish an efficient integrated vehicle transport system, which has received great attention in industry and academia, lnternet of Vehicles (...The intelligent vehicle network uses advanced information technology to establish an efficient integrated vehicle transport system, which has received great attention in industry and academia, lnternet of Vehicles (loV) in an urban environment is operated in a wireless environment with high bit error rate and interference. In addition, the wireless link between vehicles is likely to be lost. All of this makes it an important challenge to provide reliable mobile routing in an urban traffic environment. In this paper, a reliable routing algorithm with network coding (RR_ NC) is proposed to solve the above problems. A routing node sequence is discovered in IoV from source to destination by multi-metric ant colony optimization algorithm (MACO), and then clusters are formed around every node in the sequence. By adding linear encoding into the transmission of data between vehicle's clusters, the RR_NC provides much more reliable transmission and can recover the original message in the event of disorder and loss of message. Simulations are taken under different scenarios, and the results prove that this novel algorithm can deliver the information more reliably between vehicles in real-time with lower data loss and communication overhead.展开更多
Globalization and information technologies are new realities that have brought profound changes in lifestyles worldwide. This is reshaping the overall pattern of life custom, cultural production, consumption and trade...Globalization and information technologies are new realities that have brought profound changes in lifestyles worldwide. This is reshaping the overall pattern of life custom, cultural production, consumption and trade in a world increasingly filled with changes and economic diversity. In an age of globalization, often ask questions and discussions concerning about successes and vitalities of nations. Globalization and technological revolutions race ahead and transform the world, and how to traces the real business to success. There are thousands of good examples where any nations have shown entrepreneurial talents and have succeeded. It is culture that principally explains, in many cases, or geographical pattern where some countries are developing more rapidly and more successfully than others. How to explain economic success of this nation's miracles or simple the secret is creative entrepreneurships? This paper explores the complex interactions between the geographic pattern from one side and cultural, technological and social aspects of entrepreneurship from other side which generates the dynamic processes of the world economy. In this era of transformation, creativity and knowledge entrepreneurship are powerful tools of fostering economic progress and development.展开更多
Accelerated globalization since the 1980s and particularly the 1990s and the development of web-based information and communication technologies (ICT) go hand in hand. Nonetheless, there has been little explicit res...Accelerated globalization since the 1980s and particularly the 1990s and the development of web-based information and communication technologies (ICT) go hand in hand. Nonetheless, there has been little explicit research on the influence of ICT on the globalization of firms. Despite a rich literature of the implementation of ICT and the design of global information systems in firms, the influence of ICT on the globalization of firms has not been explicitly researched from a management perspective. This paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in this field and to develop a basic framework for the study of the influence of ICT on the globalization of firms. Specifically, the paper reflects on the influence of ICT on the three subprocesses of globalization: internationalization, global network building, and global evolutionary dynamics.展开更多
Several computer theorists and professionals share the concepts of "signifier" and "signified" in intuitive terms but are often unfamiliar with semiotics. There is a special digital divide between semiotics and th...Several computer theorists and professionals share the concepts of "signifier" and "signified" in intuitive terms but are often unfamiliar with semiotics. There is a special digital divide between semiotics and the technology, because the semiotic notions are usually expressed through verbal expressions instead engineers use the mathematical language. In the first step, the present study suggests the formal descriptions of the signifier and the signified. In the second step, we show how these formal definitions are able to justify the hardware structure of a computer system, and even other properties of computing which are currently presented on the as-is basis. Concluding, the basic concepts of semiotics can unveil intriguing aspect of information technology展开更多
With the advent of knowledge, knowledge has become a key resource of economic increase and growth. More and more enterprises begin to adopt knowledge management to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, however, ...With the advent of knowledge, knowledge has become a key resource of economic increase and growth. More and more enterprises begin to adopt knowledge management to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, however, knowledge management is not simply the use of information technology, but need to establish corresponding corporate culture environment. Therefore, building corporate culture adapting to knowledge management is an important concern.展开更多
基金the Geo-information Science and Technology Program (No. IRT 0438)
文摘This study applied a computerized parametric methodology to monitor, map, and quantify land degradation by salinization risk detection techniques at a 1:250 000 mapping scale using geo-information technology. The northern part of the Shaanxi province in China was taken as a case. Multi-temporal remotely sensed materials of both Landsat TM and thematic maps (ETM+) were used as the bases to provide comprehensive views of surface conditions such as vegetation cover and salinization detection. With ERDAS ver. 9.1 software, the Normalized Differential Salinity Index (NDSl) and Salinity Index (S.I.) were computed and then evaluated for land degradation by salinization. Arc/Info ver. 9.2 software was used along with field observation data (GPS) for analysis. Using spatial analysis methods, results showed that 19 973.1 km^2 (72%) of land had no risk of land degradation by salinization, 3 684.7 km^2 (13%) had slight land degradation by salinization risk, 2 797.9 km^2 (10%) had moderate land degradation by salinization risk, and 1 218.9 km^2 (4%) of the total land area was at a high risk of land degradation by salinization. The study area, in general, is exposed to a high risk of soil salinization.
文摘Because of the importance of graphics and information within the domain of architecture, engineering and construction (AEC), an appropriate combination of visualization technology and information management technology is of utter importance in the development of appropriately supporting design and construction applications. Virtual environments, however, tend not to make this information available. The sparse number of applications that present additional information furthermore tend to limit their scope to pure construction information and do not incorporate information from loosely related knowledge domains, such as cultural heritage or architectural history information. We therefore started an investigation of two of the newest developments in these domains, namely game engine technology and semantic web technology. This paper documents part of this research, containing a review and comparison of the most prominent game engines and documenting our architectural semantic web. A short test-case illustrates how both can be combined to enhance information visualization for architectural design and construction.
基金Project supported by the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. D0210010).
文摘Using Landsat TM data of 1988, 1998 and 2001, the dynamic process of the spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes during 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in the special economic zone of Xiamen, China was analyzed to improve understanding and to find the driving forces of land use change so that sustainable land utilization could be practiced. During the 13 years cropland decreased remarkably by nearly 11304.95 ha. The areas of rural-urban construction and water body increased by 10 152.24 ha and 848.94 ha, respectively. From 1988 to 2001, 52.5% of the lost cropland was converted into rural-urban industrial land. Rapid urbanization contributed to a great change in the rate of cropland land use during these years. Land-reclamation also contributed to a decrease in water body area as well as marine ecological and environmental destruction. In the study area 1) urbanization and industrialization, 2) infrastructure and agricultural intensification, 3) increased affluence of the farming community, and 4) policy factors have driven the land use changes. Possible sustainable land use measures included construction of a land management system, land planning, development of potential land resources, new technology applications, and marine ecological and environmental protection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60473106)the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (Nos. 2007AA01Z311 and 2007AA04Z1A5)the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20060335114)
文摘Swept volume solid modeling has been applied to many areas such as NC machining simulation and verification, robot workspace analysis, collision detection, and CAD. But self-intersections continue to be a challenging problem in the boundary representation of swept volume solids. A novel algorithm is presented in this paper to trim self-intersection regions in swept volume solids modeling. This trimming algorithm consists of two major steps: (1) roughly detecting self-intersection regions by checking intersections or overlapping of the envelop profiles; (2) splitting the whole envelop surfaces of the swept volume solid into separate non-self-intersecting patches to trim global self-intersections, and to trim local self-intersections, dividing local self-intersecting regions into patches and replacing self-intersecting patches with non-self-intersecting ones. Examples show that our algorithm is efficient and robust.
文摘Existing computer-aided process planning (CAPP) systems for garment manufacturing emphasize all-purpose ones, lack specialism and availability. So, few developed is popular in the garment industries. This study is intended for developing a CAPP system, which aims at the actual condition of process planning in the small and medium size apparel enterprises (SMAs). It enables the technologists of process planning to be quicker in generating suitable plans that are similar to existing styles or new. It also automatically provides labor cost by considering the shop-ricer caztiticns. Process planning is achieved by adopting the Hybrid Interactive-variant process planning mete. The proposed system has been realized in Borland Delphi 7 and Orade 8. For validation of the system, the software has been implemented successfully in a firm named Jingchen in China.
文摘In the current social, agricultural development is heavily influenced by the level of agricultural information development, so, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of information technology in order to maintain a sustained, steady and rapid development of agriculture, as well as we use information technology in all aspects of agricultural production, so as to make more rapid and stable development of Chinese agriculture. In Agricultural Economics and Management should focus on the help of information technology. The main author makes a brief analysis on the role of information technology in the agricultural economy and the management of specific applications, which is designed to promote the further development of Chinese agriculture.
基金Project 40301042 supported by Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In this paper the application of spatialization technology on metadata quality check and updating was dis-cussed. A new method based on spatialization was proposed for checking and updating metadata to overcome the defi-ciency of text based methods with the powerful functions of spatial query and analysis provided by GIS software. Thismethod employs the technology of spatialization to transform metadata into a coordinate space and the functions ofspatial analysis in GIS to check and update spatial metadata in a visual environment. The basic principle and technicalflow of this method were explained in detail, and an example of implementation using ArcMap of GIS software wasillustrated with a metadata set of digital raster maps. The result shows the new method with the support of interactionof graph and text is much more intuitive and convenient than the ordinary text based method, and can fully utilize thefunctions of GIS spatial query and analysis with more accuracy and efficiency.
文摘Theater play that shows how textiles, make up, hair dyes and music players has changed along the last six decades, especially due to polymers. It is a play that has a historic, chemical and musical side that introduces the use of ICT (information and communications technology), such as Faeebook, Moodle platform, Web sites, E-mail, Word, Publisher, PowerPoint, Videos and Digital music. Results in the conduct of the students that participated: assertiveness, self-esteem, tolerance, cooperation, responsibility and teamwork, all of them significantly contributed a meaningful learning about the polymers.
文摘The problems of installation and integration of complex suite of software for processing medical images. Based analysis of the situation is realized in an easier integration of an automated system using the latest information technologies using the web - environment for analysis and segmentation of DICOM - images.
文摘The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretical relativistic framework for any research study is first and prime step in walking on the track to reach the distinction set by the researcher. Open and flexible learning is a new trend in education, enriched with ICT-use as a basic demand of the 21st century generation in all parts of the globe. So, it requires a theoretical framework for its initiation, implementation, development and evaluation which is relatively developed and advanced from the existing framework. In any research study the literature review is carried out in order to develop, build or construct a theoretical framework. The researcher of the study has observed while attending the international conference on ODL (AAOU, 2013) that most of the studies require theoretical underpinning for ICT-use in education. The researcher assume that being a new trend in education to use ICT for teaching learning purpose; it requires conceptual clarity and theoretical background of the user and researcher, because, without theory the practice is wastage of money, time and energy and it becomes ineffective and requires relatively new conceptual development. So, the problem stated by the researcher for the study was: Developing theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning: A new trend in educational research. The objective of the study was integrating the interrelated concepts to build a pnemonological network for identifying the constructs in ICT-rich open and flexible learning environment. The study was significant because it provided theoretical background for conducting research in ICT-use for teaching and learning through open and flexible systems; whether blended or online learning and training. The methodology used by the researcher was qualitative and interpretive because there were reviewing of literature and meta-analysis for building the framework. The data were analyzed and interpreted by the researcher for the findings and drawing conclusions. On the basis of conclusions the researcher has made suggestions and recommendations for conducting research in open and flexible learning environment by using this theoretical relativistic framework. The framework was named as Virtual Learning Environment Framework (VLEF).
文摘Antibiotic resistance has been compromised hospitalized patients with serious infections. The main cases of bacteremia can be caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown as an alternative for inactivation of microorganisms in blood. In this therapy photochemical mechanisms occur that may prevent the development of bacteria. This study aims optimization of PDT parameters for blood decontamination. Concentration ofphotosensitizer (PS), light dose (LD) and incubation time (IT) were studied for hemolysis and cell toxic effects. It was observed that PDT can be used for microbial inactivation in total blood reducing 0.85 log10 CFU/mL ofS. aureus at 15 J/cm^2 and 50μg/mL of Photogem .
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001081,41371006)Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZZD-EW-06)
文摘As the wide application of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) shows, the world is moving fast to- wards an information age. Since China was first connected to the Internet in 1994, the development of ICTs in China and around the world has been astonishingly fast, and yet there is a clear 'digital divide' among different regions in China. Although Chinese geogra- phers have paid attention to regional differences in informatization, they usually employ a limited number of indicators, mainly focusing on the Intemet. In fact, infi^rmatization is a much broader concept, covering not only the lntemet, but also mobile phones as well as user ability. In the light of these considerations, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the development of informatization and its spatial differences in China. First, based on a literature review, the paper identifies 29 preliminary indicators for measuring informa- tization, and employs prin,-ipal components analysis and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to streamline them into 12 indicators to form an ICTs Developmen: Index (ID1). Second, by using the data from provincial statistical yearbooks and the China Internet Network Information Center, the paper calculates the 1191 of each mega-region and each province in 2000-2010, and measures the changing spa- tial differences in the development of informatization in China. Lastly, the paper quantifies the relationship between informatization and economic growth. The empirical results show that the IDI of the western and central China has been increasing faster than that of the coastal region, indicating that the digital divide in China has been narrowing.
文摘Forensic accountants today are required to possess a number of characteristics and skills that are derived from a range of disciplines. They must be inquisitive, able to delve into motivations, operations and justifications underlying the behavior of white collar criminals. They must be able to simplify technical accounting information and convey it effectively orally and in writing to a court or tribunal; be able to trace information via information technology tools; have an understanding of the adversarial legal system and the rules of evidence. Universities offering forensic accounting courses in various formats are on the increase. The aim of this paper is to investigate the subject areas that any course specializing in forensic accounting needs to cover.
文摘The word globalization and what it stands for is no longer new in the world of today. However, there is still no universal definition of globalization. This has led to erroneously or otherwise, the interchangeable use of the word with internationalization and liberalization. Suffice it therefore to say that globalization is the transcendence of the economic, political, environmental, social and cultural constraints across territories. The task of this paper is essentially to ascertain the level of involvement of Africa via Nigeria in this new international economic power and order. This is necessary because Nigeria particularly, has become a good consumer of information technology which is an essential ingredient of globalization. The issue then is how prepared are the Nigerian languages in the challenges of information technology as demanded by globalization. What are the implications of the order to Nigerian cultural revival and development?
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund(No.037/2015/A1),Macao SAR,China
文摘The intelligent vehicle network uses advanced information technology to establish an efficient integrated vehicle transport system, which has received great attention in industry and academia, lnternet of Vehicles (loV) in an urban environment is operated in a wireless environment with high bit error rate and interference. In addition, the wireless link between vehicles is likely to be lost. All of this makes it an important challenge to provide reliable mobile routing in an urban traffic environment. In this paper, a reliable routing algorithm with network coding (RR_ NC) is proposed to solve the above problems. A routing node sequence is discovered in IoV from source to destination by multi-metric ant colony optimization algorithm (MACO), and then clusters are formed around every node in the sequence. By adding linear encoding into the transmission of data between vehicle's clusters, the RR_NC provides much more reliable transmission and can recover the original message in the event of disorder and loss of message. Simulations are taken under different scenarios, and the results prove that this novel algorithm can deliver the information more reliably between vehicles in real-time with lower data loss and communication overhead.
文摘Globalization and information technologies are new realities that have brought profound changes in lifestyles worldwide. This is reshaping the overall pattern of life custom, cultural production, consumption and trade in a world increasingly filled with changes and economic diversity. In an age of globalization, often ask questions and discussions concerning about successes and vitalities of nations. Globalization and technological revolutions race ahead and transform the world, and how to traces the real business to success. There are thousands of good examples where any nations have shown entrepreneurial talents and have succeeded. It is culture that principally explains, in many cases, or geographical pattern where some countries are developing more rapidly and more successfully than others. How to explain economic success of this nation's miracles or simple the secret is creative entrepreneurships? This paper explores the complex interactions between the geographic pattern from one side and cultural, technological and social aspects of entrepreneurship from other side which generates the dynamic processes of the world economy. In this era of transformation, creativity and knowledge entrepreneurship are powerful tools of fostering economic progress and development.
文摘Accelerated globalization since the 1980s and particularly the 1990s and the development of web-based information and communication technologies (ICT) go hand in hand. Nonetheless, there has been little explicit research on the influence of ICT on the globalization of firms. Despite a rich literature of the implementation of ICT and the design of global information systems in firms, the influence of ICT on the globalization of firms has not been explicitly researched from a management perspective. This paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in this field and to develop a basic framework for the study of the influence of ICT on the globalization of firms. Specifically, the paper reflects on the influence of ICT on the three subprocesses of globalization: internationalization, global network building, and global evolutionary dynamics.
文摘Several computer theorists and professionals share the concepts of "signifier" and "signified" in intuitive terms but are often unfamiliar with semiotics. There is a special digital divide between semiotics and the technology, because the semiotic notions are usually expressed through verbal expressions instead engineers use the mathematical language. In the first step, the present study suggests the formal descriptions of the signifier and the signified. In the second step, we show how these formal definitions are able to justify the hardware structure of a computer system, and even other properties of computing which are currently presented on the as-is basis. Concluding, the basic concepts of semiotics can unveil intriguing aspect of information technology
文摘With the advent of knowledge, knowledge has become a key resource of economic increase and growth. More and more enterprises begin to adopt knowledge management to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises, however, knowledge management is not simply the use of information technology, but need to establish corresponding corporate culture environment. Therefore, building corporate culture adapting to knowledge management is an important concern.