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“道歉”的语用研究及对Meier“修复工作”的完善 被引量:11
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作者 蒋景阳 胡蓉 《浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)》 CSSCI 2005年第6期170-176,共7页
道歉行为在语用学里是一个热门话题,研究方向大体可以分为两种:第一种是在“礼貌/面子”理论框架上进行的;第二种持“修复”观点,以Meier为代表。后者建立在批判和继承前者的基础上,是目前较为流行的,并且沿袭了受到公认的分析道歉行为... 道歉行为在语用学里是一个热门话题,研究方向大体可以分为两种:第一种是在“礼貌/面子”理论框架上进行的;第二种持“修复”观点,以Meier为代表。后者建立在批判和继承前者的基础上,是目前较为流行的,并且沿袭了受到公认的分析道歉行为的理论思路。但是,Meier的“修复工作”仍旧无法完美地解释中国语境下的道歉行为。一方面,对于道歉的起因,中国式道歉可能并没有违反社会规范,或者道歉发生在违反社会规范之前;另一方面,对于道歉的结果,除了Meier提出的“修复”,中国式道歉还能达到“美化”的效果。而且中国式道歉还有可能是“反”和谐的,从而导致中国人的道歉频率比较低。总之,Meier的模型有待修改,从而适应中国式道歉的特殊性。 展开更多
关键词 道歉 Brown和Levinson “修复工作” “和谐” 中国式道歉
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Optimization of Fermentation and Product Collection Process of the Functional Bacteria for Bioremediation of Shrimp Culture Environment
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作者 李秋芬 邹玉霞 +3 位作者 辛福言 曲克明 陈民山 马绍赛 《Marine Science Bulletin》 CAS 2006年第1期53-60,共8页
In order to implement industrial production of selected functional bacteria for bioremediation of shrimp culture environment, the fermentation conditions of the three functional bacteria, which have high ability in de... In order to implement industrial production of selected functional bacteria for bioremediation of shrimp culture environment, the fermentation conditions of the three functional bacteria, which have high ability in degrading organic pollutants at the bottom of shrimp ponds, were studied. The results showed that the favorable fermentation medium (per L) was 25 g of peptone, 5 g of yeast extract, and 0.2 g of ferric phosphate, and the initial pH value of the medium was 8.0. The optimum fermentation time was 20 h. The optimum stirring way was stirring one hour after one hour. Iso-electric point sedimentation collecting method was the most efficient and economic method to collect the bacteria cells after fermentation, with the optimum sediment pH of 3.67, 4.02, and 3.40 for the strains Lt7222, Gy7018 and Lt7511,respectively. It was also indicated that the survival and reproducing ability of the bacterial cells were not affected by the sedimentation process. 展开更多
关键词 Aquaculture environment BIOREMEDIATION Functional bacteria FERMENTATION
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Challenge to Restore the Heritage Buildings Damaged by the 2011 Tsunami Attacks, Kesennuma, Japan
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作者 Hideo Izumida 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2015年第8期999-1011,共13页
A large number of towns along the Sanriku coastal line were swept away by tsunami attacks on March 11,2011. Although some heritage buildings survived, the damage condition was too severe to carry on repair and restore... A large number of towns along the Sanriku coastal line were swept away by tsunami attacks on March 11,2011. Although some heritage buildings survived, the damage condition was too severe to carry on repair and restore them to the owners. As the municipal cultural heritage division and local cultural society in Kesennuma City were looking for possibility to save these damaged heritage buildings, the author gave them full assistance. To apply for fund for the repair and restoration work to related foundations, the author made an investigation of the damage conditions, prepared measured drawings, fundamental restoration plans and cost estimates. Domestic and international foundations granted funds to our projects for three years in May 2012, and we formed a restoration body to take responsibility of repair and restoration work. But soon, we were faced with several difficulties. The first is that we had to wait for a long time until the authority fixed the town redevelopment plan, meeting the National Guideline of Tsunami-Free Redevelopment. The second is that the building cost continued to increase during rapid-development periods. Although the author expected to complete the whole work within three years, the progress is really slow, and has not amounted to a quarter. 展开更多
关键词 Heritage building repair RESTORATION TSUNAMI DISASTER JAPAN timber structure.
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