杨梅嫁接“假活”的原因及解决方法

普遍反映杨梅嫁接成活率低．有的还反映出现“假活”现象．所谓“假活”．是指杨梅嫁接后发几片叶子和长出一段新短梢后．无其它外界影响．又自然枯萎死亡。造成“假活”的因素很多．只要查明原因．采取相应措施．是可以避免的。

渭北塬区新栽梨树发生“假活”怎么办

近年来，在渭北塬区，梨树栽植以后，虽然大多数幼树都能萌发，而且还能长出部分枝叶，但是随着气温的升高，一般到夏末，部分幼树就开始停长并逐渐枯死，这种现象被称为梨树“假活”。找出“假活”现象发生的原因并采取相应的防止措施，是渭北塬区提高新栽梨树成活率的关键所在。

苗木定植后咋防“假活”和“假死”

每年春季苗木定植后，一些苗木常出现以下现象：（一）苗木发芽展叶快，但生长一段时间，突然又会枝干叶枯死亡，这种现象叫“假活”。（二）苗木迟迟不发芽，但板折枝条看，里面却嫩绿且枝条柔软，并没有干枯，过段时间甚至第二年。它才发芽生长，这种现象叫“假死”。针对以上这两种现象，生产和经营者咋预防？分析这些现象产生的原因：苗木“假活”现象是因为有些苗木凭借自身贮藏的养分抽生了枝条，

果苗、果树的“假活”原因和解决方法

用嫁接、扦插繁殖果苗和新栽的果树。到了萌动生长的春季，在植株长出几张叶片和长出一段短梢后，又无其他因素影响，就停止生长并枯萎死亡，这种现象就叫“假活”。造成“假活”的因素很多，只有查明原因，采取相应措施，才能避免果树的“假活”现象。

月季扦插防“假活”

秋天是月季嫩枝扦插的好时机。但月季在扦插过程中常会出现“假活”现象，即当扦插5～10天，插条上腋芽已萌动或抽条发叶，看上去已成活，可不久又萎蔫而死亡。要想避免月季扦插“假活”，需注意以下三点：

新栽植蓝莓树“假活”现象的发生及其预防

蓝莓作为一种新兴果树近年来得到较快发展，当前以基地种植为主，是农业产业化程度较高的作物之一。由于蓝莓树比较娇气，根系弱，对土壤条件要求苛刻，生产中出现很多蓝莓树“假活”的现象，即栽植后虽能萌发，还能长出部分枝叶，但随着气温升高，到夏末部分幼树开始出现停长，有时会持续多年，树体不死不活，不能正常开花结果。有时结果几年后蓝莓大树也会出现上述“假活”现象，严重影响其产量和效益。找出蓝莓树“假活”现象发生的原因并采取相应的措施，对提高蓝莓产量和效益具有重要意义。

油用牡丹“假活”现象原因分析及预防措施

油用牡丹特殊的生物学特性造成了栽植过程中"假活"现象多发,严重影响了油用牡丹产业的健康发展。本文从油用牡丹"假活"现象产生的原因着手,提出了预防油用牡丹产生"假活"现象的措施,为油用牡丹的成功栽植和产业发展奠定了基础。

果苗嫁接成活率不高的原因分析

随着科学的发展，嫁接已成为发展林业特别是果木生产的重要手段，其作用越来越大。但还存在一些问题，有的嫁接成活率不高，有的出现“假活”现象（即苗木发出几片叶子和长出一段短梢后，无外界影响，又自然死亡）．必须加以解决。其原因和解决办法主要在以下几个方面。

大树移植七讲究

近几年，万安县新农村建设整片推进以来，大树移植日渐增多，但笔者发现，不少村庄和精品点道路移植的胸径15cm以上的树木“假活”现象居高不下，影响了美观，浪费了资源，增加了投入。为此，笔者从7个方面介绍大树移植的技术要求。

The Enlightment on Task-based Teaching Derived from Input Hypothesis

Aiming at gradually developing and perfecting the task-based teaching method, the essay, with enlightment from the Krashen＇s Input Hypothesis, discusses some issues about input, output, activities and teacher＇s role in this method.

Gastric pseudolipomatosis, usual or unusual? Re-evaluation of 909 endoscopic gastric biopsies

Microvesicular pneumatosis intestinalis, also called 'pseudolipomatosis' for resembling fatty infiltration, is characterized by the presence of small gas voids in the gastrointestinal wall, especially in mucosa. These voids are not lined with epithelia. There are few reported cases about colon, duodenum and skin. Because there is only one case report about pseudolipomatosis in the stomach, we reevaluated 909 endoscopic biopsies taken from gastric corpus to check the presence of pseudolipomatosis. We determined pseudolipomatosis foci in 3 percent (n=27) of biopsies. In two cases there were pseudolipomatosis foci in endoscopic biopsies having otherwise normal histologic findings, while there were pseudolipomatosis foci in endoscopic biopsies of 25 patients with gastritis. H pylori was found in 85 % of biopsies having pseudolipomatosis foci. In this study, we presented some histopathologic characteristics of pseudolipomatosis seen in gastric mucosa.

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Immune Response of Juvenile Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)

A marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas sp. BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopus japonicus. Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0(control), 105, 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days. Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control(P < 0.01). The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet(P < 0.05). In addition, 105 and 107 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber, respectively, in comparison with other diets(P < 0.01). Sea cucumbers, 10 each diet, were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB13 after 45 days of feeding. It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet. Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber, stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V. splendidus.

Reuse of waste frying oil for production of rhamnolipids using Pseudomonas aeruginosa zju.u1M

In this work,rhamnolipid production was investigated using waste frying oil as the sole carbon source. By culture in shaking flasks,a naturally isolated strain synthesized rhamnolipid at concentration of 12.47 g/L and its mutant after treatment by UV light increased this productivity to 24.61 g/L. Fermentation was also conducted in a 50 L bioreactor and the productivity reached over 20 g/L. Hence,with a stable and high productive mutant strain,it could be feasible to reuse waste frying oil for rhamnolipid production on industrial scale.

Stability of Surfactant-coated Candida Rugosa Lipase in Isooctane

The stability of Candida rugosa lipase coated with glutamic acid didodecyl ester ribitol amide was investigated taking esterification of lauryl alcohol and lauric acid in isooctane as a model reaction. At 30C, the half-life of the activity of the coated lipase was ca 10 h, the enzyme activity became less changed after 12 h and the residual activity was 39% of the initial value. The coated lipase obeyed a first-order deactivation model with a deactivation energy of 29.9J.mol-1.

Preparation and Acid Catalytic Activity of TiO2 Grafted Silica MCM-41 with Sulfate Treatment

TiO2 grafted silica MCM-41 catalyst with and without sulfate treatment were prepared. The structural and acid properties of these materials were investigated by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, element analysis, thermal analysis, Raman and FTIR measurements. Their acid-catalytic activities were evaluated using the cyclization reaction of pseudoionone. It was found that the obtained materials possess well-ordered mesostructure, and the grafted TiO2 components were in highly dispersed amorphous form. T/MCM41 without sulfation contained only Lewis acid sites, while Brφnsted and Lewis acidities were remarkably improved for the sulfated materials ST/MCM41 and d-ST/MCM41. T/MCM-41 was not active for the cyclization reaction of pseudoionone, but ST/MCM-41 and d-ST/MCM-41 possessed favorable catalytic activities. The catalytic performance of ST/MCM-41 was comparable with that of the commercial solid acid catalyst of Amberlyst-15, and better than that of d-ST/MCM-41, although the latter underwent a second TiO2 grafting process and accordingly had higher Ti and S content. The specific surface structure of Si-O-Ti-O-S=O in ST/MCM-41 and the bilateral induction effect of Si and S=O on Si-O-Ti bonds were speculated to account for its higher acid catalytic activity.

Sea Turtles in Vietnam： On the Edge of Extinction

Five species of foraging and breeding sea turtles have been identified in Vietnam, they are Green turtle （Chelonia mydas）, Loggerhead turtle （Caretta caretta）, Olive ridley turtle （Lepidochelys olivacea）, Hawksbill turtle （Eretmochelys imbricata） and Leatherback turtle （Dermochelys coriacea）. Among them, with the exception of Loggerhead turtle （Caretta caretta）, four species have been being lay eggs on the beaches along the country. However, these populations have been strongly suffered by human activities for decades. The number of foraging and breeding Hawksbill and Leatherback sea turtles has dramatically decreased, and Olive Ridley turtle has almost disappeared on their traditional nesting beaches. Beside the reason of harvesting eggs and nesting turtles by catch or by purpose, the developments in coastal areas where sea turtles laying eggs such as in shrimp aquaculture, tourist resort and residential area developments etc., also contributed to this decline of sea turtles. Despite the fact that the recent raising awareness programs on protection and conservation of the sea turtle were very well done with the participation of many organizations and provinces, this important animals still face the risk of extinction in Vietnam.

Anthropogenic Earth-Change： We Are on a Slippery Slope, Breaking New Ground and It＇s Our Fault---A Multi-disciplinary Review and New Unified Earth-System Hypothesis

Human activity could be changing the Earth＇s foundations themselves, as we affect multiple systems interacting in feedback mechanisms changing the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, and even the lithosphere （solid surface） and asthenosphere （deformable semi-molten rock layer beneath）. Anthropogenic movement of ice, water and sediment alters viscosity and movement of the asthenosphere; this induces earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanism and rifting, and may induce plate-tectonic-change. These processes may account for the timing of unexplained contemporary Icelandic, New Zealand, Chilean, Japanese and Indonesian seismicity, volcanism and magma movement. Climate-change and sea-level rise are creating： slip-planes from differential water pore-pressures and/or weakening of previous fault-planes; sediment-change and altered hydrology and reservoir-mass, inducing isostasy and further change in pore-pressure. Loss of plant biomass and diversity alter hydrology, precipitation and transpiration, causing isostasy and further sediment- and climate-change. Increased ocean-mass, temperatures and acidity, reduced oceanic oxygenation, and increased transport of （organic） sediments elevate the production and destabilisation of gas-hydrates, causing slumps and tsunamis. Isostasy and altered viscosity of the asthenosphere increase seismicity, slope and faulting, which are the prime triggers for slumping and tsunamis. Altered asthenosphere flows hasten subduction and rifting landward of subduction, enhancing volcanism. All of these processes predominantly coincide, temporally and spatially, in the coasts and continental margins, and the Pacific ring-of-fire, although response times and extents may vary from immediate to multi-millennial scales and from negligible to catastrophic. Contemporary Icelandic seismic and volcanic activity is explained by depleted magma reserves on the north-western side of the mid-ocean ridge as asthenosphere moves from the constructive boundary under deglaciating and rising Greenland.

Optimization of Biosurfactant Production from Glycerol by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa EQ 109 Using Factorial Design 2^3

One possible application for the excess of glycerol, which is an exceeding byproduct in biodiesel industry, was used as carbon and energy sources for bioproducts synthesis. This work aims to evaluate biosurfactant production from glycerol by Pseudomonas aeruginosa EQ 109 isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil. Factorial design 2^3 was utilized to optimize the amount of biosurfactant produced, by using pH （A）, initial biomass concentration （B）, and initial glycerol concentration （C） as independent factors. The experiments were carried out in flasks containing 100 mL of mineral medium. Biosurfactant production was monitored by increase of the emulsification of aviation kerosene （E24） and surface tension reduction （STr）. The results have shown that, at pH = 7.0, in order to increase E24, variables as B and C are the most influential, leading to a maximum value of E24 = 79%, as well as for an increase of GC （GCmax = 49%）. STR was the variable with the best correlation factor for the proposed linear model （R2=0.96） and its maximum value was 48%. Xfwas not significant to the model, although it was influenced by pH and C, with C = 40g/L （Xfmax = 4.56 g/L）.