In the past decades, a lot of advances in understanding the biochemistry and physiology of the pineal gland have been made. There is evidence that it interacts with many endocrine as well as non-endocrine tissues to i...In the past decades, a lot of advances in understanding the biochemistry and physiology of the pineal gland have been made. There is evidence that it interacts with many endocrine as well as non-endocrine tissues to influence their metabolic activity modulating many organs and functions. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain and plays an important role in regulating the neuroendocrine system. This hormone is one of the major role players in the regulation of the circadian sleep-wake cycle. It is normally released from the pineal gland during the night in response to environmental changes in light. Studies have shown that melatonin plays a role in the regulation of many reproductive processes such as puberty, gonadal function, and pregnancy. Beside these, melatonin has been shown to be able to directly neutralize a number of free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The main objective of this review is to provide comprehensive information about the new developments in melatonin research regarding its role in reproduction. A review of international scientific literature was done and a question-and-answer format was used in an attempt to convey comprehensive information in a simple manner. This review discusses evidence currently available relating to the effect of melatonin on reproductive processes. It deliberates the mechanism of action of melatonin, its effect on puberty, testicular and ovafunction, pregnancy, and oxidative stress. A growing body of scientific evidence is suggesting that melatonin plays an important role in reproductive function. It is therefore imperative to highlight the beneficial effects of this hormone in improving the reproductive processes.展开更多
Objective:To explore the present situation and development of Medical Delivery System in China.Methods:The data in three Nation Health Service Investigations were compared and analyzed by applying literature meta-anal...Objective:To explore the present situation and development of Medical Delivery System in China.Methods:The data in three Nation Health Service Investigations were compared and analyzed by applying literature meta-analysis,Delphi and cross-sectional investigation,etc.Results:The Medical Ser- vice resource develops fast,and public cost for medical treatment keeps increasing.Organization structure presents a vertical and flat trend.Inhabitant health level rises year by year,and it is hard to resolve the problem of potential medical demand transformed.Conclusion:Medical Delivery System in China has formed,but the development of Medical Service System still exists structural problems in the deeper lay- er.The development trend predicts that the supervision of the government is gradually reinforcing and community health service develops step by step.展开更多
In the paper, three farms of Jiansanjiang Farming Bureau and five villages in of Dayushu Town in Fujin county randomly were taken as data sources for the investigation of household behavior of reclamation and agricult...In the paper, three farms of Jiansanjiang Farming Bureau and five villages in of Dayushu Town in Fujin county randomly were taken as data sources for the investigation of household behavior of reclamation and agricultural area under different land systems, and it can be concluded that the main content included production scale, arable land use structure, household behavior and economic benefits. By comparison and analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of reclamation and agricultural area can be found, which could provide references for agricultural land reform for achieving a more suitable socio-economic of efficient use and sustained and healthy development of agriculture.展开更多
Under the background of rapid development of the Intemet, the traditional garment industry in China has undergone changes in marketing, payment and logistics and warehousing. The development trend of the,apparel indus...Under the background of rapid development of the Intemet, the traditional garment industry in China has undergone changes in marketing, payment and logistics and warehousing. The development trend of the,apparel industry is becoming more and more obvious. However, faced with the strong Internet impact, the retailing of apparel is confronted with both development constraints and new challenges. The individualized consumption demand is becoming more and more prominent.How to achieve the successful transformation of the entity retailing in the competitive environment, To meet the diverse needs of consumers.Therefore, based on the theory and practice, this paper analyzes the present situation and trend of the development of garment retailing in the Internet environment, and aims at providing theoretical analysis basis for the change of China's garment retailing industry.Application of reference to promote the network environment of China's traditional garment industry restructuring and healthy and sustainable development.展开更多
With the continuous development of science and technology and constantly improve of the quality of life, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of the environment. According to the serious problem that r...With the continuous development of science and technology and constantly improve of the quality of life, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of the environment. According to the serious problem that resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by the traditional building materials, green building materials has been the support of the people. Because of its low consumption, less pollution, beneficial to human health, harmony with the environment and other excellent performance, the green building materials has a rapid development in recent years. This paper is based on the thinking of innovation, starting from the environment, energy saving point of view, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of green building materials, explore the developing trend and future of this new type of material.展开更多
Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China, the development of China' s medical and health undertakings has been very significant along with the rapid development of economy, and the people' s h...Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China, the development of China' s medical and health undertakings has been very significant along with the rapid development of economy, and the people' s health level is steadily improved and the life expectancy is on the top list in the developing world. However, there are remarkable health differences among urban and rural areas, different regions, and small, medium-sized and large cities. In this paper, on the basis of the healthy social economic decision theory, the characteristics and causes of the regional difference between China' s residents in the health level are systematically analyzed, and then the strategies for the harmonious regional development of the Chinese population health are deeply discussed.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's economy, the entire social requires the safety, reliability and automation of power supply and distribution system must be improved. Therefore, extensive application of PLC techn...With the rapid development of China's economy, the entire social requires the safety, reliability and automation of power supply and distribution system must be improved. Therefore, extensive application of PLC technology in power supply and distribution system has great significance to ensure normal social life and production, so as to realize the entire national economy sustained and healthy development. This paper briefly introduces the PLC technology, and with practice elaborates the applications of control technology based on PLC in power supply and distribution system fi:om the reform of low-voltage distribution system, automation management and relay protection of power supply and distribution system etc.展开更多
SMEs in the national economy is an imporl^nt part of maintaining market stability, and it has a very important role for the operation to ensure a rational pricing mechanism and to ensure thll employment and promote su...SMEs in the national economy is an imporl^nt part of maintaining market stability, and it has a very important role for the operation to ensure a rational pricing mechanism and to ensure thll employment and promote sustained and healthy develop, and it ensures social stability. However, the presence of SMEs in the financial control is weak; problems of accounting information distortion and other issues limit itself to develop, and we do some research on the current problems and countermeasures of SME financial management.展开更多
The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China's socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady developm...The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China's socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady development of the banking sector-based financial sector. Real estate price have a significant impact not only on the development ofmacroeconomic stability, but on the safety of financial system. Chinese economy is currently on the period of transition from investment and export promotion of economic growth mode to a demand-led growth, it is an important role to China's economic growth for sustained and healthy development of real estate market.展开更多
An extensive review and analysis of the available global energy sources data and information from 38 countries including Pakistan, and their impacts (socio-economic, environmental, and health) shows that one of the ...An extensive review and analysis of the available global energy sources data and information from 38 countries including Pakistan, and their impacts (socio-economic, environmental, and health) shows that one of the most sustainable and environment friendly energy options (especially considering rural areas) is renewable energy (solar and wind), while other options (in descending order) are hydro, nuclear and coal. The use of "oil and gas" as energy option is not cost effective due to its serious environmental, health and financial implications. The cost of producing 1 KWh of energy from oil and gas in Pakistan is around Rs. 20 (U.S. $ 0.19), while the same costs for hydro power and coal are 1/10th and ~nd respectively. Appropriate and suitable energy options are proposed in view of the current energy situation, available natural resources (water, coal, wind and sun), serious energy conservation efforts and efficient usage of available energy.展开更多
This paper focuses on health promotion and community development programmes conducted within Pacific nation locations. A literature review was carried out that identified differences in understanding of the practice o...This paper focuses on health promotion and community development programmes conducted within Pacific nation locations. A literature review was carried out that identified differences in understanding of the practice of health promotion and community development in Pacific Island communities when compared with the rest of the developed world: Snakes and ladders is a metaphor for process and progress of such programmes whereby health and community gains are made only to collapse and fall back, close to or at, the starting point Reasons for this are discussed, particularly through comparison with health promotion and community development programmes in other non-Pacific countries, and with success factors identified in such programmes. This link between methodological approaches of international funding agencies and the success or otherwise of programmes, is identified. Suggestions are made as to approaches to be used when working within Pacific lsland nations. These approaches involve empowerment of the local community to lead, manage, and evaluate the effectiveness of these health promotion and community development programmes.展开更多
Tungiasis is an ectoparasitic skin disease caused by the penetration of the female sand flea, Tungapenetrans, into the epidermis of the host. Through an intensive literature review, poor hygiene, poverty, social negle...Tungiasis is an ectoparasitic skin disease caused by the penetration of the female sand flea, Tungapenetrans, into the epidermis of the host. Through an intensive literature review, poor hygiene, poverty, social neglect, ignorance, and poor cultural beliefs were found to promote jigger infestation in Kenya. The research revealed the vicious cycle of poverty, low educational standards, low self-esteem/stigmatization, violation of civil rights, HIV/AIDS and secondary infections as the effects of the infestation. Fumigation, on-host treatment of animals, proper hygiene, and health education are the suggested control measures. Generally, one needs to be physically, emotionally and socially sound to appropriately deliver the much needed services of national development. The jigger infestation negatively impacts on these aspects of human health, hampering the wholesome participation in nation building by both the infected and the affected. As a country, the Jigger menace is frustrating Kenya's attempts to achieve the Millennium Development Goal on poverty reduction by the year 2015, as well as reducing the pace of national development.展开更多
According to the characteristics of ecosystem and concept of the ecosystem in mining area, the index system of the ecosystem health in mining area was set up, and the evaluation standard was established. Aiming at the...According to the characteristics of ecosystem and concept of the ecosystem in mining area, the index system of the ecosystem health in mining area was set up, and the evaluation standard was established. Aiming at the complexion in which the information lost in index ration, the matter element method was put forward to evaluate the ecosystem health in mining area. Making use of the model set up, the weight was built up by the method of index number heavy, the matter element, clas- sical field, and limit field were set up. The rating hierarchy was calculated by relating function. As a case study in the mining area of Pingyangsi Town, the results show that the ecosystem is good and sustainable from 2003 to 2006, but the healthy degree is not high, and some indexes have depravation.展开更多
According to five consecutive year' s mental Health survey for freshmen in a higher vocational school, it is found that: vocational students' mental health is gradually improved; the most prominent psychological pr...According to five consecutive year' s mental Health survey for freshmen in a higher vocational school, it is found that: vocational students' mental health is gradually improved; the most prominent psychological problems among higher vocational students are: compulsion, depression and interpersonal communication; boys' mental health is significantly better than girls' ; students from different grades have varies mental health problems.展开更多
This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the supp...This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the support in the event of a major catastrophe from public health and civil defense organizations. The issue is not whether governments will be required to respond to emergencies but rather when and how frequently. The time to think about emergencies is before they happen. Despite some significant weakness in the overall approach, political implications offer many benefits and provide various options for CDCs (community development corporations) to get involved in disaster recovery and emergency management. Based upon a generally positive evaluation, the paper concludes that emergency management must become a central activity, whether at the federal, state, or local or as an intergovernmental activity. Hopefully for the future the government does not have to wait for a disaster to strike for one to put a policy into place, since they have had several to occur over decades. The government should be ready to take on any disaster if it occurs with the following policies and procedures that are in place.展开更多
The urban economic development needs transportation facilities. People moves form one location to the other rapidly. The amount of vehicle increases, it also increases lead content in the air. As a research topic is t...The urban economic development needs transportation facilities. People moves form one location to the other rapidly. The amount of vehicle increases, it also increases lead content in the air. As a research topic is the human health cost increases as lead content in the air increases. Lead impacts increase public health cost. This research identifies the determinant of public health cost and estimates the respondent's willingness to pay (WTP). The respondents are 146 people in three areas of study, Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Dose response method determinates the valuation of lead impact caused by emission to human health. Contingent valuation method estimates the respondents' WTP to take care human health by keeping the environmental condition. It is analyzed by ordered probit model. By increasing lead pollutant, the health impacts are 123,647 cases of incremental child IQ, 15,783 cases of hypertension, 17 cases of coroner core, and 127 cases of premature mortality. Total health compensation cost because of lead impact is 1,469,594,723,409 (US $122,466,226.95). The increasing of the probability of respondent's WTP is only 0.00000233 percent, if the dependent variables increase one percent. It indicates that people's awareness to keep their environment and to decrease lead content is not good enough, despite the fact that there is some increase of awareness for example展开更多
One of the main contemporary problems requiring urgent attention since its present and future repercussions on particular countries is the decrease of population and related problems of population ageing. The populati...One of the main contemporary problems requiring urgent attention since its present and future repercussions on particular countries is the decrease of population and related problems of population ageing. The population ageing is not a worldwide problem yet, it concerns mostly world developed countries. On the other hand, it is a known fact that the population ageing in developing countries will culminate in few decades and will be more dramatic as the current population ageing in the developed world. In the developed countries, the population ageing is cause by the prolonged human life and the decrease of natality. This trend is resulting from many factors that are related to the modernization of the society which caused the decrease in fertility and natality. The health care improvement resulted in the prolonged life expectancy and a better health condition of the population. The science advance prolonged the average life expectancy which is the main reason for the population ageing.展开更多
The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity? How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes? How ...The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity? How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes? How to work with the current global economic models? Can the current European integration process be considered as natural? Is a weak state a new opportunity for a future strong economy? What is the historical essence of the liberal thought? Why the current economic models are not permanent, why are they not sustainable, and why are they not developing for the basic quantum, which is the man as an individual? Can also the basic quantum be integration units as family, society, company, municipality, region, country, or EU, etc.? Qualified answers to the questions can be seen in a theoretical context of the General Theory of the Sustainable Development (GTSD), too. Theoretical trinity of GTSD is based on three theoretical pillars: GPT (Gravitation Polarity Theory), QET (Quantum Economy Theory), and BIT (Big Integration Theory). They can be considered as relevant theoretical basics for historical, current, and future sustainable development process. The healthy business environment is based on the healing of man. In GTSD, businessman and man gain a new source of knowledge, a new natural relationship, and a new content. This is a responsibility towards the customer and towards the pa^ner in business. Businessman's profit speaks about a new business in natural partnerships. Sustainable development without the Groove Management (second generation management) and without the fourth Reformation (with second generation of innovation) is a process that only reflects the regressive trend that takes place for more than 6000 years. Without the new content of the Fifth Theoretical Dimension (Consciousness) the historical mainstream of sustainable development process cannot be grasped. The biggest risk for the expected Healthy business society is a contemporary slave communism and contemporary crazy capitalism. Feasibility of business models of healthy business doing societies stands not only on adequate theoretical basis, but also on predicted cannibalism between slave communism and crazy capitalism. The biggest current risk of healthy business environment is a political arbitrariness, the desire for power, and the desire for money----corruption.展开更多
文摘In the past decades, a lot of advances in understanding the biochemistry and physiology of the pineal gland have been made. There is evidence that it interacts with many endocrine as well as non-endocrine tissues to influence their metabolic activity modulating many organs and functions. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in the brain and plays an important role in regulating the neuroendocrine system. This hormone is one of the major role players in the regulation of the circadian sleep-wake cycle. It is normally released from the pineal gland during the night in response to environmental changes in light. Studies have shown that melatonin plays a role in the regulation of many reproductive processes such as puberty, gonadal function, and pregnancy. Beside these, melatonin has been shown to be able to directly neutralize a number of free radicals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The main objective of this review is to provide comprehensive information about the new developments in melatonin research regarding its role in reproduction. A review of international scientific literature was done and a question-and-answer format was used in an attempt to convey comprehensive information in a simple manner. This review discusses evidence currently available relating to the effect of melatonin on reproductive processes. It deliberates the mechanism of action of melatonin, its effect on puberty, testicular and ovafunction, pregnancy, and oxidative stress. A growing body of scientific evidence is suggesting that melatonin plays an important role in reproductive function. It is therefore imperative to highlight the beneficial effects of this hormone in improving the reproductive processes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70333002)
文摘Objective:To explore the present situation and development of Medical Delivery System in China.Methods:The data in three Nation Health Service Investigations were compared and analyzed by applying literature meta-analysis,Delphi and cross-sectional investigation,etc.Results:The Medical Ser- vice resource develops fast,and public cost for medical treatment keeps increasing.Organization structure presents a vertical and flat trend.Inhabitant health level rises year by year,and it is hard to resolve the problem of potential medical demand transformed.Conclusion:Medical Delivery System in China has formed,but the development of Medical Service System still exists structural problems in the deeper lay- er.The development trend predicts that the supervision of the government is gradually reinforcing and community health service develops step by step.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571167)
文摘In the paper, three farms of Jiansanjiang Farming Bureau and five villages in of Dayushu Town in Fujin county randomly were taken as data sources for the investigation of household behavior of reclamation and agricultural area under different land systems, and it can be concluded that the main content included production scale, arable land use structure, household behavior and economic benefits. By comparison and analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of reclamation and agricultural area can be found, which could provide references for agricultural land reform for achieving a more suitable socio-economic of efficient use and sustained and healthy development of agriculture.
文摘Under the background of rapid development of the Intemet, the traditional garment industry in China has undergone changes in marketing, payment and logistics and warehousing. The development trend of the,apparel industry is becoming more and more obvious. However, faced with the strong Internet impact, the retailing of apparel is confronted with both development constraints and new challenges. The individualized consumption demand is becoming more and more prominent.How to achieve the successful transformation of the entity retailing in the competitive environment, To meet the diverse needs of consumers.Therefore, based on the theory and practice, this paper analyzes the present situation and trend of the development of garment retailing in the Internet environment, and aims at providing theoretical analysis basis for the change of China's garment retailing industry.Application of reference to promote the network environment of China's traditional garment industry restructuring and healthy and sustainable development.
文摘With the continuous development of science and technology and constantly improve of the quality of life, most people are increasingly aware of the importance of the environment. According to the serious problem that resource consumption and environmental pollution caused by the traditional building materials, green building materials has been the support of the people. Because of its low consumption, less pollution, beneficial to human health, harmony with the environment and other excellent performance, the green building materials has a rapid development in recent years. This paper is based on the thinking of innovation, starting from the environment, energy saving point of view, analysis the advantages and shortcomings of green building materials, explore the developing trend and future of this new type of material.
文摘Since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China, the development of China' s medical and health undertakings has been very significant along with the rapid development of economy, and the people' s health level is steadily improved and the life expectancy is on the top list in the developing world. However, there are remarkable health differences among urban and rural areas, different regions, and small, medium-sized and large cities. In this paper, on the basis of the healthy social economic decision theory, the characteristics and causes of the regional difference between China' s residents in the health level are systematically analyzed, and then the strategies for the harmonious regional development of the Chinese population health are deeply discussed.
文摘With the rapid development of China's economy, the entire social requires the safety, reliability and automation of power supply and distribution system must be improved. Therefore, extensive application of PLC technology in power supply and distribution system has great significance to ensure normal social life and production, so as to realize the entire national economy sustained and healthy development. This paper briefly introduces the PLC technology, and with practice elaborates the applications of control technology based on PLC in power supply and distribution system fi:om the reform of low-voltage distribution system, automation management and relay protection of power supply and distribution system etc.
文摘SMEs in the national economy is an imporl^nt part of maintaining market stability, and it has a very important role for the operation to ensure a rational pricing mechanism and to ensure thll employment and promote sustained and healthy develop, and it ensures social stability. However, the presence of SMEs in the financial control is weak; problems of accounting information distortion and other issues limit itself to develop, and we do some research on the current problems and countermeasures of SME financial management.
文摘The real estate market is an ilnportant part of China's socialist market economy. Real estate price xs not only a profound role on the level of consumption of the residents, but a profound role on the steady development of the banking sector-based financial sector. Real estate price have a significant impact not only on the development ofmacroeconomic stability, but on the safety of financial system. Chinese economy is currently on the period of transition from investment and export promotion of economic growth mode to a demand-led growth, it is an important role to China's economic growth for sustained and healthy development of real estate market.
文摘An extensive review and analysis of the available global energy sources data and information from 38 countries including Pakistan, and their impacts (socio-economic, environmental, and health) shows that one of the most sustainable and environment friendly energy options (especially considering rural areas) is renewable energy (solar and wind), while other options (in descending order) are hydro, nuclear and coal. The use of "oil and gas" as energy option is not cost effective due to its serious environmental, health and financial implications. The cost of producing 1 KWh of energy from oil and gas in Pakistan is around Rs. 20 (U.S. $ 0.19), while the same costs for hydro power and coal are 1/10th and ~nd respectively. Appropriate and suitable energy options are proposed in view of the current energy situation, available natural resources (water, coal, wind and sun), serious energy conservation efforts and efficient usage of available energy.
文摘This paper focuses on health promotion and community development programmes conducted within Pacific nation locations. A literature review was carried out that identified differences in understanding of the practice of health promotion and community development in Pacific Island communities when compared with the rest of the developed world: Snakes and ladders is a metaphor for process and progress of such programmes whereby health and community gains are made only to collapse and fall back, close to or at, the starting point Reasons for this are discussed, particularly through comparison with health promotion and community development programmes in other non-Pacific countries, and with success factors identified in such programmes. This link between methodological approaches of international funding agencies and the success or otherwise of programmes, is identified. Suggestions are made as to approaches to be used when working within Pacific lsland nations. These approaches involve empowerment of the local community to lead, manage, and evaluate the effectiveness of these health promotion and community development programmes.
文摘Tungiasis is an ectoparasitic skin disease caused by the penetration of the female sand flea, Tungapenetrans, into the epidermis of the host. Through an intensive literature review, poor hygiene, poverty, social neglect, ignorance, and poor cultural beliefs were found to promote jigger infestation in Kenya. The research revealed the vicious cycle of poverty, low educational standards, low self-esteem/stigmatization, violation of civil rights, HIV/AIDS and secondary infections as the effects of the infestation. Fumigation, on-host treatment of animals, proper hygiene, and health education are the suggested control measures. Generally, one needs to be physically, emotionally and socially sound to appropriately deliver the much needed services of national development. The jigger infestation negatively impacts on these aspects of human health, hampering the wholesome participation in nation building by both the infected and the affected. As a country, the Jigger menace is frustrating Kenya's attempts to achieve the Millennium Development Goal on poverty reduction by the year 2015, as well as reducing the pace of national development.
文摘According to the characteristics of ecosystem and concept of the ecosystem in mining area, the index system of the ecosystem health in mining area was set up, and the evaluation standard was established. Aiming at the complexion in which the information lost in index ration, the matter element method was put forward to evaluate the ecosystem health in mining area. Making use of the model set up, the weight was built up by the method of index number heavy, the matter element, clas- sical field, and limit field were set up. The rating hierarchy was calculated by relating function. As a case study in the mining area of Pingyangsi Town, the results show that the ecosystem is good and sustainable from 2003 to 2006, but the healthy degree is not high, and some indexes have depravation.
文摘According to five consecutive year' s mental Health survey for freshmen in a higher vocational school, it is found that: vocational students' mental health is gradually improved; the most prominent psychological problems among higher vocational students are: compulsion, depression and interpersonal communication; boys' mental health is significantly better than girls' ; students from different grades have varies mental health problems.
文摘This paper will review three broad types of political implications of emergency management, since historically emergency management was considered only a function of law enforcement and fire departments, with the support in the event of a major catastrophe from public health and civil defense organizations. The issue is not whether governments will be required to respond to emergencies but rather when and how frequently. The time to think about emergencies is before they happen. Despite some significant weakness in the overall approach, political implications offer many benefits and provide various options for CDCs (community development corporations) to get involved in disaster recovery and emergency management. Based upon a generally positive evaluation, the paper concludes that emergency management must become a central activity, whether at the federal, state, or local or as an intergovernmental activity. Hopefully for the future the government does not have to wait for a disaster to strike for one to put a policy into place, since they have had several to occur over decades. The government should be ready to take on any disaster if it occurs with the following policies and procedures that are in place.
文摘The urban economic development needs transportation facilities. People moves form one location to the other rapidly. The amount of vehicle increases, it also increases lead content in the air. As a research topic is the human health cost increases as lead content in the air increases. Lead impacts increase public health cost. This research identifies the determinant of public health cost and estimates the respondent's willingness to pay (WTP). The respondents are 146 people in three areas of study, Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Dose response method determinates the valuation of lead impact caused by emission to human health. Contingent valuation method estimates the respondents' WTP to take care human health by keeping the environmental condition. It is analyzed by ordered probit model. By increasing lead pollutant, the health impacts are 123,647 cases of incremental child IQ, 15,783 cases of hypertension, 17 cases of coroner core, and 127 cases of premature mortality. Total health compensation cost because of lead impact is 1,469,594,723,409 (US $122,466,226.95). The increasing of the probability of respondent's WTP is only 0.00000233 percent, if the dependent variables increase one percent. It indicates that people's awareness to keep their environment and to decrease lead content is not good enough, despite the fact that there is some increase of awareness for example
文摘One of the main contemporary problems requiring urgent attention since its present and future repercussions on particular countries is the decrease of population and related problems of population ageing. The population ageing is not a worldwide problem yet, it concerns mostly world developed countries. On the other hand, it is a known fact that the population ageing in developing countries will culminate in few decades and will be more dramatic as the current population ageing in the developed world. In the developed countries, the population ageing is cause by the prolonged human life and the decrease of natality. This trend is resulting from many factors that are related to the modernization of the society which caused the decrease in fertility and natality. The health care improvement resulted in the prolonged life expectancy and a better health condition of the population. The science advance prolonged the average life expectancy which is the main reason for the population ageing.
文摘The article continues thinking about prospective of human society. Is the healthy business environment a fiction or a real opportunity? How far-reaching are the roots of the future natural processes of changes? How to work with the current global economic models? Can the current European integration process be considered as natural? Is a weak state a new opportunity for a future strong economy? What is the historical essence of the liberal thought? Why the current economic models are not permanent, why are they not sustainable, and why are they not developing for the basic quantum, which is the man as an individual? Can also the basic quantum be integration units as family, society, company, municipality, region, country, or EU, etc.? Qualified answers to the questions can be seen in a theoretical context of the General Theory of the Sustainable Development (GTSD), too. Theoretical trinity of GTSD is based on three theoretical pillars: GPT (Gravitation Polarity Theory), QET (Quantum Economy Theory), and BIT (Big Integration Theory). They can be considered as relevant theoretical basics for historical, current, and future sustainable development process. The healthy business environment is based on the healing of man. In GTSD, businessman and man gain a new source of knowledge, a new natural relationship, and a new content. This is a responsibility towards the customer and towards the pa^ner in business. Businessman's profit speaks about a new business in natural partnerships. Sustainable development without the Groove Management (second generation management) and without the fourth Reformation (with second generation of innovation) is a process that only reflects the regressive trend that takes place for more than 6000 years. Without the new content of the Fifth Theoretical Dimension (Consciousness) the historical mainstream of sustainable development process cannot be grasped. The biggest risk for the expected Healthy business society is a contemporary slave communism and contemporary crazy capitalism. Feasibility of business models of healthy business doing societies stands not only on adequate theoretical basis, but also on predicted cannibalism between slave communism and crazy capitalism. The biggest current risk of healthy business environment is a political arbitrariness, the desire for power, and the desire for money----corruption.