美国金融科技监管“催化剂”项目的主要内容、运行情况及启示

美国"催化剂"项目,通过与金融创新主体建立沟通合作机制,制定试验披露豁免政策、无异议函政策,推动金融科技与金融创新的发展。我国应借鉴"催化剂"项目经验,正确处理金融监管与金融创新的平衡关系,建立以消费者保护为核心的创新产品管理机制,加强与金融创新主体的沟通交流及消费者行为研究,探索符合金融科技发展的金融监管。

企业营销活动的“催化剂”

公共关系不仅成为现代市场营销策略之一 ,而且是其他营销策略无法比拟的 ,是企业营销活动的“催化剂”。

让高校人事管理变为激发教师潜能的“催化剂”

许多人认为,高校是否能够培养更多优质毕业生,是教学管理部门的责任,与人事管理部门没有多大的关系。但事实上,人事管理中的师资建设、职工福利、人员招聘、员工培训、职务评审、资格认定和政绩考核等工作,均影响教师潜能的有效发挥。教师工作情绪的表现,也有赖于人事工作的"杠杆"调配。而教师工作努力与否,则直接关系到高校"产品"---毕业生的优劣。评价一所高校的成绩,主要是看学校培养了多少高质量的毕业生。从这个角度讲,高校人事管理工作应该成为激发教师潜能发挥的"催化剂",而绝不是"按部就班"的简单工作。

让漫画成为激活高中政治课堂的“催化剂”

高中政治是一门学理性和政治性较强的课程,如何将高中政治中抽象的理论知识形象直观地展示给学生是思想政治教育工作者一直以来关注的焦点。漫画具有内容简单明了、形象突出、极具幽默诙谐性等特征,是激发学生听课兴趣点、突破学生知识困惑点、把握学生情感升华点、巩固学生知识薄弱点的利器。在高中政治课堂教学中,教师应巧妙利用漫画辅助教学,以提升课堂教学的实效性。

“加”与“减”:新课程下科学课堂教学的“催化剂”

加兴趣,减约束;加引导,减灌输;加“过程”,减“结果”;加质疑,减结论,是新课程下科学课堂教学的“催化剂”,可以培养学生对科学的兴趣,提高科学课程的综合能力。

探索调节职高化学课堂气氛的“催化剂”

课堂气氛是上好课的重要方面,善于调节课堂气氛是一种高级的教学方式。职高化学教学是各学科中较薄弱的环节,如何调节气氛使学生对化学产生浓厚的兴趣,文章介绍了五种调节气氛的“催化剂”。

普通高校网球运动发展的“催化剂”效应研究

根据我国普通高校网球运动发展现状调查,归纳了网球场地、网球运动人口和教师队伍与学生之间关系,同时发展和普及高校网球运动现实意义。在此基础上,探讨了女网国手崛起、网球文化、全国大学生网球赛和校内网球赛推动高校网球运动发展的"催化剂"效应。最后,论述了普通高校网球运动发展要解决学校重视程度、场地、师资的问题。

催化力量——ATI“催化剂”3.0驱动应用实战

一、"催化剂"的历史以往ATI驱动总存在一些BUG,影响了ATI显卡在市场上表现。为此2002年ATI的工程师推出了Catalyst"催化剂"02.2驱动程序。它的出世,不仅明显提高了ATI RADEON系列显卡的性能,而且修正了以往ATI RADEON显卡存在的一些BUG。此后,ATI又相继发布了2.3、2.4、2.5等版本的"催化剂"驱动程序,不断提升性能,并对存在的BUG进行了修正。

浅谈如何让情境创设成为中职德育课堂的催化剂

在中职德育课堂教学中创设各种生动活泼的学习情境,激发学生的学习兴趣,点燃学生思维火花,使学生以积极的心态,投入到教学活动之中,从而提高中职德育课堂教学实效。

关于如何让情境创设成为中职德育课堂催化剂的几点思考

中职德育课堂对学生思想品质的形成与优化有着重要的推进作用,通过在课堂中创设各种情境,不仅能激发学生的学习兴趣与热情,而且可以提高教学的质量与效果。因此,本文对如何让情境创设成为中职德育课堂催化剂提出了几点思考。

非智力因素,教学效率提高的“催化剂”

高中思想政治既有较深的理论性,又有较强的时事灵活性,要让学生学好这门学科着实不容易。作为班主任,要带领学生学好各门学科,考上理想的大学更是不容易。这不仅依赖于学生的智力因素,更是很大程度上取决于他们的非智力因素。学生学习成绩的差异,很多时候并不是智力上的问题,而是个性的差异,是非智力因素的差异。因此,要引导学生学会学习、取得好成绩,提高教学效率,必须注重对智力发展起'催化剂'作用的非智力因素,必须在教育教学过程中注重培养学生的非智力因素。

Series Reports from Professor Wei's Group of Chongqing University:Advancements in Electrochemical Energy Conversions(1/4):Report 1:High-performance Oxygen Reduction Catalysts for Fuel Cells

Two major challenges,high cost and short lifespan,have been hindering the commercialization process of lowtemperature fuel cells.Professor Wei's group has been focusing on decreasing cathode Pt loadings without losses of activity and durability,and their research advances in this area over the past three decades are briefly reviewed herein.Regarding the Pt-based catalysts and the low Pt usage,they have firstly tried to clarify the degradation mechanism of Pt/C catalysts,and then demonstrated that the activity and stability could be improved by three strategies:regulating the nanostructures of the active sites,enhancing the effects of support materials,and optimizing structures of the three-phase boundary.For Pt-free catalysts,especialiy carbon-based ones,several strategies that they proposed to enhance the activity of nitrogen-/heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts are firstly presented.Then,an indepth understanding of the degradation mechanism for carbon-based catalysts is discussed,and followed by the corresponding stability enhancement strategies.Also,the carbon-based electrode at the micrometer-scale,faces the challenges such as low active-site density,thick catalytic layer,and the effect of hydrogen peroxide,which require rational structure design for the integral cathodic electrode.This review finally gives a brief conclusion and outlook about the low cost and long lifespan of cathodic oxygen reduction catalysts.

Perfecting HER catalysts via defects:Recent advances and perspectives

Defect engineering has become a promising approach to improve the performance of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalysts.Non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have shown significant promise as effective alternatives to traditional platinum-group catalysts,attracting considerable attention.However,the industrial application of TMCs in electrocatalytic hydrogen production necessitates further optimization to boost both catalytic activity and stability.This review comprehensively examines the types,fabrication methods,and characterization techniques of various defects that enhance catalytic HER activity.Key advancements include optimizing defect concentration and distribution,coupling heteroatoms with vacancies,and leveraging the synergy between bond lengths and defects.In-depth discussions highlight the electronic structure and catalytic mechanisms elucidated through in-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations.Additionally,future directions are identified,exploring novel defect types,emphasizing precision synthesis methods,industrial-scale preparation techniques,and strategies to enhance structural stability and understanding the in-depth catalytic mechanism.This review aims to inspire further research and development in defect-engineered HER catalysts,providing pathways for high efficiency and cost-effectiveness in hydrogen production.

Poly(ethylenimine)-assisted synthesis of hollow carbon spheres comprising multi-sized Ni species for CO_(2) electroreduction

Electrochemical CO_(2) reduction to produce value-added chemicals and fuels is one of the research hotspots in the field of energy conversion.The development of efficient catalysts with high conductivity and readily accessible active sites for CO_(2) electroreduction remains challenging yet indispensable.In this work,a reliable poly(ethyleneimine)(PEI)-assisted strategy is developed to prepare a hollow carbon nanocomposite comprising a single-site Ni-modified carbon shell and confined Ni nanoparticles(NPs)(denoted as Ni@NHCS),where PEI not only functions as a mediator to induce the highly dispersed growth of Ni NPs within hollow carbon spheres,but also as a nitrogen precursor to construct highly active atomically-dispersed Ni-Nx sites.Benefiting from the unique structural properties of Ni@NHCS,the aggregation and exposure of Ni NPs can be effectively prevented,while the accessibility of abundant catalytically active Ni-Nx sites can be ensured.As a result,Ni@NHCS exhibits a high CO partial current density of 26.9 mA cm^(-2) and a Faradaic efficiency of 93.0% at-1.0 V vs.RHE,outperforming those of its PEI-free analog.Apart from the excellent activity and selectivity,the shell confinement effect of the hollow carbon sphere endows this catalyst with long-term stability.The findings here are anticipated to help understand the structure-activity relationship in Ni-based carbon catalyst systems for electrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Furthermore,the PEI-assisted synthetic concept is potentially applicable to the preparation of high-performance metal-based nanoconfined materials tailored for diverse energy conversion applications and beyond.

Engineering the coordination structure of Cu for enhanced photocatalytic production of C_(1) chemicals from glucose

Photocatalytic decomposition of sugars is a promising way of providing H_(2),CO,and HCOOH as sus-tainable energy vectors.However,the production of C_(1) chemicals requires the cleavage of robust C−C bonds in sugars with concurrent production of H_(2),which remains challenging.Here,the photo-catalytic activity for glucose decomposition to HCOOH,CO(C_(1) chemicals),and H_(2) on Cu/TiO_(2)was enhanced by nitrogen doping.Owing to nitrogen doping,atomically dispersed and stable Cu sites resistant to light irradiation are formed on Cu/TiO_(2).The electronic interaction between Cu and nitrogen ions originates valence band structure and defect levels composed of N 2p orbit,distinct from undoped Cu/TiO_(2).Therefore,the lifetime of charge carriers is prolonged,resulting in the pro-duction of C_(1) chemicals and H_(2) with productivities 1.7 and 2.1 folds that of Cu/TiO_(2).This work pro-vides a strategy to design coordinatively stable Cu ions for photocatalytic biomass conversion.

Nickel catalysts with asymmetric steric hindrance for ethylene polymerization

α-Diimide catalysts have attracted widespread attention due to their unique chain walking characteristics.A series ofα-diimide nickel/palladium catalysts with different electronic effects and steric hindrances were designed and synthesized for olefin polymerization.In this work,we synthesized a series of asymmetricα-diimide nickel complexes with different steric hindrances and used them for ethylene polymerization.These nickel catalysts have high ethylene polymerization activity,up to 6.51×10^(6)g·mol^(−1)·h^(−1),and the prepared polyethylene has a moderate melting point and high molecular weight(up to 38.2×10^(4)g·mol^(−1)),with a branching density distribution between 7 and 94 branches per 1000 carbons.More importantly,the polyethylene prepared by these catalysts exhibits excellent tensile properties,with strain and stress reaching 800%and 30 MPa,respectively.

Cu single-atom electrocatalyst on nitrogen-containing graphdiyne for CO_(2) electroreduction to CH_(4)

Developing Cu single-atom catalysts(SACs)with well-defined active sites is highly desirable for producing CH4 in the electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction and understanding the structure-property relationship.Herein,a new graphdiyne analogue with uniformly distributed N_(2)-bidentate(note that N_(2)-bidentate site=N^N-bidentate site;N_(2)≠dinitrogen gas in this work)sites are synthesized.Due to the strong interaction between Cu and the N_(2)-bidentate site,a Cu SAC with isolated undercoordinated Cu-N_(2) sites(Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY)is obtained,with the Cu loading of 1.0 wt%.Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY exhibits the highest Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 80.6% for CH_(4) in electrocatalytic reduction of CO_(2) at-0.96 V vs.RHE,and the partial current density of CH_(4) is 160 mA cm^(-2).The selectivity for CH_(4) is maintained above 70% when the total current density is 100 to 300 mA cm^(-2).More remarkably,the Cu1.0/N_(2)-GDY achieves a mass activity of 53.2 A/mgCu toward CH4 under-1.18 V vs.RHE.In situ electrochemical spectroscopic studies reveal that undercoordinated Cu-N_(2) sites are more favorable in generating key ^(*)COOH and ^(*)CHO intermediate than Cu nanoparticle counterparts.This work provides an effective pathway to produce SACs with undercoordinated Metal-N_(2) sites toward efficient electrocatalysis.

Vermiform Ni@CNT derived from one-pot calcination of Ni-MOF precursor for improving hydrogen storage of MgH_(2)

The Ni-coated carbon nanotubes(Ni@CNT)composite was synthesized by the facile“filtration+calcination”of Ni-based metal−organic framework(MOF)precursor and the obtained composite was used as a catalyst for MgH_(2).MgH_(2)was mixed evenly with different amounts of Ni@CNT(2.5,5.0 and 7.5,wt.%)through ball milling.The MgH_(2)−5wt.%Ni@CNT can absorb 5.2 wt.%H_(2)at 423 K in 200 s and release about 3.75 wt.%H_(2)at 573 K in 1000 s.And its dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation activation energies are reduced to 87.63 and 45.28 kJ/mol(H_(2)).The in-situ generated Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH4 exhibits a good catalytic effect due to the provided more diffusion channels that can be used as“hydrogen pump”.And the presence of carbon nanotubes improves the properties of MgH_(2)to some extent.

Construction and photocatalytic properties toward rhodamine B of CdS/Fe_(3)O_(4) heterojunction

A simple two-step hydrothermal method synthesized four different CdS/Fe_(3)O_(4)photocatalysts with varying ratios of mass of CdS to Fe_(3)O_(4).The composition and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectrum,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Solid UV reflectance spectra testing found that CdS/Fe_(3)O_(4)nanocomposites had good light absorption throughout the spectral range,promoting their photocatalytic properties.Under visible light irradiation,CdS/Fe_(3)O_(4)(2∶5)with a mass ratio of 2∶5 exhibited excellent photocatalytic perfor-mance,with a degradation rate of 98.8%for rhodamine B.Furthermore,after five cycles of photocatalytic degrada-tion reaction,the rhodamine B degradation rate remained at 96.2%,indicating that the photocatalysts have good pho-tocatalytic stability.

Preparation of high purity ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate from spent Ru-Zn/ZrO_(2)catalyst

Preparation of high purity ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate using spent Ru-Zn/ZrO_(2)catalyst was studied,including melting and leaching to obtain potassium ruthenate solution,reduction,dissolving,concentrating and drying to obtain ruthenium trichloride,nitrosation and hydrolysis to obtain ruthenium nitrosyl hydroxide,removing of K^(+)and Cl^(-),and neutralization with nitric acid.The effects of temperature,concentration,time and pH on the yield and purity of intermediates and final product were studied,and the optimum process conditions were obtained.The yield of ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate is 92%,the content of ruthenium in high purity product is 32.16%,and the content of Cl^(-)and K^(+)are much less than 0.005%.The reaction kinetics of ruthenium nitrosyl chloride to ruthenium nitrosyl hydroxide was studied.The reaction orders of Ru(NO)Cl_(3)at 40,55 and 70℃are 0.39,0.37 and 0.39,respectively,while those of KOH are 0.16,0.15 and 0.17,respectively.The activation energy is-2.33 k J/mol.