“全红”瓯江彩鲤不同世代间的遗传结构及遗传分化初步分析

利用ISSR技术对"全红"瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus car pio var. color)4个世代群体的遗传结构及其分化进行了分析。筛选的15个ISSR引物从4个世代群体中分别扩增到120、118、101和110条扩增谱带,全部扩增片段长度在200—2500bp之间。根据扩增结果,利用POPGENE version 1.31进行分析,结果表明:4个群体的多态位点比例(P)为51.49%—67.80%,Shannon信息指数(Ho)为0.2176—0.2745之间,并随着世代的增加,选育群体的遗传多样性呈现下降趋势。有70%的遗传变异来自于群体内;结合遗传分化指数Gst、UPGMA聚类分析,证实"全红"瓯江彩鲤4个世代间存在一定程度的遗传分化,即任意两个群体间的遗传分化达到较大的水平(Gst均为0.1588—0.2766)。

与“全红”瓯江彩鲤体色相关的SRAP及SCAR分子标记

利用相关序列扩增多态性(Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism,SRAP)技术分析"全红"和"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤,筛选与瓯江彩鲤体色相关的分子遗传标记。从88个SRAP引物组合筛选出的12个引物组合共获得扩增条带104个,并筛选出1个SRAP特异扩增带,即"全红"瓯江彩鲤家系SR2,7173 bp带。该条SRAP特异扩增条带经回收、克隆和测序,并将测序结果进行BLAST分析,发现该片段在GenBank中与斑马鱼的POl多蛋白基因和尿红素基因有较高的同源性。根据序列信息分别设计了4对正、反向引物(22—26 bp)。用4对引物分别在"全红"瓯江彩鲤F2和"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤F2群体中进行PCR扩增,仅发现SC-3(154 bp)能够在"全红"瓯江彩鲤群体中特异扩增,而且在"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤F2群体中未出现此扩增带。采用大样本对该SC-3标记进行验证,结果发现,在"全红"瓯江彩鲤群体中呈现阳性,而在"粉玉"瓯江彩鲤群体中为阴性,可以区分这两种群体。因此SC-3标记可以作为"全红"瓯江彩鲤群体一个重要的分子遗传特征指标,为进一步进行分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。

Antisepsis and Fresh-keeping Effects of Natamycin Coating Compounds Treatment on Red Global Grape

The aim was to research fresh-keeping effects of natamycin on cold-pre- served grape. Red globe grapes were processed with compound coating liquid of chitosan with mass fraction at 1% and natamycin with mass fractions at 0.20% （T1）, 0.40% （T2） and 0.60% （T3）, respectively. Grapes processed with water （CK3） and 1% chitosan （CK2） were taken as control groups. Rotten rate, seed shattering rate, mass loss rate, respiratory intensity and related physiological quality in test and control groups were compared. The results indicated that respiratory intensity, mass loss rate, rotten rate and seed shattering rate in CK1 were all higher than those in CK2. In addition, T1, T2 and T3 were lower in the indices than CK1 and CK2, but still kept at a high level in fruit hardness. Furthermore, mass fractions of Vc and titratable acid declined more slowly in T1, T2 and T3, compared with CK1 and CK2. Natamycin better preserved grapes and prolonged storage period. In general, natamycin with mass fraction at 0.4% proved best in fresh-keeping.

Soil carbon dioxide fluxes of a typical broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain, China

The forest ecosystem plays an important role in the global carbon cycling. A study was conducted to evaluate soil CO2 flux and its seasonal and diurnal variation with the air and soil temperatures by using static closed chamber technique in a typical broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest area on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, China. The experiment was carried out through the day and night in the growing season (from June to September) in situ and sample gas was analyzed by a gas chromatograph. Results showed that the forest floor was a large net source of carbon, and soil CO2 fluxes had an obvi-ous law of seasonal and diel variation. The soil CO2 flux of broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest was in the range of 0.302.42 mmol穖-2穝-1 with the mean value of 0.98 mmol穖-2穝-1. An examination on the seasonal pattern of soil CO2 emission suggested that the variability in soil CO2 flux could be correlated with variations in soil temperature, and the maximum of mean CO2 flux occurred in July ((1.27±23%) mmol穖-2穝-1) and the minimum was in September ((0.50±28%) mmol穖-2穝-1). The fluctuations in diel soil CO2 flux were also correlated with changes in soil temperature; however, there existed a factor for a time lag. Soil CO2 flux from the forest floor was strongly related to soil temperature and had the highest correlation with temperature at 6-cm depth of soil. Q10 values based on air temperature and soil temperature of different soil depths were at the ranges of 2.09–3.40.

Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Peristrophe roxburghiana Collected from Northwest of Guangxi

Objective] This study was conducted to evaluate the product quality and safety of Peristrophe roxburghiana_ col ected from different places in Hechi City, northwest of Gunagxi, so as to provide basic data for further development and uti-lization of the characteristic plant resource P. roxburghiana. [Method] Contents of 9 kinds of heavy metals including Cd, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cu in the herb were deter-mined by the method of wet digestion-flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. [Results] Heavy metal contents of Cd, Mn, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Hg and Se were 1.62-17.25, 8.93-142.53, 4.37-18.43, 103.7-242.81, 2.55-5.35, 85.40-146.30, 0.07-0.54, 0.00-0.08 and 0.00-0.47 mg/kg, respectively. According to the national food safety standards and Green Trade Standards of lmporting ＆amp; Exporting Medicinal plants ＆amp; Preparations, the heavy metal contents of the P. roxburghiana_samples col ected from different coun-ties in Hechi City exceeded standards or at the critical values. Among which, Cd, Pb and Zn contents of the samples are seriously higher than the standards. [Con-clusion] Therefore, the impact of soil heavy metal pol ution on the safety of edible plants in the northwest of Guangxi should be highly concerned.

Structures and Intermolecular Interactions in Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Water System Studied by All-atom Molecular Simulations

An all-atom dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） and water model have been used for molecular dynamics simulation. The NMR and IR spectra are also performed to study the structures and interactions in the DMSO-water system. And there are traditional strong hydrogen bonds and weak C-H- ~ ~ O contacts existing in the mixtures according to the analysis of the radial distribution functions. The insight structures in the DMSO-water mixtures can be classified into different regions by the analysis of the hydrogen-bonding network. Interestingly, the molar fraction of DMSO 0.35 is found to be a special concentration by the network. It is the transitional region which is from the water rich region to the DMSO rich region. The stable aggregates of （DMSO）m＇S=O…… HW-OW-（H20）n might play a key role in this region. Moreover, the simulation is compared with the chemical shifts in NMR and wavenumbers in IR with concentration dependence. And the statistical results of the average number hydrogen bonds in the MD simulations are in agreement with the experiment data in NMR and IR spectra.

Study on Methanol Oxidation at Pt and PtRu Electrodes by Combining in situ Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry

Methanol oxidation reaction （MOR） at Pt and Pt electrode surface deposited with various amounts of Ru （denoted as PtxRuy, nominal coverage y is 0.17, 0.27, and 0.44 ML） in 0.1 mol/L HClO4＋0.5 mol/L MeOH has been studied under potentiostatic conditions by in situ FTIR spectroscopy in attenuated-total-reflection con guration and di erential electro-chemical mass spectrometry under controlled flow conditions. Results reveal that （i） CO is the only methanol-related adsorbate observed by IR spectroscopy at all the Pt and PtRu electrodes examined at potentials from 0.3 V to 0.6 V （vs. RHE）; （ii） at Pt0.56Ru0.44, two IR bands, one from CO adsorbed at Ru islands and the other from COL at Pt substrate are detected, while at other electrodes, only a single band for COL adsorbed at Pt is observed; （iii） MOR activity decreases in the order of Pt0.73Ru0.27〉Pt0.56Ru0.44〉Pt0.83Ru0.17〉Pt; （iv） at 0.5 V, MOR at Pt0.73Ru0.27 reaches a current e ciency of 50% for CO2 production, the turn-over frequency from CH3OH to CO2 is ca. 0.1 molecule/（site sec）. Suggestions for further improving of PtRu catalysts for MOR are provided.

Optimizing the nickel boride layer thickness in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in glycerol oxidation

The influence of the drop-casted nickel boride catalyst loading on glassy carbon electrodes was investigated in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in alkaline glycerol electrooxidation.The continuously operated radial flow cell consisted of a borehole electrode positioned 50μm above an internal reflection element enabling operando FTIR spectroscopy.It is identified as a suitable tool for facile and reproducible screening of electrocatalysts under well-defined conditions,additionally providing access to the selectivities in complex reaction networks such as glycerol oxidation.The fast product identification by ATR-IR spectroscopy was validated by the more time-consuming quantitative HPLC analysis of the pumped electrolyte.High degrees of glycerol conversion were achieved under the applied laminar flow conditions using 0.1 M glycerol and 1 M KOH in water and a flow rate of 5μL min^(–1).Conversion and selectivity were found to depend on the catalyst loading,which determined the catalyst layer thickness and roughness.The highest loading of 210μg cm^(–2)resulted in 73%conversion and a higher formate selectivity of almost 80%,which is ascribed to longer residence times in rougher films favoring readsorption and C–C bond scission.The lowest loading of 13μg cm^(–2)was sufficient to reach 63%conversion,a lower formate selectivity of 60%,and,correspondingly,higher selectivities of C_(2)species such as glycolate amounting to 8%.Thus,only low catalyst loadings resulting in very thin films in the fewμm thickness range are suitable for reliable catalyst screening.

Holography,UV/IR Relation,Causal Entropy Bound,and Dark Energy

The constraint on the total energy in a given spatial region is given from holography by the mass of a black hole that just fits in that region, which leads to an UV/IR relation： the maximal energy density in that region is proportional to Mp^2/L^2, where Mp is the Planck mass and L is the spatial scale of that region under consideration. Assuming the maximal black hole in the universe is formed through gravitational collapse of perturbations in the universe, then the ＂Jeans＂ scale of the perturbations gives a causal connection scale RCC. For gravitational perturbations, RCC^-2= Max （H＋ 2H^2, -H） for a fiat universe. We study the cosmological dynamics of the corresponding vacuum energy density by choosing the causal connection scale as the IR cutoff in the UV/IR relation, in the cases of the vacuum energy density as an independently conserved energy component and an effective dynamical cosmological constant, respectively. It turns out that only the case with the choice RCC^-2 = H＋ 2H^2, could be consistent with the current cosmological observations when the vacuum density appears as an independently conserved energy component. In this case, the model is called holographic Ricci scalar dark energy model in the literature.

RETREATMENT WITH FLUDARABINE AND CYCLOSPORINE FOR ONE CASE OF REFRACTORY PURE RED CELL APLASIA

MANY cases of pure red cell aplasia （PRCA） were mediated by over-function of immune cells, and responded well to immunosuppressive therapy. Sometimes refractory cases also arose. Fludarabine is an analogue of adenosine resistant to deamination which is widely used for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia （CLL） and other hematological malignancies.^2 As a strong immunosuppressive agent, fludarabine has generally been used in nonmyeloblative conditioning regimens for hematopoietic stem cells transplantation for hematological malignancies and severe aplastic anemia recently.^3 In this study,

Electrochemical CO2 Reduction on Pd-Modified Cu Foil

Bimetallic catalysts can improve CO2 reduction efficiency via the combined properties of two metals.CuPd shows enhanced CO2 reduction activity compared to copper alone.Using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)and electrochemical infrared(IR)spectroscopy,volatile products and adsorbed intermediates were measured during CO2 and CO reduction on Cu and CuPd.The IR band corresponding to adsorbed CO appears 300 mV more positive on CuPd than that on Cu,indicating acceleration of CO2 reduction to CO.Electrochemical IR spectroscopy measurements in CO-saturated solutions reveal similar potentials for CO adsorption and CO3^2-desorption on CuPd and Cu,indicating that CO adsorption is controlled by desorption of CO3^2-.DEMS measurements carried out during CO reduction at both electrodes showed that the onset potential for reduction of CO to CH4 and CH3OH on CuPd is about 200 mV more positive than that on Cu.We attribute these improvements to interaction of Cu and Pd,which shifts the d-band center of the Cu sites.

Pure red cell aplasia due to parvovirus B19 infection after liver transplantation:A case report and review of the literature

Pure red cell aplasia （PRCA） due to parvovirus B19 （PVB19） infectiori after solid organ transplantation has been rarely reported and most of the cases were renal transplant recipients, Few have been described after liver transplantation. Moreover, little information on the management of this easily recurring disease is available at present. We describe the first case of a Chinese liver transplant recipient with PVB19-induced PRCA during immunosuppressive therapy. The patient suffered from progressive anemia with the lowest hemoglobin level of 21 g/L. Bone marrow biopsy showed selectively inhibited erythropoiesis with giant pronormoblasts. Detection of PVB19-DNA in serum with quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） revealed a high level of viral load. After 2 courses of intravenous immunoglobulin （IVIG） therapy, bone marrow erythropoiesis recovered with his hemoglobin level increased to 123 g/L. He had a lowlevel PVB19 load for a 5-too follow-up period without recurrence of PRCA, and finally the virus was cleared. Our case indicates that clearance of PVB19 by IVIG in transplant recipients might be delayed after recovery of anemia.

Identification and characterization of a Dna J gene from red alga Pyropia yezoensis(Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Members of the Dna J family are proteins that play a pivotal role in various cellular processes, such as protein folding, protein transport and cellular responses to stress. In the present study, we identified and characterized the full-length Dna J c DNA sequence from expressed sequence tags of Pyropia yezoensis( Py Dna J) via rapid identification of c DNA ends. This c DNA encoded a protein of 429 amino acids, which shared high sequence similarity with other identified Dna J proteins, such as a heat shock protein 40/Dna J from Pyropia haitanensis. The relative m RNA expression level of Py Dna J was investigated using real-time PCR to determine its specific expression during the algal life cycle and during desiccation. The relative m RNA expression level in sporophytes was higher than that in gametophytes and significantly increased during the whole desiccation process. These results indicate that Py Dna J is an authentic member of the Dna J family in plants and red algae and might play a pivotal role in mitigating damage to P. yezoensis during desiccation.

Development and validation of global prediction models for monitoring the manufacturing process of herbal medicine by ultraviolet spectroscopy

Objective: Process monitoring for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations is necessary to ensure the quality of the product. A typical pharmaceutical process of TCM preparations consists of multiple manufacturing units, such as ethanol precipitation, concentration, and water precipitation, among others. Compared with the traditional practice of one prediction model for one unit, the global model covers the variation from samples with different backgrounds or processes and can be used to monitor intermediates from substeps.Methods: We used ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy to establish global models for a typical TCM preparation-Danhong injection.The concentrations of danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxyl safflor yellow A and the total phenolic and total sugar contents were quantified for every intermediate from operation units of Danhong injection. New samples prepared by mixing different intermediates were introduced for the calibration set to cover more variations. An accuracy profile was employed to validate the developed method from the aspects of specificity, trueness, precision,accuracy, linearity, and robustness.Results: The developed models showed a high determination coefficient(R2) value up to 0.97 and a low root-mean-square error of the prediction set. Five components of the models passed all validation tests, whereas the total sugar was not suitable for modeling with UV and did not apply to the whole process.Conclusions: This study indicates that the global models of UV spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of phenolic acids are feasible and reliable with a simple, rapid, and non-destructive method.Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A22.

Efficacy and safety of Danhong injection in the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Aims:To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of danhong injection in the treatment of arteriosclerotic occlusion.Methods:Computer retrieval China knowledge network(CNKI),and Wiper Chinese journal database(VIP),and Wanfang data knowledge service platform,the Chinese biomedical literature database(CBM),Pubmed,science citation index(SCI)database,the Cochrane Library,including eight Chinese English database,to conform to the criteria for the two researchers use the recommended bias risk assessment method to evaluate the Cochrane bias risk,extracted data,and apply the Review Manager software Meta analysis and system evaluation.Results:Finally,13 studies were included,with a total number of 884 cases.The results showed that the clinical efficacy of danhong injection in the treatment of arteriosclerotic occlusion was higher than that of conventional treatment,and the difference was statistically significant[OR=3.08,95%CI(2.07,4.60),P<0.00001].The improvement of arteriosclerosis was more obvious[OR=0.15,95%CI(0.12,0.19),P<0.00001].The improvement of hemodynamics was more obvious[OR=-0.19,95%CI(-0.33,-0.04),P=0.01].No adverse reactions occurred.Conclusions:Danhong injection has higher clinical efficacy in the treatment of atherosclerotic occlusion,more obvious improvement in arteriosclerosis degree and hemodynamics,and higher safety.However,due to the low quality of literature research,more high-quality,large samples and randomized controlled double-blind clinical trials are needed to provide high-level evidence to further verify the efficacy and safety of danhong injection in the treatment of atherosclerotic occlusion.

Reading ＂A Dream in Red Mansions＂and Seeing the Holographic Image of Chinese Classical Furniture Art

The furniture world of ＂A Dream in Red Mansions＂ is a microcosm of Qing Dynasty aristocraticc furniture. Its material, shape and decoration are very elegant,which is not only to meet the needs of life,but also meet the pursuit of aesthetic contentment. On different occasions, coordinated with different furniture, it can form a hamaonious picture with the enviromnent. At the same time, their display range and combination mode also strictly follow different etiquette systems. In the red mansions, it shows the artistic beauty and is in the feudal shadow, and there is no exception in the furniture world. For ＂A Dream in Red Mansions＂ , it is how beautiful and how sad it is!

Successful rescue of pure red cell aplasia in two aged patients undergoing pancrease-kindey transplantation

Objective:To explorethecorrelationbetweenhypoimmunityandtheoccurrenceof pureredcellaplasia(PRCA) in senilepatientsundergoingcombinedpancrease-kindeytransplantation.Methods :PRCAoccurredin2patientsoutof5who wereperformedcombinedpancrease-kindeytransplantation.Thegeneralschemeof treatment mainlyincludedselectiveadministrationof immunosuppressantsandantivirusdrugs,infusionof redbloodcellson thebasisof surveillanceof parvorirusB19andtheratioof T4andT8as wellas thechangesof themyelogram.Results:Themyelogramof thepatientsreturnedto normalin2and3weeksafteroperation,respectively,and subsequentfollow-uprevealedno recurrence.Conclusion:Thisseriesillustratethepointthatadvancedage,hypo-immunity,parvorirusB19andimmunosuppressantsarevulnerableto PRCA.Combinedtreatmentis an effective remedyforthesepatients.

Adsorption behavior of heptyl xanthate on surface of ZnO and Cu(Ⅱ) activated ZnO using continuous online in situ ATR-FTIR technology

A continuous online in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopic technique was used to investigate the adsorption and desorption kinetics of heptyl xanthate(KHX)on the surface of ZnO and Cu(Ⅱ)activated ZnO.The results showed that Cu(Ⅱ)facilitated the xanthate adsorption process on the surface,and led to the formation of cuprous xanthate(CuX),dixanthogen(X_(2))and xanthate aggregates.The adsorption of xanthate on the surface of ZnO and Cu(Ⅱ)activated ZnO was found to both follow the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.When the NaOH solution was used as a desorption agent,the adsorbed xanthate can largely be removed due to the competition between OH^(−)and HX−.However,for Cu(Ⅱ)activated ZnO,the peak intensities at 1197 and 1082 cm^(−1) had no obvious weakening,and the absorption intensities at 1261 and 1026 cm^(−1) increased in the first 5 min,indicating an ion-exchange reaction between OH^(−)and surface zinc bonded xanthate HX−and the reorganization of adsorbed xanthate.

Local Structures and Chemical Properties of Deprotonated Arginine

The potential energy surface of gaseous deprotonated arginine has been systematically in- vestigated by first principles calculations. At the B3LYP/6-31G（d） level, apart from the identification of several stable local structures, a new global minimum is located which is about 6.56 k J/tool more stable than what has been reported. The deprotonated arginine molecule has two distinct forms with the deprotonation at the carboxylate group （COO-）. These two forms are bridged by a very high energy barrier and possess very different IR spectral profiles. Our calculated proton dissociation energy and gas-phase acidity of argi- nine molecule are found to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results. The predicted geometries, dipole moments, rotational constants, vertical ionization energies and IR spectra of low energy conformers will be useful for future experimental measurements.

ENDOMETRIOSIS TREATED BY THE METHOD OF RESOLVING BLOOD STASIS TO ELIMINATE OBSTRUCTION IN THE LOWER-JIAO

48 cases of endometriosis were treated with the Neiyi (ectopic endometrium) No. 2 Pills [symbol: see text] 2 [symbol: see text]) composed of fresh Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), Biejia (Carapax Trionycis) and Taoren Shuang (powdered Semen Persicae). After 3 months of treatment, high effective rates were obtained in menorrhalgia, dyspareunia, proctalgia, hysteromyoma, ovary cyst, and tubercles in the pelvic cavity, with a pregnant rate of as high as 26.7% in sterility. Meanwhile, the levels of plasma PGF2 alpha and PGE2 markedly dropped, while that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, beta-EP, and HYP significantly elevated.