寺庙公产:传统地方社会冲突中的特殊领域(上)——以《天台治略》中的寺产案公牍为例

寺庙财产是传统社会中一个特殊的"公产"范畴,涉及各个社会群体之间的复杂关系,其中,对抗与冲突是其中重要的一面。戴兆佳《天台治略》所载广严寺案中的寺产处理在官、民之间引起的争议和对抗折射出这一时期寺庙财产的"公产"面貌所具有的模糊性和复杂性,说明所谓"公产"在区域群体认同中扮演的竞争领域角色,为我们呈现出地方社会历史情境下,公共财产所具有的特殊面貌。

Research on the impact of financial slack to product competition ——Based on the growth perspective of real estate enterprises

This article is based on growth, financial multidimensional perspective of redundancy and product market competition, focus on growth as a key variable, to explore the growth of financial redundancy and product market competition. The data of 326 real estate companies were selected for empirical analysis. The research finds that the financial redundancy promotes competition in the product market, and the relationship between the growth of the enterprise growth and the competition between the financial redundancy and the competition of the product market.

Analysis on Competitiveness of China's Refineries

The paper reviewed the refining and marketing business of both domestic and international oil companies, and tried to figure out the gap of domestic refining enterprises in terms of the refinery scale, processing unil configuration, stream factor and competitive edge as compared to overseas refineries. The paper also concluded that the net margin of domestic refineries is about $ 1.0/bbl lower than that of the overseas refineries, and proposed some ideas to sharpen the competitive edge of Chinese refining industry.

Intellectual Property： Access to Culture and Sustainable Competition

This paper deals with intellectual property protection problems in the information society, when it is so easy to access unauthorised content （to pirate）. Society does not care much about the damages of right owners. Internet is often considered as a ＂public place＂, and works on Internet are considered as ＂displayed in public places＂ from which a lawful restriction of rights is permitted. It promotes unfair competition and hinders the development of sustainable business. Lawful use of protected copyright content is a tool for ensuring equal and sustainable competition level among entrepreneurs. On Internet, there are many copyright-protected works available. Many members of society wish to get an access to these works, which means that a solution should be found. For private and non-commercial use, there should be reasonable limitations. Combating piracy on Intemet using enforcement tools alone does not yield results. Piracy should be placed in a frame accepted by a civilized society, and the society and authors should get the maximum benefits from it.

Intergenerational Justice： Rights versus Fairness

Among various views on intergenerational justice, the most widely accepted theory invokes the rights of future generations. However, the rights theory seems to suffer from the non-identity problem addressed by Derek Parfit. Some rights theorists attempt to circumvent the problem by examining causal links between actions taken by preceding generations and their effects on succeeding ones, Others try to do so by replacing future individual rights with such collective rights. This paper argues that both individualist and collectivist versions of the rights theory fail to supply grounds for intergenerational concern. The paper then offers an alternative theory that refines the idea of duty of fair play developed by John Rawls and applies it to the context of intergenerational relationships. To begin with, I identify several characteristics of posterity and explicate the adverse implications these characteristics have for other major theories of intertemporal concern than the rights theory. Next, different versions of the rights theory are closely examined from the perspective of the non-identity problem. Then, I offer an alternative argument for caring about future people, which is founded on the idea of intergenerational fair play. This paper concludes by noting that the fairness theory, unlike its rivals, does not face the non-identity problem or any other problems stemming from the features of posterity previously identified.

Integration of Theory of Constraints Thinking Process and Lean Production for Troubleshooting on a Contractor

The thinking process of TOC （Theory of Constraints） was an important consolidated tool to the systematization of the companies＇ necessities because of its competitive advantage. The lean thinking proposed by Taiichi Ohno and developed by Toyota Company has been tested and found effective in several production processes. This paper aims to propose a method of problem solving through the integration of the principles of lean thinking and the TPTOC （Thinking Process of the Theory of Constraints）. The method was implemented on a civil contractor, using the research methodology and the action research. We concluded that, after the research, the core problem regarding the company is the technical failure of the administrative staff, which causes delay in the construction works and financial loss. We also concluded that the obstacles that could prevent the achievement of objectives are related to lack of a vision from senior management regarding financial return when investing in employee training. The goal was accomplished with the integration of two philosophies, TPTOC and lean. And only the tools proposed by Fl^vio Augusto Picchi were not enough for executing the action, so new lean actions were verbalized.