Terrorism is a global phenomenon that over the last 44 years more than 140,000 terrorist events have been carried out. In the period from 1970-2001, the five countries with the largest number of terrorist attacks were...Terrorism is a global phenomenon that over the last 44 years more than 140,000 terrorist events have been carried out. In the period from 1970-2001, the five countries with the largest number of terrorist attacks were Colombia, Peru, El Salvador, United Kingdom, and India. On the other hand, in the post-2001 context, the five countries with the largest number of terrorist attacks were Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Thailand. One method for measuring in an aggregate way, how many people have suffered under terrorist attacks at national level is to analyze the correlation between some national wellbeing indicators and the number of terrorist attacks. The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the correlation between the global terrorist attacks and the countries wellbeing indicators. Five indicators show a strong relationship with the number of terrorist attacks in the case of the four most attacked countries in the post-2001 context. The authors consider that their findings can support the design of new strategies for preventing terrorist activities taking into account certain socio-economic and political drivers. The authors conclude that as such drivers are socio-complex, so it is necessary to adopt the complex adaptive system （CAS） approach to provide a new way of thinking about terrorism.展开更多
Since the last century, China has carried out the reform of public utilities in the ninety time, and has achieved many positive results. The quality and efficiency of public goods supply is greatly improved. The gover...Since the last century, China has carried out the reform of public utilities in the ninety time, and has achieved many positive results. The quality and efficiency of public goods supply is greatly improved. The government has changed the role of producer and provider from the past to the role of provider and regulator, which effectively promoted the development of the privatization of public utilities. However, in the achievements there has also been some problems, such as too much emphasis on efficiency to the neglect of social justice and the government＇s public responsibility ＂efficiency generalization＂ problem that requires our attention.展开更多
Heart of Darkness is one of the masterpieces of Joseph Conrad （1857-1924）, which shows the author＇s great humanity and his unreserved horror at the crimes committed by the colonists and imperialists all over the wo...Heart of Darkness is one of the masterpieces of Joseph Conrad （1857-1924）, which shows the author＇s great humanity and his unreserved horror at the crimes committed by the colonists and imperialists all over the world. This thesis tries to analyze its three themes： the Colonists＇ material essence, the dark side of human nature, and the disillusionment of civilization. Kurtz, the main character in the novel, is characterized by his greed for material gain and power. The dark side of human nature is reflected in Kurtz＇s cruel behavior towards the natives, his sense of superiority to the marginalized, and his dominance in discourse over the colonial people. Along with the colonists＇ crazy behaviors, there is disillusion with the modem civilization.展开更多
The national image is multi-dimensional, outbound tourism is one of the most intuitive ways. The outbound tourism behavior of Individual citizen is not only considered as the outward manifestation of individual civil ...The national image is multi-dimensional, outbound tourism is one of the most intuitive ways. The outbound tourism behavior of Individual citizen is not only considered as the outward manifestation of individual civil quality, but also considered as the emblem the quality of all citizens of whole country, affects the national image, related to the country＇s national influence and credibility. The outbound tourism of Chinese citizens brought about the rapid growth of the enormous economic benefits and influence, which makes the outbound tourism behavior of Chinese citizens gotten more concern. The uncivilized outbound tourism behavior of Chinese citizens are frequent, which brings extremely strong damage, and which serious impact on the healthy image about the Ancient civilization and the country of ceremonies of China, and which greatly restricts the spread of a good national image of China. Based on the analysis about the characteristics of rapid growth outbound tourism of Chinese citizens, this paper discusses the approaches of current Chinese national image shaping, put forward that China must strengthen citizen education, and improve relevant laws and regulations, and strengthen supervision, only then might Chinese citizens outbound tourism uncivilized behavior be prevented from the root.展开更多
This essay is centred on Nigeria＇s Freedom of Information Act, with special interest in its relevance in the country＇s anti-corruption war. The paper reiterates that the law was passed to enable the public to access...This essay is centred on Nigeria＇s Freedom of Information Act, with special interest in its relevance in the country＇s anti-corruption war. The paper reiterates that the law was passed to enable the public to access certain government information, in order to ensure transparency and accountability. The FOI Act aims to make public records and information more freely available and to protect public records and information, in accordance with the public interest and protection of personal privacy. It enables citizens to hold the government accountable in the event of the misappropriation of public funds or failure to deliver public services. It also seeks to protect serving public officers against any adverse consequences from the unauthorized disclosure of certain kinds of official information, and to establish procedures for the achievement of these purposes. The Act further regulates conflicts between its provisions and those of other legislations. The paper contends that Freedom of Information is a fundamental indicator of economic development and progress, civic engagement and a properly functional democracy in every economy, describing it as a promising start in ensuring good governance and rule of law in Nigeria. The paper stresses the need for vigorous implementation of the FOI Act if the country is to make any significant breakthrough in the enthronement of good governance, transparency and accountability, adding that a strengthened FOI regime will enhance citizens＇ demand for accountability and check corruption in Nigeria.展开更多
This paper focuses on the representational politics of the Aeta indigenous women healers in Cagayan Valley in the Philippines Indigenous peoples have been represented as backward, irrational, and consequently non-huma...This paper focuses on the representational politics of the Aeta indigenous women healers in Cagayan Valley in the Philippines Indigenous peoples have been represented as backward, irrational, and consequently non-human. For racialized women, it is a double tragedy. They face race and gender misrepresentation. This identification interns them on the margins of society. This colonial representation is being questioned and subverted through the narratives of 12 Aeta women healers in the Philippines. In order to make clarifications as to how they have been represented, the Aeta indigenous women healers discussed and elaborated their indigeneity, language, and spirituality. In turn, they contrast their healing practices with public health. Their hope is to amend the way they have been signified. It is a point where the totalizing narratives meet the subjugated knowledge with a call for fairer representation. This paper confirms that Aeta women healers do not need external representation. They can represent themselves. In fact, they have already been representing themselves. The big question is, are we listening？展开更多
Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban sp...Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban spaces.These initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public assets.This paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management entities.The functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding sources.By examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public interests.This has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional competitiveness.The reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.展开更多
This paper uses empirical research conducted in Shanghai to answer these questions： What are the differences between the new generation of migrant workers and the previous generation of migrant workers？ What influen...This paper uses empirical research conducted in Shanghai to answer these questions： What are the differences between the new generation of migrant workers and the previous generation of migrant workers？ What influence do they have on China＇s politics？ Surveys have shown that the new generation of migrant workers put a greater emphasis on personal space and quality of life. They also have a greater awareness of their individual rights. Additionally, they have a stronger desire to assimilate into the city. The ratio of remittances in relation to income among the new generation of migrant workers has decreased signiflcandy while their local spending has increased. Overall, the new migrant workers demonstrate a stronger tendency towards permanent migration. Local citizenship based on the hukou （household registration ） system is facing a crisis of legitimacy. The unrest among the new generation of migrant workers is a mixture of Marx-type labor unrest and Polanyi-type labor unrest, but the unrest is ultimately directed towards the state. The result will be a rise in the politics of citizenship in China.展开更多
Historically, economic development and human fights go hand in hand. On the one hand, the protection of human rights is the purpose of economic development, i.e., promoting economic and social rights through economic ...Historically, economic development and human fights go hand in hand. On the one hand, the protection of human rights is the purpose of economic development, i.e., promoting economic and social rights through economic development, and then creating conditions for the realization of civil and political fights. On the other hand, the protection of human rights is a means to economic development, and only through the protection of human fights, can sustained and healthy economic development be realized. The economic development model of China since 1978, for quite a long period of time, is suitable for subsistence-based development. However, it also has created risks of economic failure and political legitimacy crises. So it is necessary to adopt a scientific development model which values human rights.展开更多
文摘Terrorism is a global phenomenon that over the last 44 years more than 140,000 terrorist events have been carried out. In the period from 1970-2001, the five countries with the largest number of terrorist attacks were Colombia, Peru, El Salvador, United Kingdom, and India. On the other hand, in the post-2001 context, the five countries with the largest number of terrorist attacks were Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, and Thailand. One method for measuring in an aggregate way, how many people have suffered under terrorist attacks at national level is to analyze the correlation between some national wellbeing indicators and the number of terrorist attacks. The aim of this study is to analyze empirically the correlation between the global terrorist attacks and the countries wellbeing indicators. Five indicators show a strong relationship with the number of terrorist attacks in the case of the four most attacked countries in the post-2001 context. The authors consider that their findings can support the design of new strategies for preventing terrorist activities taking into account certain socio-economic and political drivers. The authors conclude that as such drivers are socio-complex, so it is necessary to adopt the complex adaptive system （CAS） approach to provide a new way of thinking about terrorism.
文摘Since the last century, China has carried out the reform of public utilities in the ninety time, and has achieved many positive results. The quality and efficiency of public goods supply is greatly improved. The government has changed the role of producer and provider from the past to the role of provider and regulator, which effectively promoted the development of the privatization of public utilities. However, in the achievements there has also been some problems, such as too much emphasis on efficiency to the neglect of social justice and the government＇s public responsibility ＂efficiency generalization＂ problem that requires our attention.
文摘Heart of Darkness is one of the masterpieces of Joseph Conrad （1857-1924）, which shows the author＇s great humanity and his unreserved horror at the crimes committed by the colonists and imperialists all over the world. This thesis tries to analyze its three themes： the Colonists＇ material essence, the dark side of human nature, and the disillusionment of civilization. Kurtz, the main character in the novel, is characterized by his greed for material gain and power. The dark side of human nature is reflected in Kurtz＇s cruel behavior towards the natives, his sense of superiority to the marginalized, and his dominance in discourse over the colonial people. Along with the colonists＇ crazy behaviors, there is disillusion with the modem civilization.
文摘The national image is multi-dimensional, outbound tourism is one of the most intuitive ways. The outbound tourism behavior of Individual citizen is not only considered as the outward manifestation of individual civil quality, but also considered as the emblem the quality of all citizens of whole country, affects the national image, related to the country＇s national influence and credibility. The outbound tourism of Chinese citizens brought about the rapid growth of the enormous economic benefits and influence, which makes the outbound tourism behavior of Chinese citizens gotten more concern. The uncivilized outbound tourism behavior of Chinese citizens are frequent, which brings extremely strong damage, and which serious impact on the healthy image about the Ancient civilization and the country of ceremonies of China, and which greatly restricts the spread of a good national image of China. Based on the analysis about the characteristics of rapid growth outbound tourism of Chinese citizens, this paper discusses the approaches of current Chinese national image shaping, put forward that China must strengthen citizen education, and improve relevant laws and regulations, and strengthen supervision, only then might Chinese citizens outbound tourism uncivilized behavior be prevented from the root.
文摘This essay is centred on Nigeria＇s Freedom of Information Act, with special interest in its relevance in the country＇s anti-corruption war. The paper reiterates that the law was passed to enable the public to access certain government information, in order to ensure transparency and accountability. The FOI Act aims to make public records and information more freely available and to protect public records and information, in accordance with the public interest and protection of personal privacy. It enables citizens to hold the government accountable in the event of the misappropriation of public funds or failure to deliver public services. It also seeks to protect serving public officers against any adverse consequences from the unauthorized disclosure of certain kinds of official information, and to establish procedures for the achievement of these purposes. The Act further regulates conflicts between its provisions and those of other legislations. The paper contends that Freedom of Information is a fundamental indicator of economic development and progress, civic engagement and a properly functional democracy in every economy, describing it as a promising start in ensuring good governance and rule of law in Nigeria. The paper stresses the need for vigorous implementation of the FOI Act if the country is to make any significant breakthrough in the enthronement of good governance, transparency and accountability, adding that a strengthened FOI regime will enhance citizens＇ demand for accountability and check corruption in Nigeria.
文摘This paper focuses on the representational politics of the Aeta indigenous women healers in Cagayan Valley in the Philippines Indigenous peoples have been represented as backward, irrational, and consequently non-human. For racialized women, it is a double tragedy. They face race and gender misrepresentation. This identification interns them on the margins of society. This colonial representation is being questioned and subverted through the narratives of 12 Aeta women healers in the Philippines. In order to make clarifications as to how they have been represented, the Aeta indigenous women healers discussed and elaborated their indigeneity, language, and spirituality. In turn, they contrast their healing practices with public health. Their hope is to amend the way they have been signified. It is a point where the totalizing narratives meet the subjugated knowledge with a call for fairer representation. This paper confirms that Aeta women healers do not need external representation. They can represent themselves. In fact, they have already been representing themselves. The big question is, are we listening？
文摘Facing challenges of population decline and fiscal austerity,Japan has implemented a series of initiatives to promote public-private partnerships(PPP)to ensure the sustainability of urban parks and revitalize urban spaces.These initiatives,while alleviating the government’s financial burdens on parks,have also raised concerns about the potential erosion of publicness and public interests resulted from the commercialization of public assets.This paper reviews the evolution of Japan’s urban park management system after World War II—including three phases of being purely public goods,initiating marketization,and diversifying management entities.The functions of parks have continuously enriched,and the construction,management,and operational modes have shifted from government-led towards multi-stakeholder participation,along with expanded funding sources.By examining the PPP types,driving forces,implementation mechanisms and challenges in urban park management,this paper points out that,in different eras and social contexts,the Japanese government has kept adjusting its role to maximize public interests.This has proactively updated the implications of publicness in infrastructure like urban parks,from a post-war opposite of publicness versus privateness on ownership,to the participation of private capital for a higher efficiency,and finally to a community for a stronger regional competitiveness.The reforms of urban park management system in Japan offer significant lessons and insights for urban infrastructure management in other countries and regions.
文摘This paper uses empirical research conducted in Shanghai to answer these questions： What are the differences between the new generation of migrant workers and the previous generation of migrant workers？ What influence do they have on China＇s politics？ Surveys have shown that the new generation of migrant workers put a greater emphasis on personal space and quality of life. They also have a greater awareness of their individual rights. Additionally, they have a stronger desire to assimilate into the city. The ratio of remittances in relation to income among the new generation of migrant workers has decreased signiflcandy while their local spending has increased. Overall, the new migrant workers demonstrate a stronger tendency towards permanent migration. Local citizenship based on the hukou （household registration ） system is facing a crisis of legitimacy. The unrest among the new generation of migrant workers is a mixture of Marx-type labor unrest and Polanyi-type labor unrest, but the unrest is ultimately directed towards the state. The result will be a rise in the politics of citizenship in China.
文摘Historically, economic development and human fights go hand in hand. On the one hand, the protection of human rights is the purpose of economic development, i.e., promoting economic and social rights through economic development, and then creating conditions for the realization of civil and political fights. On the other hand, the protection of human rights is a means to economic development, and only through the protection of human fights, can sustained and healthy economic development be realized. The economic development model of China since 1978, for quite a long period of time, is suitable for subsistence-based development. However, it also has created risks of economic failure and political legitimacy crises. So it is necessary to adopt a scientific development model which values human rights.
