Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer(EGC),especially in Korea and Japan.The criteria for the therapeutic use of ESD for EGC have been expanded recently.However,...Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer(EGC),especially in Korea and Japan.The criteria for the therapeutic use of ESD for EGC have been expanded recently.However,attention should be drawn to the technical feasibility of the ESD treatment which depends on a lesion's location,size or fibrosis level,or operator's experience.In the case of a lesion with a high level of difficulty,a more experienced operator is required.Thus,the treatment for a lesion with a high level of difficulty should be performed according to the degree of the operator's experience.In this paper,the authors describe the ESD procedure for lesions with a high level of difficulty.展开更多
Since the last century, China has carried out the reform of public utilities in the ninety time, and has achieved many positive results. The quality and efficiency of public goods supply is greatly improved. The gover...Since the last century, China has carried out the reform of public utilities in the ninety time, and has achieved many positive results. The quality and efficiency of public goods supply is greatly improved. The government has changed the role of producer and provider from the past to the role of provider and regulator, which effectively promoted the development of the privatization of public utilities. However, in the achievements there has also been some problems, such as too much emphasis on efficiency to the neglect of social justice and the government＇s public responsibility ＂efficiency generalization＂ problem that requires our attention.展开更多
The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentraliz...The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentralized system of government regulation and legal system construction is lagging behind, can making the privatization process easily lead to the emergence of efficient generalization, must be identified and avoided. This paper presents efficient generalization of privatization of public utility of our country city in measure, and analyzes the performance efficiency of the three resulting generalization.展开更多
This paper intends to examine the motivation of diversification. We choose the Shanghai listed companies that adopted a diversification strategy in 2011 but realized a declined performance in 2012 as the study samples...This paper intends to examine the motivation of diversification. We choose the Shanghai listed companies that adopted a diversification strategy in 2011 but realized a declined performance in 2012 as the study samples, and come to the following conclusions： （1） The macro environment will affect the implementation of the diversification strategy for some industries, such as extractive industry, wood furniture industry, rubber industry, and the building industry; （2） As to the sample of downward performance diversified companies, the shareholders＇ benefits transfer motivation is an important consideration. Further analysis shows that there are some differences in the degree of diversification, benefits transfer motivation, and the degree of income impairment when the sample is classified by corporate nature, growth stage, and firm size. The differences are more obvious in different corporate natures; and （3） A clear correlation between the management ability and the degree of income impairment is not found. But there are some correlations between ownership concentration and the degree of income impairment.展开更多
The main goal of this paper is to analyze situations of financial crisis in Italian companies. The analysis has also been focused on the company＇s attitude to overcome the financial crisis. Secondly, the authors have...The main goal of this paper is to analyze situations of financial crisis in Italian companies. The analysis has also been focused on the company＇s attitude to overcome the financial crisis. Secondly, the authors have analyzed if the recovery project has required the introduction of a new management control system or changes to the existing management control system. The methodology is composed of several steps. First of all, the authors have analyzed the existing literature. Secondly, the authors have referred to a sample of 98 Italian recovery projects formalized by Italian private companies. The analysis of the literature and the recovery projects permits to achieve some provisional results, which have been tested through surveys. The methodology approach is inspired by the grounded theory. The findings have been several： （1） The crisis is a usual event in the lifecycle of a firm, due to a deterioration of its strength and a change of the context; （2） The timing factor has played a fundamental role in managing the crisis situation, because a late identification of the symptoms or a minimization of them can generate an irreversible situation; and （3） In addition, a recovery project includes the introduction of a new management control system or changes to the existing management control system. These new or modified management control systems use ＂feed-forward＂ mechanisms, which make early predictions about the changes in the characteristics of the competitive framework.展开更多
文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer(EGC),especially in Korea and Japan.The criteria for the therapeutic use of ESD for EGC have been expanded recently.However,attention should be drawn to the technical feasibility of the ESD treatment which depends on a lesion's location,size or fibrosis level,or operator's experience.In the case of a lesion with a high level of difficulty,a more experienced operator is required.Thus,the treatment for a lesion with a high level of difficulty should be performed according to the degree of the operator's experience.In this paper,the authors describe the ESD procedure for lesions with a high level of difficulty.
文摘Since the last century, China has carried out the reform of public utilities in the ninety time, and has achieved many positive results. The quality and efficiency of public goods supply is greatly improved. The government has changed the role of producer and provider from the past to the role of provider and regulator, which effectively promoted the development of the privatization of public utilities. However, in the achievements there has also been some problems, such as too much emphasis on efficiency to the neglect of social justice and the government＇s public responsibility ＂efficiency generalization＂ problem that requires our attention.
文摘The transformation of the development China＇s privatization of city public utilities？ vigorously promote the government function, however, the relative monopoly administrative operation system, functions decentralized system of government regulation and legal system construction is lagging behind, can making the privatization process easily lead to the emergence of efficient generalization, must be identified and avoided. This paper presents efficient generalization of privatization of public utility of our country city in measure, and analyzes the performance efficiency of the three resulting generalization.
文摘This paper intends to examine the motivation of diversification. We choose the Shanghai listed companies that adopted a diversification strategy in 2011 but realized a declined performance in 2012 as the study samples, and come to the following conclusions： （1） The macro environment will affect the implementation of the diversification strategy for some industries, such as extractive industry, wood furniture industry, rubber industry, and the building industry; （2） As to the sample of downward performance diversified companies, the shareholders＇ benefits transfer motivation is an important consideration. Further analysis shows that there are some differences in the degree of diversification, benefits transfer motivation, and the degree of income impairment when the sample is classified by corporate nature, growth stage, and firm size. The differences are more obvious in different corporate natures; and （3） A clear correlation between the management ability and the degree of income impairment is not found. But there are some correlations between ownership concentration and the degree of income impairment.
文摘The main goal of this paper is to analyze situations of financial crisis in Italian companies. The analysis has also been focused on the company＇s attitude to overcome the financial crisis. Secondly, the authors have analyzed if the recovery project has required the introduction of a new management control system or changes to the existing management control system. The methodology is composed of several steps. First of all, the authors have analyzed the existing literature. Secondly, the authors have referred to a sample of 98 Italian recovery projects formalized by Italian private companies. The analysis of the literature and the recovery projects permits to achieve some provisional results, which have been tested through surveys. The methodology approach is inspired by the grounded theory. The findings have been several： （1） The crisis is a usual event in the lifecycle of a firm, due to a deterioration of its strength and a change of the context; （2） The timing factor has played a fundamental role in managing the crisis situation, because a late identification of the symptoms or a minimization of them can generate an irreversible situation; and （3） In addition, a recovery project includes the introduction of a new management control system or changes to the existing management control system. These new or modified management control systems use ＂feed-forward＂ mechanisms, which make early predictions about the changes in the characteristics of the competitive framework.
