正常和病理状态下“关元”穴的中枢神经束路示踪研究及电针的影响

目的:应用伪狂犬病毒(PRV)作为神经示踪剂研究正常和病理状态下"关元"穴针刺信号从穴位传递到神经中枢的通路,并观察电针对其影响。方法:将SD雌性大鼠随机分为正常组(NC)、正常加电针组(NC+EA)、去卵巢组(OVX)和去卵巢加电针组(OVX+EA)。OVX和OVX+EA组行双侧卵巢切除术,术后4周与NC和NC+EA组同时在"关元"穴注射10μl滴度为108plaque-formingunits(PFU)/ml的PRV。NC+EA和OVX+EA组在注射病毒后30min在"关元"穴给予电针处理(2Hz,2～3mA),每天1次,每次30min,连续3d。用免疫组化法观察PRV免疫阳性细胞在中枢神经系统的分布及数量。结果:1)4组大鼠的脊髓、脑干、下丘脑以及大脑皮层均可观察到PRV免疫阳性细胞,其主要分布为:脊髓腰、胸、颈段的腹侧和背侧角,脑干孤束核、巨细胞网状核、三叉神经脊束核、下橄榄核等,下丘脑室旁核、弓状核、腹内侧核、斜角带核、视前大细胞亚核等,以及皮层的纹状区等。2)在OVX组,与神经内分泌密切相关的核团中PRV免疫阳性细胞数量明显减少,如:隔内侧核、室旁核、弓状核、斜角带核(P<0.05);部分核团甚至无阳性表达,如:下丘脑视前大细胞亚核、腹内侧核(P<0.01)。OVX+EA组在相同核团内的阳性细胞数量与OVX组相比明显增加(P<0.05)。NC和NC+EA组相比差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:去卵巢后,机体功能发生异常,正常状态下的神经通路受到影响;针刺"关元"可促进原有神经结构的恢复。

电针对“关元”穴区初级感觉传入神经元节段分布的影响

目的：用CB—HRP示踪法对大鼠“关元”穴传入的神经节段分布进行研究。方法：SD大鼠随机分成对照组和电针组，分别在“关元”穴注入0．03％CB-HRP 20μL。注射后，电针组动物每天给予“关元”穴电针30min，共3d。84h后，观察两组动物的双侧相应节段的背根神经节（DRG）中阳性标记细胞的形态学变化和数量的变化。结果：在两组动物的T11～L3双侧DRG中，都存在有与“关元”穴相关的CB—HRP标记细胞；电针组的标记细胞总数显著高于对照组；标记细胞总数分布最多的节段，对照组在L3，电针组比对照组高一节段，在L2；两组标记细胞的形态学观察，均可分为大、中、小三型细胞，其中以小型细胞占多数。结论：针刺大鼠“关元”穴，可使穴位区局部感觉神经初级传入功能活动加强，L2可能是针刺“关元”穴信号传入脊髓的主要途径。

针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴对心组织中NOS、CAT、MDA含量影响的实验研究

目的 :通过针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴观测大鼠心组织中一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、丙二醛 (MDA)含量的变化来探讨关于针刺抗氧化方面的研究。方法 :采用生物化学方法检测针刺后大鼠心组织内NOS、CAT、MDA含量的变化。结果 :针刺能提高心组织中一氧化氮合酶含量、提高CAT活性、降低MDA含量。结论 :针刺老年大鼠“足三里”、“关元”穴能提高抗氧化防御系统的能力 ,抑制脂质过氧化反应 ,从而起到延缓衰老的进程 ,达到抗衰老作用。

艾灸关元穴治疗原发性痛经的灸时灸感与灸效相关性研究

目的比较不同的灸时及灸感对原发性痛经(寒湿凝滞型)的疗效差异。方法纳入195例合格受试者,将其分为普通悬灸1组(温和灸30min)63例、普通悬灸2组(温和灸60min)63例及热敏灸组(热敏灸疗法)69例。结果普通悬灸1组、普通悬灸2组与热敏灸组之间比较,在症状积分、近期疗效、即时疗效及简化McGill疼痛询问量表(MPQ)方面比较三组之间皆有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论灸时与灸效有高度相关性,60min灸时疗效明显优于30min灸时;灸感与灸效亦有高度相关性,在灸时相同的情况下,产生热敏灸感的疗效明显优于普通悬灸。

悬灸治疗原发性痛经的灸量相关因素研究

目的:比较不同的灸量对原发性痛经(寒湿凝滞型)疗效的影响,从而探查影响灸量的相关因素。方法:纳入195例合格受试者,将其分为普通悬灸1组(温和灸30min)63例、普通悬灸2组(温和灸60min)63例及热敏灸组(热敏灸疗法)69例。结果:普通悬灸1组、普通悬灸2组与热敏灸组之间比较,在对COX痛经症状量表(CMSS)、经血中前列腺素F2α(PGF2α)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、血管加压素(AVP)含量的比较皆有非常显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:60min普通悬灸疗效显著优于30min普通悬灸,说明灸时长短是影响灸量的重要因素,直接影响灸效;热敏灸的疗效显著优于普通悬灸,说明穴位对艾热的吸收能力直接影响灸量,从而影响灸效。

针灸对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率、姊妹染色单体交换率的影响

目的:研究针灸的抗突变作用。方法:以小鼠为实验动物,以环磷酰胺为诱变剂。随机分正常对照组,阳性对照组,针灸预防Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,针灸治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ组。针灸观察组针刺"足三里",艾灸"关元"穴,检测各组小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率、姊妹染色单体交换率的差异。结果:阳性对照组与正常对照组比较,骨髓细胞染色体畸变率和姊妹染色单体交换率明显升高,而针灸各组与阳性对照组比较明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:针灸可以拮抗由环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率和姊妹染色单体交换率的升高。针灸具有抗突变作用。

中西医结合治疗习惯性流产

为探讨习惯性流产中西医结合新疗法．对我院1992年3月～2002年3月，10年间收治的62例习惯性流产患者资料进行分析总结．结果认为胶艾四物汤加减煎服加黄体酮“关元”穴封闭基础上，再肌肉注射HCG保胎者，保胎率提高到93．75％，报道如下：

Acupuncture combined with heavy moxibustion at Guanyuan (关元 CV 4) for 31 cases of elderly women with stress urinary incontinence

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with heavy moxibustion at Guan yuan （关元CV 4） in treating stress urinary incontinence of elderly women. Methods Patients （31 cases） were treated with acupuncture combined with double moxa sticks at CV 4 for 30 minutes, once a day, with 10 days of treatments as a therapeutic course, lasting for 3 courses and 3 days interval between courses. 4-5 courses were treated in severe cases. After treatment, condition of urinary incontinence of the patients was observed and the efficacy was analyzed. Results After treatment, 18 cases were cured, 7 cases were marked effective, 14 cases were effective and 2 cases were failed, and the total effective rate was 93.54%. Conclusion The acupuncture combined with heavy moxibustion at CV 4 has remarkable efficacy on stress urinary incontinence of elderly women.

Effects of moxibustion at different times on prostaglandin and vasopressin levels in uterine tissues of rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention

Objective： To observe the effects of moxibustion at different times on prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2）, prostaglandin F2α（PGF_（2α））and arginine vasopressin（AVP）, in the uterine tissues of rats with dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention, and to explore the differences and possible mechanisms of moxibustion at different times in easing pain in dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention.Methods： Forty-three female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group（n=7）, a model group（n=9）,a pre-moxibustion group（n=9）, an immediate-moxibustion group（n=9） and a pre-moxibustion plus immediatemoxibustion group（n=9）. Rat models of primary dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention were established using（0±1） ℃ ice water immersion method combined with injection of estradiol benzoate for 10 d, followed by injection of oxytocin on the 11 th day. Rats in the 3 intervention groups received moxibustion to Shenque（CV 8） and Guanyuan（CV 4）, 10 min for each acupoint, once a day. Rats in pre-moxibustion group were given mild moxibustion, beginning on the 8th day during modeling, for 3 continuous days; rats in immediate-moxibustion group were given one time mild moxibustion, immediately after injection of oxytocin on the 11 th day during modeling; rats in pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group were given mild moxibustion, beginning on the 8th day during modeling till immediately after injection of oxytocin on the 11 th day during modeling, for 4 continuous days. The level of PGF_（2α） in the rat uterine tissues was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）, and the levels of PGE_2 and AVP in rat uterine tissues were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results： Compared with the blank control group, the levels of PGF_（2α） and AVP, the PGF_（2α）/PGE_2 ratio in the model group were significantly increased（P〈0.01）, and the PGE_2 level was significantly decreased（P〈0.01） in the rat uterine tissues in the model group. Compared with the model group, the writhing latency was significantly prolonged, the writhing number and the total writhing score were all decreased in the pre-moxibustion group, the immediate-moxibustion group and the pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group（all P〈0.01）; the levels of PGF_（2α） and AVP, and the PGF_（2α）/PGE_2 ratio were all significantly decreased（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）, and the PGE_2 level was significantly increased（P〈0.01） in the rat uterine tissues of the 3 treatment groups. Compared with the pre-moxibustion group, the writhing number and the total writhing score were all decreased in the immediate-moxibustion group and the pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group（all P〈0.01）, the writhing latency was significantly prolonged in the pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group（P〈0.01）; the levels of PGF_（2α） and PGF_（2α）/PGE_2 ratio were significantly decreased（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）, and the PGE_2 level was significantly increased（P〈0.01） in rat uterine tissues in the immediate-moxibustion group and the pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group. Compared with the immediate-moxibustion group, the writhing latency was significantly prolonged and the writhing number wasdecreased（all P〈0.05）, and the total writhing score was decreased（P〈0.01） in the pre-moxibustion plus immediatemoxibustion group; the PGF_（2α） level and the PGF_（2α）/PGE_2 ratio were significantly decreased（P〈0.01）, and the PGE_2 level was significantly increased（P〈0.01） in rat uterine tissues in the pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion group.Conclusion： Moxibustion at different times all can produce obvious analgesic effects on dysmenorrhea due to cold-dampness retention in rats, and pre-moxibustion plus immediate-moxibustion ranks the top. The mechanism of this analgesic effect may be via the regulation of abnormal PGF_（2α）, PGE_2 and AVP levels, to effectively inhibit the spastic contraction of uterine smooth muscle in dysmenorrhea rat, thereby improving the ischemia and hypoxia in uterus.

Tuina Treatment for 37 Cases of Postoperative Urinary Retention

Objective： To observe the effect of postoperative urinary retention treated with tuina therapy. Methods： Tuina therapy was applied on 37 cases of postoperative urinary retention; Qihai （CV 6）, Guanyuan （CV 4）, Zhongji （CV 3） and bilateral Sanyinjiao （SP 6） were selected. Results： Thirty-six cases were cured and 1 case was not surveyed after 1 to 3 treatments. Conclusion： Point tuina is an effective method in treating postoperative urinary retention.

Clinical studies on different acupuncture time for primary dysmenorrhea

Objective： To seek the optimal acupuncture time for primary dysmenorrhea and provide clinical basis for optimal acupuncture treatment protocol. Methods： A total of 90 eligible cases were randomly allocated into three groups, 30 cases in each group. Points Guanyuan（CV 4）, bilateral Zusanli（ST 36） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） were selected for patients in all three groups, with a different treatment duration： 15 min in group A, 30 min in group B and 45 min in group C. Then the clinical efficacy in each group was evaluated by pain symptom scoring. Results： As for the pain symptom scores, there were statistically significant intra-group differences between before and after treatment in three groups（all P〈0.05）; coupled with statistically significant inter-group differences between group B and the other two groups（both P〈0.05）. As for clinical efficacy, there were statistical differences between group B and the other two groups（both P〈0.05）, indicating that 30 min of acupuncture is the optimal duration in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion： With the same needling manipulation, 30 min of acupuncture treatment achieves a better efficacy for primary dysmenorrhea.

Assessment of Heat-sensitization at Guanyuan （CV4） in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea： A Comparative Study between Moxibustion Sensation and Infrared Thermography

Objective： To compare moxibustion sensation and infrared thermography by the assessment of heat-sensitization on Guanyuan （CV4） in patients with primary dysmenorrhea, and to prove the possibility of adopting infrared thermography as an objective demonstration of acupoints heat-sensitization. Methods： Seventy-one patients with primary dysmenorrhea were enrolled to receive moxibustion and infrared to detect the heat-sensitization of Guanyuan （CV 4）. The results were then analyzed and compared. Results： The infrared radiation showed a lower temperature when the acupoint Guanyuan （CV4） was sensitized in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Compared with moxibustion sensation, its sensitivity rate （real positive rate） was 76.6%, divergence rate （real negative rate） was 70.1%, and the accuracy rate was 74.6%. After giving moxibustion to Guanyuan （CV4）, the infrared radiation area was significantly expanded longitudinally and transversely. Compared with moxibustion test, the sensitivity rate （real positive rate） of infrared test was 78.7%, divergencerate （real negative rate） was 83.3%, and the accuracy rate was 80.3%. Conclusion： To a certain extent, the heat-sensitization of the acupoint Guanyuan （CV4） in patients with primary dysmenorrhea can be revealed by infrared thermography. The acupoint heat-sensitization phenomena （heat extension or transmission） after giving moxibustion to the heat-sensitized acupoints can also be demonstrated objectively by infrared thermography, besides experienced subjectively by the receivers.

Clinical Study on Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Qihuang Herbal Warm Bag

To investigate the effect of Qihuang herbal warm bag on primary dysmenorrhea. Methods： Thirty-two patients with primary dysmenorrhea were selected as subjects and treated by compression with the herbal warm bag for two months. The curative effect was evaluated, and prostaglandin F2a（PGF2a） and 13-endorphin（13-EP） were measured before and after treatment. Results： The herbal warm bag had positive effects on dysmenorrhea at different degrees and could decrease the contents of blood PGF2a and β-EP. Conclusion： The herbal warm bag is quite effective for primary dysmenorrhea possibly by decreasing serum PGF2a and increasing serum β-EP.

Acupoints selection pattern in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of perimenopausal syndrome from 2007 to 2016

Objective： To discuss the acupoints selection pattern in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of perimenopausal syndrome（PMS） from 2007 to 2016. Methods： Clinical literatures related to PMS treated with acupuncture-moxibustion published from 2007 to 2016 were collected from Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（CBM）, Chongqing VIP Database（CQVIP）, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, and Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database（Wanfang）. The retrieved data underwent descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and association pattern analysis to determine the acupoints selection principle in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS. Results： The top five acupoints used in acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS were Sanyinjiao（SP 6）, Shenshu（BL 23）, Guanyuan（CV 4）, Baihui（GV 20）, and Shenmen（HT 7）. The leading 4 meridians were Bladder Meridian, Conception Vessel, Spleen Meridian, and Governor Vessel. The clustering analysis showed that the 5 core acupoint groups were：（1） Sanyinjiao（SP 6）;（2） Shenshu（BL 23） and Guanyuan（CV 4）;（3） Baihui（GV 20）, Shenmen（HT 7）, Zusanli（ST 36）, Ganshu（BL 18） and Taichong（LR 3）;（4） Taixi（KI 3）, Pishu（BL 20）, Xinshu（BL 15）, Qihai（CV 6） and Neiguan（PC 6）;（5） Sishencong（EX-HN 1）, Zhongwan（CV 12）, Hegu（LI 4）, Yintang（GV 29）, Fengchi（GB 20）, Zhongji（CV 3） and Feishu（BL 13）. The three most significant acupoints were Sanyinjiao（SP 6）, Shenshu（BL 23） and Guanyuan（CV 4）. Acupoint groups based on syndrome differentiation included：（1） Hegu（LI 4）, Zhongwan（CV 12） and Sishencong（EX-HN 1）;（2） Feishu（BL 13）, Zhongji（CV 3）, Fengchi（GB 20） and Yintang（GV 29）;（3） Xinshu（BL 15）, Pishu（BL 20）, Qihai（CV 6）, Neiguan（PC 6） and Taixi（KI 3）;（4） Ganshu（BL 18）, Zusanli（ST 36）, Shenmen（HT 7）, Taichong（LR 3） and Baihui（GV 20）. The analysis of association pattern elaborated that Shenshu（BL 23） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） won the highest support rate in the paired groups; Ganshu（BL 18）, Shenshu（BL 23） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） had the highest support rate among the acupoint groups. Conclusion： The data mining results of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS substantially conform to the general principle in traditional acupuncture-moxibustion theories, able to reflect the acupoints selection and grouping pattern and provide references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PMS.

Effect of electroacupuncture on anti-Mullerian hormone expression in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective: To observe whether the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on improving sex hormone disorders and follicle development is by decreasing the expression of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) in rats with experimental polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups, a normal group (NG), a model group (MG), an EA at acupoints group (EAAG), and an EA at non-acupoints group (EANAG), with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the EAAG and EANAG were intervened by EA treatment for consecutive 14 d. Zhongji (CV 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4) were selected as the acupoints in the EAAG, and the tip of the tail and 1 cm up from the tail tip were selected as the non-acupoints in the EANAG. After treatment, the histomorphological changes of the ovary, the levels of aromatase P450 (P450arom)/ testosterone and estradiol in the ovarian tissues, and the expressions of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and AMH were observed. Results: After treatment, compared with the MG and EANAG, the expression of AMH decreased (P<0.05), the levels of P450arom and estradiol in creased sign ifica ntly, and the level of testostero ne decreased sign ifica ntly (all P<0.01) in the EAAG. Additionally, several normal follicles were present and the number of cystically dilated follicles decreased in the EAAG. Compared with the MG and EANAG, the EAAG obviously had more follicular granulosa cells. Con elusion: EA can dow n-regulate the abn ormally in creased expressi on of AMH to improve sex hormone disorders and follicle development in PCOS rats.

Clinical Application of Moxibustion on Guanyuan(CV 4)

Guanyuan （CV 4） is located 3 cun below the umbilicus, on the midline of abdomen. It is the Front-Mu Point of the Small Intestine, a crossing point of Three Yin Meridians of Foot and Conception Vessel. It can warm the kidney to invigorate yang, tonify the Yuan-Primordial qi, dredge and regulate Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels,