“养生”概念新论

养生观念的生发,是在祭祀诉求中以极为神圣和神秘的形式表达出来的。在类比思维的作用下,人类通过祭祀的方法,祈望得到上天对自己更好的饲养、供养;"生"的祭祀意象是人们对生活、生命理想状态,即滋长与丰满的渴求。养生从原始崇拜、原始宗教的源头里产生出来,在道教信仰宗旨和传统科技精神的统摄下,发展成为道教养生科技。"养生科",侧重于思想的阐述和理论的探索,"养生技"侧重于养生技术的方式与操作程序以及养生实践的运用。

The first complete plastid genome of Burmannia disticha L. from the mycoheterotrophic monocot family Burmanniaceae

Burmanniaceae is one major group within the monocot order Dioscoreales that has not had its plastome sequenced.Members of Burmanniaceae are mostly achlorophyllous,although the genus Burmannia also includes autotrophs.Here,we report sequencing and analysis of the first Burmanniaceae plastid genome from Burmannia disticha L..This plastome is 157,480 bp and was assembled as a circular sequence with the typical quadripartite structure of plant plastid genomes.This plastome has a regular number of potentially functional genes with a total of 111,including 78 protein coding genes,4 ribosomal RNA(rRNA) genes,and 29 tRNA genes.The ratio of the total length of genic:intergenic DNA is 1.58:1,and the mean length of intergenic regions is 398 bp,the longest being 1918 bp.The overall GC content of the B.disticha plastome is 34.90%,and the IR regions in B.disticha are more GC rich(39.50%) than the LSC(32.30%) and SSC(28.80%) regions.Phylogenetic analysis of protein-coding sequences from plastomes of related species in the order Dioscoreales support a clade comprising Burmanniaceae and Dioscoreaceae.This phylogenetic placement is congruent with previous findings based on nuclear and mitochondrial evidence.

Production dynamics and life cycle of dominant chironomids (Diptera,Chironomidae) in a subtropical stream in China:adaptation to variable flow conditions in summer and autumn

The production dynamics and trophic basis of 7 dominant species of chironomids were investigated in the area of a second-order river of the Hanjiang River basin, in central China from June 2003 to June 2004. The results showed that Tvetenia discoloripes was by far the most abundant chironomid, dominating the overall standing stock of the taxa. In terms of life cycle, Chaetocladius sp., Eukiefferiella potthasti and T. discoloripes developed 1 generation a year, whereas Microtendipes sp. and Pagastia sp. developed two, while Pentaneura sp. and Polypedilum sp. developed three. T. discoloripes was the most productive chironomid with 120.305 8 g/m2.a, Pentaneura sp. and E. potthasti had relatively high production values of >17 g/m2.a, and the rest were <10 g/m2.a. All the production temporal variation tended to follow biomass patterns. T. discoloripes, Chaetocladius sp. and Pagastia sp. concentrated most of their production in winter, whereas E. potthasti, Pentaneura sp. and Polypedilum sp. had relatively higher production throughout the year. Only Microtendipes sp. had a production that peaked in summer. The overlap in temporal distribution of production among the chironomid species was generally high (>0.5), especially for filter-collectors Microtendipes sp., Chaetocladius sp., Chaetocladius sp., T. discoloripes and Pagastia sp. All species except Pentaneura sp. consumed a large portion of amorphous detritus, constituting more than 90% of their diets, and contributing nearly 90% to their secondary production. All the 7 chironomids represent obvious adaptation to local highly variable climate in summer and autumn in life cycle pattern, production dynamics, and food type.

Economic and Market Analysis of Swine Rearing and Pork Production in Ghana

Swine rearing and pork production has recently attracted the growing interest of Ghanaian farmers who seek diversification of enterprises and existing farmers looking for alternatives following a period of low profitability. Piggery was established to combine science and technology to generate innovations for anyone seeking to establish a new pig production enterprise. Results show that since 2008 to 2013, pork prices in Ghana rose rapidly between 115-120%. Also the rate of returns was higher at 43.62% compared to bank interested rate. Feed, as a percentage of total costs, were minimised from 70% to 55% with integrated lactobacillus brewer spent malt as supplement to formulated feed. The piggery project was highly successful and invested capital was recouped within two years of project take-off. Collaborating with other farms, organisations and entrepreneurs, a lot of research innovations in the area of improving feed cost, animal nutrition, waste management practices, and breeding have been generated and shared with both small and large-holder pig farmers. In all aspect of the farm management, results achieved so far especially with pork carcass quality and profit margins are encouraging which have led to the expansion of the piggery project.

Preliminary Study of Anthelmintic Potential of Terminalia catappa Fresh Leaves Following Short-Term Daily Feeding on Goats

The anthelmintic resistance was developed in many species of gastrointestinal nematodes and occurred worldwide. This phenomenon had reduced the effectiveness of anthelmintics which based on drugs. This situation has led to the scientific study on natural anthelmintic that based on traditional usage of local plants. In this study, local plant named Ketapang （Terminalia catappa） that traditionally used to treat helminth infection was chose as experimental plant. Eighteen mix Katjang goats were equally divided into three groups, where two groups were treated with mature and immature T. catappa leaves respectively, while the third group was untreated. Leaves were daily feeding in raw to the goats for four weeks. Normal goat＇s pellet was fed to the goats according to scheduled time-feediing; morning and afternoon, and water was given ad libitum. Fecal samples were collected every two days during the experimental period and subjected to modified Mc Master fecal egg count. Results for this short-term preliminary anthelmintic trial had showed significant percentage of helminth eggs reduction in goats. The reduction in goats treated with mature leaves was at 72% and 63% for the goats treated with immature leaves. Control goats did not showed significant reduction in terms of the parasite worm eggs. In conclusion, the ethnoveterinary data about this local plant was scientifically proven and can be widely promoted to the local livestock＇s owner as an alternative approach for parasitic helminths control in goats.

The day after the 7th day of the Creation:Breakthrough of human embryo in vitro culture

Since the creation of intelligent creatures,we are no longer the puppets of the creator.For thousands of years,people have been thinking about the nature and the future of ourselves,and reconstruction of the process of life has become the ultimate dream for us.In 1951,William Harvey,a British scientist,elaborated the theory of the structure and function of embryos for the first time in his book'the reproduction of animals',which established the foundation for people to explore the process and the mechanism of embryonic development.