Effect of LaCl_3 on Resistance and Absorptive Capacity to Formaldehyde of Indoor Ornamental Plants under Formaldehyde Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to determine the effect of rare earth biological regulator LaCl3 on the absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants, and to screen out the plant whose absorptive capacity to formaldehyde can be increased most greatly by LaCl3. [Method] Effect of LaCl3 on absorptive capacity to formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was studied through fumigating in laboratory. Simultaneously, the indoor ornamental plant, which could significantly en- hance the degradation capacity of formaldehyde, was screened out to study the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of formaldehyde resistance. [Result] The ability to absorb formaldehyde of four indoor ornamental plants was enhanced by dif- ferent ranges after spraying with LaCl3 at suitable concentrations. The ability to ab- sorb formaldehyde of Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis, Chlorophytum comosum, Scindapsus aureun and Sansevieria trifasciata increased by 15.16%, 4.72%, 19.75% and 7.68%, respectively. In the four indoor ornamental plants, the capacity of S. au- reun to absorb formaldehyde was greatly improved by spraying LaCl3. When S. au- reun was stressed by formaldehyde, its chlorophyll content decreased by 39.87%, membrane permeability, MDA accumulation and POD activity increased by 8.17%, 56.92%, and 11.32%, respectively. However, compared the pre-spraying group with the no-spraying group under formaldehyde stress, chlorophyll content of S. aureun reduced less, membrane permeability and MDA cumulative both increased less, but POD activity increased more. [Conclusion] The formaldehyde absorption capacity of S. aureun was mostly improved after LaCl3 was sprayed.

INTERFACE DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES WITH DUCTILE MATRIX

A cohesive zone model is employed to simulate the fiber/matrix interface damage of composites with ductile matrix. The study is carried out to investigate the dependence of the interface damage and the composite tensile strength on the micro parameters of the composite. These parameters contain fiber packing pattern, fiber volume fraction, and the modulus ratio of the fiber to the matrix. The investigation reveals that though the high fiber vo lume fraction, the high fiber′s modulus and the square fiber packing can supply strong reinforcement to the composite, the interface damage is susceptible in these cases. The tensile strength of the composite is dominated by the interface strength when the interface debonding occurs.

Investigation and analysis on indoor air quality of large commercial office building in summer

To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.

Traditional Chinese Aesthetics and Urban Landscape Design

Landscape designs for modern urban open spaces are studied on the basis of traditional aesthetics, while aesthetic basis and development orientation can be provided for such designs through studies on traditional aesthetics. It is hoped that landscape designs from aesthetic perspective can correct people’s aesthetic attitudes towards the city, transform their habitual aesthetic modes, so as to cultivate new aesthetic tastes.

Internal tides in the northern South China Sea from 20-day in-situ mooring observations in 1998

20-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data are used to investigate the characteristics and energy of the internal tides in the northern South China Sea （NSCS）. The results show that the O1, K1, M2 and S2 constituents of internal tides are energetic and diurnal constituents （O1 and K1） are dominating. In the observational period, the current vectors of these four constituents all rotate clockwise and the maximum semi-major axe of internal tidal ellipses is more than 14 cm/s. The variation of ocean temperature shows that the internal tides present obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and the average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, these internal tides carry high energy and appear to be intermittent. The maximum values of KE （PE） during the observational period are up to 2 （3.5） k J/m^2 for diurnal internal tides, and up to 1 （1.5） k J/m^2 for semidiurnal internal tides.

Efficacy of premedication with activated Dimethicone or N-acetylcysteine in improving visibility during upper endoscopy

AIM:To assess the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and activated Dimethicone in improving endoscopic mucosal visibility.METHODS:A total of 148 patients were randomly allocated into four groups to receive one of the following premedications:group A:100 mL water alone;group B:activated Dimethicone plus water(up to 100 mL);group C:NAC plus water(up to 100 mL);and group D:activated Dimethicone and NAC plus water(up to 100 mL).A single endoscopist blinded to the patients group assessed the gastric mucosal visibility scores(range 1-4) at four sites.The sum of the scores from the four sites was considered as the total mucosal visibility score(TMVS).RESULTS:The patients in group B showed a significantly lower TMVS than those of groups A and C(P < 0.001).The TMVS in patients of group D was significantly lower than that of groups A and C(P < 0.001).The TMVS did not significantly differ between groups B and D(P > 0.05).The difference between TMVS of groups C and A was not significant(P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:Premedication with activated Dimethicone 20 min prior to the upper endoscopy leads to the best visibility.NAC does not improve visualization by itself.

Evolution of globular microstructures during processing of aluminium slurries

Slurry processing experiments were performed with AlSi7Mg0.6 to identify the globularization mechanisms.The melt sample water quenched slightly above the liquidus point is predominantly dendritic while that cooled into the semi-solid temperature range internally via stirring the melt with a rotating cylindrical block of the alloy itself becomes fully globular.The globules are much smaller when internal cooling and stirring are employed longer to achieve higher solid fractions before casting.Coarse dendrite fragments of various sizes are revealed,in the case of stirring after an initial fraction of solid is first formed without the benefit of additional internal cooling.

Efficacy of endoscopic therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding from Dieulafoy’s lesion

AIM： To investigate the endoscopic hemostasis for gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy＇s lesion. METHODS： One hundred and seven patients with gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy＇s lesion were treated with three endoscopic hemostasis methods： aethoxysklerol injection （46 cases）, endoscopic hemoclip hemostasis （31 cases）, and a combination of hemoclip hemostasis with aethoxysklerol injection （30 cases）. RESULTS： The rates of successful hemostasis using the three methods were 71.7% （33/46）, 77.4% （24/31） and 96.7% （29/30）, respectively, with significant differences between the methods （P 〈 0.05）. Among those who had unsuccessful treatment with aethoxysklerol injection, 13 were treated with hemoclip hemostasis and 4 underwent surgical operation; 9 cases were successful in the injection therapy. Among the cases with unsuccessful treatment with hemoclip hemostasis,7 were treated with injection of aethoxysklerol and 3 cases underwent surgical operation; 4 cases were successful in the treatment with hemoclip hemostasis. Only 1 case had unsuccessful treatment with a combined therapy of hemoclip hemostasis and aeth- oxysklerol injection, and surgery was then performed. No serious complications of perforation occurred in the patients whose bleeding was treated with the endoscopic hemostasis, and no releeding was found during a 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION： The combined therapy of hemoclip hemostasis with aethoxysklerol injection is the most effective method for gastrointestinal bleeding due to Dieulafoy＇s lesion.

Cervical inlet patch-optical coherence tomography imaging and clinical significance

AIM:To demonstrate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography(OCT)imaging in differentiating cervical inlet patch(CIP)from normal esophagus,Barrett'sesophagus(BE),normal stomach and duodenum. METHODS:This study was conducted at the Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System(VABHS).Patients undergoing standard esophagogastroduodenoscopy at VABHS,including one patient with CIP,one representative patient with BE and three representative normal subjects were included.White light video endoscopy was performed and endoscopic 3D-OCT images were obtained in each patient using a prototype OCT system.The OCT imaging probe passes through the working channel of the endoscope to enable simultaneous video endoscopy and 3D-OCT examination of the human gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Standard hematoxylin and eosin(H and E)histology was performed on biopsy or endoscopic mucosal resection specimens in order to compare and validate the 3D-OCT data. RESULTS:CIP was observed from a 68-year old male with gastroesophageal reflux disease.The CIP region appeared as a pink circular lesion in the upper esophagus under white light endoscopy.OCT imaging over the CIP region showed columnar epithelium structure,which clearly contrasted the squamous epithelium structure from adjacent normal esophagus.3D-OCT images obtained from other representative patients demonstrated distinctive patterns of the normal esophagus,BE,normal stomach,and normal duodenum bulb.Microstructures,such as squamous epithelium,lamina propria, muscularis mucosa,muscularis propria,esophageal glands,Barrett's glands,gastric mucosa,gastric glands, and intestinal mucosal villi were clearly observed with OCT and matched with H and E histology.These results demonstrated the feasibility of using OCT to evaluate GI tissue morphology in situ and in real-time. CONCLUSION:We demonstrate in situ evaluation of CIP microstructures using 3D-OCT,which may be a useful tool for future diagnosis and follow-up of patients with CIP.

Macro Perspective of Industry 4.0： Factors Affecting Value Creation Modules

Business needs to manage such a variety of things inside the firm or outside the business consistently. This factor affects the business in various ways. The factor which affects the business is clients, suppliers, distributors and so on. These all components are isolated from two sections full-scale environment and miniaturized scale environment. Macro perspective environment components are those external variables which are past the association＇s control. The problem of this study is guaranteeing a supportable evolvement of human presence in its social, ecological, and monetary measurement. So, we have to adapt test in order to outfit toward manageability. As for the method used in this study, it depends on using empirical framework to meet the interest of capital and buyer, in addition to supporting human presence in its social, ecological, monetary measurement. The paper is organised as following sections： first section is the introduction, second section is the literature review, the third section includes the research method, fourth one discusses the analysis, while the conclusion is in the fifth section.

Detecting the Earthquake Excited Spheroidal Free Oscillation of the Earth by Use of Observational Data at Huzhou Seismic Station

By using the digital observations of the pendulum tiltmeter, water tube tiltmeter,extensometer and volumetric strainmeter at Huzhou station and with the power spectrum density estimation method,we acquired the_0S_5-_0S_50 fundamental sphere free oscillations caused by the Japan earthquake on March 11,2011,then compared it with the PREM model. The relative errors are mostly bigger than 1.2‰. The extensometer and volume strainmeter can clearly detect _0S_2,_0S_3and_0S_4,which are closely related to the deep structure and earth's interior.

Extraction of internal wave amplitude from nautical X-Band radar observations

One of the most important parameters for oceanic internal waves (IWs) is their amplitude. We have developed a method to retrieve the IW amplitude from nautical X-Band radar images based on the KdV equation for continuous stratified finite depth system. We have also tested the method of measuring the amplitude of IWs from X-Band radar backscatter image sequences acquired on June 2009 in the northeastern South China Sea. The method was applied in several radar images. Experiments show that the retrieval amplitudes are consistent with the in-situ observational amplitudes of IWs by using the towed thermistor chain and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profile. The uncertainty of the method is also discussed.

Microscopic colitis as a missed cause of chronic diarrhea

AIM: To determine the prevalence of increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, using immunohistochemistry in patients with normal colonoscopy and near normal biopsy. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all non-malignant colon mucosal biopsies between 2005 and 2007, reported as normal, chronic inflammation or melanosis coli in patients who were undergoing routine colonoscopy. Immunohistochemistry using CD3 was performed on all mucosal biopsies and an intraepithelial lymphocyte count (IEL) was determined. Cases with an IEL count of ≥ 20 IELs per 100 surface epithelial cells were correlated with demographic, clinical and follow-up data. A further subgroup was evaluated for lymphocytic colitis.RESULTS: Twenty (8.3%) of 241 cases revealed an IEL count ≥ 20. Six (2.5%) patients were identified as having lymphocytic colitis (P < 0.001), of whom, five were missed on initial evaluation (P = 0.01). Four of these five patients were labeled with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). On follow-up, three of the remaining 20 cases were diagnosed with malignancy (renal cell carcinoma and myelodysplastic syndrome) and one had an unknown primary tumor with multiple liver metastases. Two cases of collagenous colitis with an IEL count < 10 were included in this study. Increased IELs were not confined to patients with diarrhea as a primary presenting symptom, but were also present in patients with abdominal pain (n = 7), constipation (n = 3) and loss of weight (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry using CD3 is of value in identifying and quantifying IELs for the presence of microscopic colitis in patients with diarrheapredominant IBS.

Effects of Different Bagging Treatments on Fruit Quality of Jinlan Pomelo

In order to improve the exterior and interior quality of Jinlan pomelo,the suitable paper bag for Jinlan pomelo were screened through different bagging treatments involving single layer yellow paper bag,double layer yellow paper bag,three layer yellow paper bag,single layer red paper bag,double layer red paper bag,three layer red paper bag and no bagging.The results showed that bagging could increase fruit weight and fruit brightness,promote the coloring of fruit and improve fruit appearance quality.The titratable acid content of fruit decreased and the sugaracid ratio and soluble solid-acid ratio of fruit increased after the treatment of yellow paper bags.Double layer yellow paper bag could significantly increase the VC content,which had better effect on improving the exterior quality and interior quality than other treatments.This study provided reference for selecting the paper bag type for Jinlan pomelo.

Quantum Decoherence of Macroscopic Object Induced by Inner Environments： an Exactly Solvable Model

We revisit the quantum decoherence problem of the center of mass motion of a macroscopic object, which is modelled as a one-dimensional atom chain. Induced by the coupling of the center of mass （C.M） motion with the inner degrees of freedom, this inner-environment-induced decoherence is reflected by the localization of the C.M wave packet. We show that, the C.M motion is coupled to the inner states only when the chain has interaction with the external potential. This result provides a realistic mechanism for the analysis of the inner-environment-induced localization of a macroscopic object.

Reading Borges at Iguazu Falls

An observer at Iguazu Falls tries to make sense of the inexpressible natural wonder through the texts of Jorge Luis Borges＇s essays and poems. Borges＇s paradoxes of time, immortality, and eternity give meaning to the vision, while the natural wonder gives substance to those idealist concepts derived from Berkeley. As a reader of Borges＇s fictions, I yield up my personal identity to an impersonal dreaming consciousness that resembles Berkeley＇s mind as a consciousness sustaining the reality I perceive. Borges writes in his poem ＂Dawning＂ that ＂ideas are not like marble, everlasting, but ever-renewing like a forest or a river＂. The cataracts of Iguazu are both eternal and immortal, eternal in the sense of removing our consciousness of time and confusing past, present, and future in constant repetition, and immortal in the sense of only existing in individual drops of water constantly disappearing and renewing in infinite repetition. The cataracts are perfect emblems of this immortality. The cataracts are time, infinite moments of immortality, moving forward, accelerating, repeating themselves identically, until they achieve a certain eternity, no motion, suspended in time. I am Berkeley＇s Eternal Spirit, the consciousness evoked by Borges in his essay, ＂A New Refutation of Time＂. Distance from the immediate impact of the Falls helps transform fear and horror into sublimity. The closer to the Falls, the more the observer feels fear and anguish at his own insignificance, a fear of annihilation. Aesthetic distance requires an image or word, something that exempts us from immediate contact, and allows us to descend into the whirlpool and come back to the calm surface. The vision evoked in writing and reading fiction is both prior and subsequent to the reading. Our vision of the universe is always inexpressible, a problem of accommodating something overwhelming to the limited schemata we use to grasp existence.

Clinicopathologic Observation of 6 Cases with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathologic characteristics and theprognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder(NECB)in order to assist in making a precise diagnosis and to effectivelytreat the disease.METHODS Clinicopathologic features of the 6 cases with NECBwere analyzed retrospectively.The personal data of the patientsand the pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics ofthe tumor were investigated.The follow-up of these patients wasconducted over a time period ranging from 3 months to 9 years.RESULTS Transurethral resection of the bladder tumorwas performed in all 6 patients.Based on the results of thepathologic examination,4 of the cases were diagnosed as smallcell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the other 2 were diagnosedas atypical carcinoid tumor.On immunohistochemical stainingall tumors expressed neuroendocrine markers includingneuronspecific enolase(CD56),synaptophysin(Syn)andchromogranin(CgA).In patients receiving partial cystectomyfollowed by postoperative chemotherapy,relapse was found in 4of the 6 cases on follow up.CONCLUSION NECB is a rare entity and a tumor with highmalignant potential and characteristic pathologic features.Hematuria is the cardinal symptom of NECB.Metastasis mayoccur at an early stage and the prognosis of the disease is poor.Final diagnosis of NECB depends on histopathologic examinationand immunohistochemical assays.Surgical excision combinedwith radiotherapy and chemotherapy is considered an effectivetreatment.

OBSERVATION OF A SHALLOW WATER INTERNAL OSCILLATION EVENT

At a shallow water station (6 m in depth), an internal oscillation event which consisted of one or two wave-like features, with a period of 3 h and a height of 1.5 m, was observed. The velocities within the water column were modified by the event during the flood phase of the tide; a multi-layered velocity structure and intense shear were generated. Further investigations are required to understand fully the mechanism for the formation of such an event.

Microscopic colitis

Microscopic colitis may be defined as a clinical syndrome, of unknown etiology, consisting of chronic watery diarrhea, with no alterations in the large bowel at the endoscopic and radiologic evaluation. Therefore, a definitive diagnosis is only possible by histological analysis. The epidemiological impact of this disease has become increasingly clear in the last years, with most data coming from Western countries. Microscopic colitis includes two histological subtypes [collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC)] with no differences in clinical presentation and management. Collagenous colitis is characterized by a thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer that is absent in LC. The main feature of LC is an increase of the density of intra-epithelial lymphocytes in the surface epithelium. A number of pathogenetic theories have been proposed over the years, involving the role of luminal agents, autoimmunity, eosinophils, genetics (human leukocyte antigen), biliary acids, infections, alterations of pericryptal fibroblasts, and drug intake; drugs like ticlopidine, carbamazepine or ranitidine are especially associated with the development of LC, while CC is more frequently linked to cimetidine, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and lansoprazole. Microscopic colitis typically presents as chronic or intermittent watery diarrhea, that may be accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss and incontinence. Recent evidence has added new pharmacological options for the treatment of microscopic colitis:the role of steroidal therapy, especially oral budesonide, has gained relevance, as well as immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. The use of anti-tumor necrosis factoragents, infliximab and adalimumab, constitutes a new, interesting tool for the treatment of microscopic colitis, but larger, adequately designed studies are needed to confirm existing data.