Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evol...Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evolution of production organization pattern in strategic emerging industries.Our research indicates that:(1) when market demand maintains linear growth,continuous technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises in leading position of an industry are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(2) when market demand is in cyclical fluctuation,the technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises in catch-up position are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(3) when market demand growth is under cyclical fluctuation,if the relative gap between technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises and technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises remains constant,the phase when industry cycle moves from trough to plateau is the best time window for specialized enterprises to catch up with and overtake vertically integrated enterprises.Hence,policy design supporting the development of strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to factors like market demand environment and technology innovation and learning capabilities of domestic enterprises.展开更多
AIM： In order to characterize the qualitative and quantitative microorganisms in different sites of the lower digestive tract （LDT） in healthy volunteers, a specific technique was developed for collecting mucous of...AIM： In order to characterize the qualitative and quantitative microorganisms in different sites of the lower digestive tract （LDT） in healthy volunteers, a specific technique was developed for collecting mucous of the distal ileum, colon and rectum. METHODS： A polyethylene tube was designed to go through the colonoscope channel with a No. 8 French tube. In order to avoid internal contamination, the distal extremity was protected with a membrane of microfilm after being sterilized in ethilene oxid. To facilitate the aspiration of a precise volume, its interior was coated with silicone. One hundred rnicrolliter （0.1 mL） sample of mucous was collected and transferred into an Eppenddorff tube containing nine hundred rnicrolliter （0.9mL） of VMGA-3 （viable medium of Goteborg）. This procedure was repeated at each site of the LDT with a new sterilized catheter. RESULTS： All sites revealed the ＂non pathogenic＂ anaerobic bacteria Veillonella sp （average 10s colony forming units/mL-CFU/mL）, allowing to conclude an environment of low oxidation-reduction potential （redox） in the LDT. It was also characterized the presence of Klebisiella sp with significant statistical predominance （SSP） in the ileum. Enterobacter sp was found with SSP in the sigrnoid colon, Bacteroides sp non-pigmented （npg） and Ecoli with SSP in the sigrnoid colon and rectum, Enterococcus sp and Lactobacillus sp with SSP in the rectum, all in a mean concentration of 10s CFU/mL CONCLUSION： This procedure is feasible and efficient and can point out a similar distribution of the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with the presence of biological markers of normal microbiota in the LDT.展开更多
Demand for power in Malaysia is projected to double the current demand in 2030. The current fuel mix for power generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This has created energy supply and environmental sustaina...Demand for power in Malaysia is projected to double the current demand in 2030. The current fuel mix for power generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This has created energy supply and environmental sustainability concerns to the industry. Furthermore, at the recent United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009-15th Conference of Parties （COP15）, Malaysia had given the commitment to voluntary reduction of up to 40% in terms of emissions intensity of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels. Renewable energy （RE） provides the best alternative in addressing these issues. In 2001, RE was regarded as the fifth fuel in the new Five Fuel Strategy of the National Energy Policy. Small Renewable Energy Program （SREP） was launched with the main objective of supporting the government＇s strategy to intensify the development of RE as the fifth fuel resource. Biomass, the largest amongst the main RE resources available, can be used for heat and power generation. With optimum utilization, the value ofbiomass resources in Malaysia is estimated to be more than RM 500 billion （USD 156 billion） over the next 20 years. Malaysia has the capacity to use renewable energy resources to address the national energy agenda.展开更多
China's macro economy has remained in a good and stable condition overall,experiencing an annual GDP growth of over 10% for several consecutive years.Under this basic condition, the main focus of the Outlook was C...China's macro economy has remained in a good and stable condition overall,experiencing an annual GDP growth of over 10% for several consecutive years.Under this basic condition, the main focus of the Outlook was China's current grain and oil supply,and the demand market with its probable future prices.展开更多
Recent years, problems of the current college English courses, such as test-oriented teaching, wasteful duplication of language skills teaching, etc., have been criticized by educators and students in China. Thus, tur...Recent years, problems of the current college English courses, such as test-oriented teaching, wasteful duplication of language skills teaching, etc., have been criticized by educators and students in China. Thus, turning skill-based English courses into content-based ESP （English for Special Purposes） courses has become a tendency at colleges and universities in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors influencing the design of such courses through the means of questionnaire, individual interviews, data survey （e.g., educational plans） etc.. We found the following factors throw light on the questions relating to curriculum design of ESP courses： （1） the learners＇ learning needs; （2） the social needs （esp. labor market needs）; and （3） the academic needs from the university. The analysis serves to reveal the gap between the school system and actual social and students needs. With these factors in mind, designers of such courses can adjust goals, contents, approaches, and assessments in the practical teaching. And thus these factors would enable content-based ESP courses to reflect learners＇ needs better and lead to more effective langrage learning in college English teaching field.展开更多
This paper explores, from the perspective of general equilibrium, the relationship between urbanizing migrant workers and increasing domestic demand. Why should China adopt the strategy of relying on domestic demand t...This paper explores, from the perspective of general equilibrium, the relationship between urbanizing migrant workers and increasing domestic demand. Why should China adopt the strategy of relying on domestic demand to develop its economy？ Countering the impact of declining external demand is only a temporary reason for doing so, and the more fundamental reason is the need to change the ＂dual imbalance＂ in today’s economy： the imbalance between internal and external economic arrangements and the industry structural imbalance, as well as the need to take full advantage of the domestic market to achieve the goal of industrialization. The latent consumption demand of migrant workers will be fully released if realistic measures are taken to accelerate the pace of turning migrant workers into urban residents. This will help neutralize the negative impact of reduced external demand, as well as rectifying the structural imbalances in the Chinese economy and upgrading China’s industrialization and urbanization.展开更多
Anti-adhesion is a common phenomenon in living organisms, which is the evolution results to adapt their living surroundings. From the perspective of surface type, there are two typical anti-adhesion mechanisms： micro...Anti-adhesion is a common phenomenon in living organisms, which is the evolution results to adapt their living surroundings. From the perspective of surface type, there are two typical anti-adhesion mechanisms： micro- and nano- surface structures and liquid-covered surface. Many living organisms possess one or two of these anti-adhesion surfac- es in order to achieve superior anti-adhesion, for example, soil animals like mole cricket and earthworm [1]. Carnivo- rous pitcher plant Nepenthes can capture and digest insects to meet the fundamental nutrients needs. When the insects crawl on its slippery peristome, they could easy-sliding into the picher, known as ＂aquaplaning＂. Wong et al. [2] at Harvard University has designed and fabricated slippery surface mimicking this slippery mechanism in Nepenthes, the results of which was published in Nature. However, questions remain about the mechanism underlying its func- tion, especially for the liquid film formation mechanism.展开更多
基金Financial support from Key Program of National Social Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.10AJL008)is gratefully acknowledged
文摘Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evolution of production organization pattern in strategic emerging industries.Our research indicates that:(1) when market demand maintains linear growth,continuous technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises in leading position of an industry are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(2) when market demand is in cyclical fluctuation,the technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises in catch-up position are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(3) when market demand growth is under cyclical fluctuation,if the relative gap between technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises and technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises remains constant,the phase when industry cycle moves from trough to plateau is the best time window for specialized enterprises to catch up with and overtake vertically integrated enterprises.Hence,policy design supporting the development of strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to factors like market demand environment and technology innovation and learning capabilities of domestic enterprises.
文摘AIM： In order to characterize the qualitative and quantitative microorganisms in different sites of the lower digestive tract （LDT） in healthy volunteers, a specific technique was developed for collecting mucous of the distal ileum, colon and rectum. METHODS： A polyethylene tube was designed to go through the colonoscope channel with a No. 8 French tube. In order to avoid internal contamination, the distal extremity was protected with a membrane of microfilm after being sterilized in ethilene oxid. To facilitate the aspiration of a precise volume, its interior was coated with silicone. One hundred rnicrolliter （0.1 mL） sample of mucous was collected and transferred into an Eppenddorff tube containing nine hundred rnicrolliter （0.9mL） of VMGA-3 （viable medium of Goteborg）. This procedure was repeated at each site of the LDT with a new sterilized catheter. RESULTS： All sites revealed the ＂non pathogenic＂ anaerobic bacteria Veillonella sp （average 10s colony forming units/mL-CFU/mL）, allowing to conclude an environment of low oxidation-reduction potential （redox） in the LDT. It was also characterized the presence of Klebisiella sp with significant statistical predominance （SSP） in the ileum. Enterobacter sp was found with SSP in the sigrnoid colon, Bacteroides sp non-pigmented （npg） and Ecoli with SSP in the sigrnoid colon and rectum, Enterococcus sp and Lactobacillus sp with SSP in the rectum, all in a mean concentration of 10s CFU/mL CONCLUSION： This procedure is feasible and efficient and can point out a similar distribution of the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with the presence of biological markers of normal microbiota in the LDT.
文摘Demand for power in Malaysia is projected to double the current demand in 2030. The current fuel mix for power generation is heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This has created energy supply and environmental sustainability concerns to the industry. Furthermore, at the recent United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009-15th Conference of Parties （COP15）, Malaysia had given the commitment to voluntary reduction of up to 40% in terms of emissions intensity of GDP by the year 2020 compared to 2005 levels. Renewable energy （RE） provides the best alternative in addressing these issues. In 2001, RE was regarded as the fifth fuel in the new Five Fuel Strategy of the National Energy Policy. Small Renewable Energy Program （SREP） was launched with the main objective of supporting the government＇s strategy to intensify the development of RE as the fifth fuel resource. Biomass, the largest amongst the main RE resources available, can be used for heat and power generation. With optimum utilization, the value ofbiomass resources in Malaysia is estimated to be more than RM 500 billion （USD 156 billion） over the next 20 years. Malaysia has the capacity to use renewable energy resources to address the national energy agenda.
文摘China's macro economy has remained in a good and stable condition overall,experiencing an annual GDP growth of over 10% for several consecutive years.Under this basic condition, the main focus of the Outlook was China's current grain and oil supply,and the demand market with its probable future prices.
文摘Recent years, problems of the current college English courses, such as test-oriented teaching, wasteful duplication of language skills teaching, etc., have been criticized by educators and students in China. Thus, turning skill-based English courses into content-based ESP （English for Special Purposes） courses has become a tendency at colleges and universities in China. The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors influencing the design of such courses through the means of questionnaire, individual interviews, data survey （e.g., educational plans） etc.. We found the following factors throw light on the questions relating to curriculum design of ESP courses： （1） the learners＇ learning needs; （2） the social needs （esp. labor market needs）; and （3） the academic needs from the university. The analysis serves to reveal the gap between the school system and actual social and students needs. With these factors in mind, designers of such courses can adjust goals, contents, approaches, and assessments in the practical teaching. And thus these factors would enable content-based ESP courses to reflect learners＇ needs better and lead to more effective langrage learning in college English teaching field.
文摘This paper explores, from the perspective of general equilibrium, the relationship between urbanizing migrant workers and increasing domestic demand. Why should China adopt the strategy of relying on domestic demand to develop its economy？ Countering the impact of declining external demand is only a temporary reason for doing so, and the more fundamental reason is the need to change the ＂dual imbalance＂ in today’s economy： the imbalance between internal and external economic arrangements and the industry structural imbalance, as well as the need to take full advantage of the domestic market to achieve the goal of industrialization. The latent consumption demand of migrant workers will be fully released if realistic measures are taken to accelerate the pace of turning migrant workers into urban residents. This will help neutralize the negative impact of reduced external demand, as well as rectifying the structural imbalances in the Chinese economy and upgrading China’s industrialization and urbanization.
文摘Anti-adhesion is a common phenomenon in living organisms, which is the evolution results to adapt their living surroundings. From the perspective of surface type, there are two typical anti-adhesion mechanisms： micro- and nano- surface structures and liquid-covered surface. Many living organisms possess one or two of these anti-adhesion surfac- es in order to achieve superior anti-adhesion, for example, soil animals like mole cricket and earthworm [1]. Carnivo- rous pitcher plant Nepenthes can capture and digest insects to meet the fundamental nutrients needs. When the insects crawl on its slippery peristome, they could easy-sliding into the picher, known as ＂aquaplaning＂. Wong et al. [2] at Harvard University has designed and fabricated slippery surface mimicking this slippery mechanism in Nepenthes, the results of which was published in Nature. However, questions remain about the mechanism underlying its func- tion, especially for the liquid film formation mechanism.
