The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was...The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.展开更多
In this paper we propose a scalable admission control scheme for the QoS sensitivity traffic in DiffServ domains. In our scheme, the ingress touters perform admissibility test in a fully distributed and parallel fashi...In this paper we propose a scalable admission control scheme for the QoS sensitivity traffic in DiffServ domains. In our scheme, the ingress touters perform admissibility test in a fully distributed and parallel fashion for requests based on our resource per-assigning mechanism. Then, we introduce a novel two phase token passing mechanism to adaptively optimize resource per-assigning among contending edge touters in proportion to their traffic. In addition, we adopt a measurement based admission decision-making criterion to gain the benefit of high utilization of statistical multiplexing. Our simulation results indicate that even under very high request load it is possible to perform admission control and resource allocation in parallel without suffering in terms of response time, packet loss rate, or utilization.展开更多
Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very sca...Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme.展开更多
According to news from the website of National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on April 17,Ministry of Finance and NHFPC recently issued Opinions on Further Improving the Input Mechanism in Family Planning,
In the last couple of years, social financing costs have shot up in China despite an overall capital abundance and increasing market-based capital allocation. This paper has investigated overall financial cost and cap...In the last couple of years, social financing costs have shot up in China despite an overall capital abundance and increasing market-based capital allocation. This paper has investigated overall financial cost and capital cost ratio as two measurements of financing cost, compared financing costs of different channels, examined the relationship of risk premium, financial repression, interest rate liberalization, and resource occupation versus financing cost, and addressed the problem of high non-manufacturing cost. On such a basis, specific countermeasures have been proposed. The main conclusion of this paper is： The current high social financing costs primarily result from economic structural imbalance. The fundamental solution lies in continuing structural reform and credibility system development to eliminate barriers in the transmission of capital circulation policies such as expanding equity financing, relaxing market access formalities for small and micro financial institutions, and improving the bankruptcy system to give full play to the ＂survival of the fittest＂ mechanism of the market.展开更多
We consider a single-cell network with a hybrid full-/half-duplex base station. For the practical scenario with N channels, K uplink users, and M downlink users （max{K,M} ≤ N ≤ K ＋ M）, we tackle the issue of user...We consider a single-cell network with a hybrid full-/half-duplex base station. For the practical scenario with N channels, K uplink users, and M downlink users （max{K,M} ≤ N ≤ K ＋ M）, we tackle the issue of user admission and power control to simultaneously maximize the user admission number and minimize the total transmit power when guaranteeing the quality-of-service requirement of individual users. We formulate a 0-1 integer programming problem for the joint-user admission and power allocation problem. Because finding the optimal solution of this problem is NP-hard in general, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed by introducing the novel concept of adding dummy users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves performance similar to that of branch and bound algorithm and significantly outperforms the random pairing algorithm.展开更多
文摘The main challenge in AI governance today is striking a balance between controlling AI dangers and fostering AI innovation.Regulators in a number of nations have progressively extended the regulatory sandbox,which was first implemented in the banking sector,to AI governance in an effort to reduce the conflict between regulation and innovation.The AI regulatory sandbox is a new and feasible route for AI governance in China that not only helps to manage the risks of technology application but also prevents inhibiting AI innovation.It keeps inventors'trial-and-error tolerance space inside the regulatory purview while offering a controlled setting for the development and testing of novel AI that hasn't yet been put on the market.By providing full-cycle governance of AI with the principles of agility and inclusive prudence,the regulatory sandbox offers an alternative to the conventional top-down hard regulation,expost regulation,and tight regulation.However,the current system also has inherent limitations and practical obstacles that need to be overcome by a more rational and effective approach.To achieve its positive impact on AI governance,the AI regulatory sandbox system should build and improve the access and exit mechanism,the coordination mechanism between the sandbox and personal information protection,and the mechanisms of exemption,disclosure,and communication.
文摘In this paper we propose a scalable admission control scheme for the QoS sensitivity traffic in DiffServ domains. In our scheme, the ingress touters perform admissibility test in a fully distributed and parallel fashion for requests based on our resource per-assigning mechanism. Then, we introduce a novel two phase token passing mechanism to adaptively optimize resource per-assigning among contending edge touters in proportion to their traffic. In addition, we adopt a measurement based admission decision-making criterion to gain the benefit of high utilization of statistical multiplexing. Our simulation results indicate that even under very high request load it is possible to perform admission control and resource allocation in parallel without suffering in terms of response time, packet loss rate, or utilization.
文摘Call admission control (CAC) and resource reservation (RR) for mobile communication are two important factors that guarantee system efficiency and quality of service (QoS) required for different services in a very scarce resource as the radio spectrum. A new scheme was proposed which extends the concepts of resource sharing and reservations for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems with a unique feature of soft capacity. Voice and data traffic were considered. The traffic is further classified into handoff and new requests. The reservation thresholds were dynamically adjusted according to the traffic pattern and mobility prediction in order to achieve the maximum channel utilization, while guaranteeing different QoS constraints. The performance of proposed scheme was evaluated using Markov models. New call blocking probability, handoff call dropping probability, and channel utilization were used as benchmarks for the proposed scheme.
文摘According to news from the website of National Health and Family Planning Commission（NHFPC）on April 17,Ministry of Finance and NHFPC recently issued Opinions on Further Improving the Input Mechanism in Family Planning,
文摘In the last couple of years, social financing costs have shot up in China despite an overall capital abundance and increasing market-based capital allocation. This paper has investigated overall financial cost and capital cost ratio as two measurements of financing cost, compared financing costs of different channels, examined the relationship of risk premium, financial repression, interest rate liberalization, and resource occupation versus financing cost, and addressed the problem of high non-manufacturing cost. On such a basis, specific countermeasures have been proposed. The main conclusion of this paper is： The current high social financing costs primarily result from economic structural imbalance. The fundamental solution lies in continuing structural reform and credibility system development to eliminate barriers in the transmission of capital circulation policies such as expanding equity financing, relaxing market access formalities for small and micro financial institutions, and improving the bankruptcy system to give full play to the ＂survival of the fittest＂ mechanism of the market.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61671406)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR15F010001)and the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2017ZX03001002-003)
文摘We consider a single-cell network with a hybrid full-/half-duplex base station. For the practical scenario with N channels, K uplink users, and M downlink users （max{K,M} ≤ N ≤ K ＋ M）, we tackle the issue of user admission and power control to simultaneously maximize the user admission number and minimize the total transmit power when guaranteeing the quality-of-service requirement of individual users. We formulate a 0-1 integer programming problem for the joint-user admission and power allocation problem. Because finding the optimal solution of this problem is NP-hard in general, a low-complexity algorithm is proposed by introducing the novel concept of adding dummy users. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves performance similar to that of branch and bound algorithm and significantly outperforms the random pairing algorithm.
