赣方言与“达”、“伤”、“凌”的训诂

“达”、“伤”、“凌”三字的训诂与赣方言的相互印证,表明在文献不足的情况下,活生生的方言在训诂上是可以有所作为的。

《国殇》“凌余阵”新诠

屈原《国殇》中“凌余阵兮躐余行”的“凌余阵”,古今学者一般是将其解释为“侵犯我们的行阵”。本文不赞同这一传统的解释 ,并通过考察古代文献资料 ,指出“凌余阵”犹言“驰余阵”。

“凌/陵迟”的联绵词化及相关理论问题

“凌/陵迟”成词于先秦,表示“衰落、平缓延伸”等,核心义素是“缓慢、渐渐”,是同义并列式复合词。其常用义不断变化,至辽宋时期成为刑律术语,表示“零割犯人致死”,其他义项逐渐消失。其意义变化的过程也是其不断联绵词化的过程,至元明时代成为联绵词。同时,构成成分“陵、迟”的常用义、字形、构词能产性也几经变化,都对“凌/陵迟”联绵词化有重要影响。联绵词研究应重视发展过程,克服唯古论和唯今论两种倾向。

Induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest by oridonin in human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells

Aim To investigate in vitro apoptosis-induction effects of oridonin on gastric tumor cells BGC-823 and its effects on cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular Ca^2＋ to shed light on the mode of its anticancer action. Methods The MTT method was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of oridonin on BGC-823 cells. The apoptosis-induction effect was evaluated by confocal laser microscopy and flow cytometry. The change of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase of intracellular Ca^2＋ were assessed by fluorescence probe rhodamine123 and Fluo 3-AM, respectively, with flow cytometry. The expression of apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins was studied using western blotting. Results Oridonin inhibited BGC-823 cells growth with IC50 of 22.21 p, mol.L^-1. It induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, it decreased mitochondria membrane potential, increased intracellular Ca^2＋, and activated pro-caspase 3. BGC-823 cells were arrested in G2/M cell cycle phase with lower expression of cyclin A protein. The up-regulation of p53 was observed before apoptosis and cell cycle arrest occurred. Conclusion Oridonin inhibits the proliferation of BGC-823 cells through G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, which is mediated by influx of Ca^2＋, up-regulation of p53, activation of caspase-3, and down-regulation of cyclin A.

朱元璋与明代天文历法

文章梳理了明太祖朱元璋时期的天文历法工作,分析了朱元璋对天文和星占的需求和态度,尤其通过对“日中黑子”现象的担忧和应对,以及引入回回历法,预推月五星凌犯来服务星占等事件,讨论了朱元璋在明代天象观测以及确定“双轨制”历法格局上的贡献,为进一步认识明代初期天文历法的发展提供了新的认识。另外,文章还讨论了朱元璋如何借助天象教育和训导后世子孙,并且将天文渗透到帝国政治运作中等问题。

释“断做”

断做是一个与代说相对的制义修辞范畴。断做从出于对代说之互补,到作为驭题之主体性的呈现;从作为铺叙之对峙,到作为异端或师心自用的“凌躐”,这其间有着逻辑的合理性,有着辩证的变易性。从“断做”这一修辞范畴的内涵与周延及其变异,我们可以看到明清制义的写作成规、修辞乃至审美取向的发展演变。它是明清制义史的一个缩影。

Moving Dynamics of Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil of Maize Field on Meadow Soil of Daling River Valley in Liaoning and Its Fertilization Controlling

The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen（NO3-N）in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river valley in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were discussed in this study by the designing of different kinds of N application methods.The results showed that the content of NO3-N in soil was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer;At the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,the content of NO3-N in soil showed a trend of chemical fertilizerstraw treatmentslow controlled release fertilizer.Based on the requirement of roots in different growth stages to nutrition,the migration directions of NO3-N could be regulated by each layer of soil.In the early growth stage,the NO3-N would move upward,while it moved downward in the late growth stage.Straw returning treatment could improve the keeping ability of soil to NO3-N and avoid the downward migration of NO3-N,as well as reduce the damage of groundwater pollution.The use of slow controlled release fertilizer had achieved the continuing releasing of nutrition.Moreover,the peak of nutrition releasing had been delayed for 30 d,which had met the requirement of nutrient supply in maturing stage.The yield of slow controlled release fertilizer treatment was the highest with the least accumulation of NO3-N and less negative influence on environment.The yield of straw returning treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment was closed to each other.

Inhibitory Effect of Oridonin on the Proliferation of NB4 Cells and Its Mechanism

Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferation e?ect of oridonin on leukemic NB4 cells and its mechanism. Methods: NB4 cells in culture medium in vitro were given di?erent concentrations of oridonin. The inhibitory rate of the cells were measured by MTT assay, cell apoptotic rate was detected by ?ow cytometry(FCM), morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by hoechst 33258 ?uorescence staining , and the activity of telomerase was detected using TRAP-PCR-ELISA before and after apoptosis occurred. Results: Oridonin (over 8 μmol/L) could decrease the telomerase activity, inhibit the growth of NB4 cells and induce apoptosis signi?cantly in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis were observed by hoechst 33258 ?uorescence staining especially after the cells treated by oridonin for 48–60 h. Conclusion: Oridonin could inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of NB4 cells in vitro. One of the mechanisms may be the decrease of the telomerase activity of NB4 cells.

The Inhibitory Effect of Oridonin on the Growth of Fifteen Human Cancer Cell Lines

OBJECTIVE To study the inhibitory effect of oridonin on the growth of cancer cells. METHODS Fifteen human cancer cell lines were subjected to various concentrations of oridonin in culture medium. The inhibitory rate of cell growth was measured by the MTT assay, and compared with a negative control and 5-Fu-positive control. RESULTS The 50% inhibiting concentration （IC50） and maximal inhibition （Imax） of oridonin shown by studying the growth of the cancer cell lines were as follows： leukemias （HL60 cells： 3.9 μg/ml and 73.8%, K562 cells： 4.3 μg/ml and 76.2%）; esophageal cancers（SHEEC cells： 15.4 μg/ml and 99.2%, Eca109 cells： 15.1 μg/ml and 84.6%, TEl cells： 4.0 μg/ml and 70.2%）; gastric cancers （BGC823 cells： 7.6 μg/ml and 98.7%, SGC7901 cells： 12.3 μg/ml and 85.7%）; colon cancers （HT29 cells： 13.6 μg/ml and 97.2%, HCT cells： 14.5 μg/ml and 96.5%）; liver cancers （Bel7402 cells： 15.2 μg/ml and 89.2%, HepG2 cells： 7.1 μg/ml and 88.3%）; pancreatic cancer （PC3 cells： 11.3 μg/ml and 68.4%）; lung cancer （A549 cells： 18.6 μg/ml and 98.0% ）; breast cancer （MCF7 cells： 18.4 μg/ml and 84.7%）; uterine cervix cancer （Hela cells： 13.7 μg/ml and 98.5%）. CONCLUSION Oridonin had a relatively wide anti-tumor spectrum, and a relatively strong inhibitory effect on the growth of the 15 human cancer cells. Inhibitory effects were concentration dependent.

Oridonin induces apoptosis in gastric cancer through Apaf-1,cytochrome c and caspase-3 signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of oridonin on the gastric cancer cell line HGC-27 in vitro.METHODS:The inhibitory effect of oridonin on HGC-27 cells was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay.After treatment with 10 μg/mL oridonin for 24 h and 48 h,the cells were stained with acridine orange/ethidium bromide.The morphologic changes were observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope.DNA fragmen-tation(a hallmark of apoptosis) and lactate dehydrogenase activity were examined using DNA ladder assay and lactate dehydrogenase-release assay.After treated with oridonin(0,1.25,2.5,5 and 10 μg/mL),HGC-27 cells were collected for anexin V-phycoerythrin and 7-amino-actinomycin D double staining and tested by flow cytometric analysis,and oridonin-induced apoptosis in HGC-27 cells was detected.After treatment with oridonin for 24 h,the effects of oridonin on expression of Apaf-1,Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-3 and cytochrome c were also analyzed using reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting.RESULTS:Oridonin significantly inhibited the proliferation of HGC-27 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The inhibition rates of HGC-27 treated with four different concentrations of oridonin for 24 h(1.25,2.5,5 and 10 μg/mL) were 1.78% ± 0.36%,4.96% ± 1.59%,10.35% ± 2.76% and 41.6% ± 4.29%,respectively,which showed a significant difference(P < 0.05).The inhibition rates of HGC-27 treated with oridonin at the four concentrations for 48 h were 14.77% ± 4.21%,21.57% ± 3.75%,30.31% ± 4.91% and 61.19% ± 5.81%,with a significant difference(P < 0.05).The inhibition rates of HGC-27 treated with oridonin for 72 h at the four concentrations were 25.77% ± 4.85%,31.86% ± 3.86%,48.30% ± 4.16% and 81.80% ± 6.72%,with a significant difference(P < 0.05).Cells treated with oridonin showed typical apoptotic features with acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.After treatment with oridonin,the cells became round,shrank,and developed small buds around the nuclear membrane while forming apoptotic bodies.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay showed that after treated with 1.25 μg/mL and 20 μg/mL oridonin for 24 h,LDH release of HGC-27 caused by apoptosis increased from 22.94% ± 3.8% to 52.68% ± 2.4%(P < 0.001).However,the change in the release of LDH caused by necrosis was insignificant,suggesting thatthe major cause of oridonin-induced HGC-27 cell death was apoptosis.Flow cytometric analysis also revealed that oridonin induced significant apoptosis compared with the controls(P < 0.05).And the apoptosis rates of HGC-27 induced by the four different concentrations of oridonin were 5.3% ± 1.02%,12.8% ± 2.53%,28.5% ± 4.23% and 49.6% ± 3.76%,which were in a dose-dependent manner(P < 0.05).After treatment for 24 h,DNA ladder showed that oridonin induced a significant increase in DNA fragmentation in a dosedependent manner.RT-PCR revealed that mRNA expression levels were up-regulated compared with the controls in caspase-3(0.917 ± 0.103 vs 0.357 ± 0.019,P < 0.05),cytochrome c(1.429 ± 0.111 vs 1.002 ± 0.014,P < 0.05),Apaf-1(0.688 ± 0.101 vs 0.242 ± 0.037,P < 0.05) and Bax(0.856 ± 0.101 vs 0.278 ± 0.027,P < 0.05)(P < 0.05),whereas down-regulated in Bcl-2(0.085 ± 0.012 vs 0.175 ± 0.030,P < 0.05).Western blotting analysis also confirmed this result.CONCLUSION:Apoptosis of HGC-27 induced by oridonin may be associated with differential expression of Apaf-1,caspase-3 and cytochrome c,which are highly dependent upon the mitochondrial pathway.

Chemical composition of the essential oil from Rabdosia lophanthoides

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC MS) of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Rabdosia lophanthoides resulted in the identification of 108 compounds representing 78.120% of the oil. Hydro distillation of Rabdosia lophanthoides yielded a pale yellow oil. The compounds identified and their relative proportions are listed in Table 1 according to their order of elution on an HP 5MS capillary column. .

FEATURE EXTRACTION AND RECOGNITION FOR ECHOES OF HRR RADAR

This paper describes a novel target recognition scheme using High Range Resolution (HRR) radar signatures. AutoRegressive (AR) method is used to extract features from HRR radar echoes based on scattering center model of target. The optimal linear transformation based on Euclidian distribution distance criterion is performed on AR model parameter vectors to reduce dimension of feature vectors further and improve the class discrimination capability of feature vectors. The optimization algorithm is designed utilizing the quadratic property of criterion function and Gaussian kernel based Parzen window density function estimator. The concept of Stochastic Information Gradient (SIG) is incorporated into the gradient of cost function to decrease the computational complexity of the algorithm. Simulation results using three real airplanes,data show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Altered gene expression reveals molecular mechanisms underlying oridonin-induced apoptosis of multiple myeloma LP-1 cells

Objective： To investigate the effect of oridonin on proliferation and invasion of human multiple myeloma LP-1 ceils and the underlying mechanism. Methods： LP-1 cells in culture medium in vitro were treated with oridonin at the different concentration Cell proliferation was measured by Microwave Theory and Techniques （MTT） assay and cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry. Morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by transmission electron microscope. Expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, NFqcB as well as I-~B mRNA were detected by real-time PCR. Results： The MTT assays and flow cytometry revealed that oridonin could inhibit the growth of LP-1 cells and cause apoptosis significantly; the suppression was both in time- and dose-dependent manner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis were found under a transmission electron microscope after the cells were treated with oridonin at 25 ~rnol/L for 24 h. Along with the apoptotic process, Bcl-2, Caspase-3,NF-r,.B gene expressions were down-regulated （P〈0.05）. On the contrast, the Bax and I-~zB gene expressions were up-regulated （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Oridonin could inhibit the proliferation of LP-1 cells via inducing apoptosis. We concluded that oridonin induces apoptosis in LP-1 cells via activation of caspase-3 as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax expression. The results suggested that oridonin could induce apoptosis of LP-1 cells through mitochondria- and caspase3-dependent pathways. Meanwhile, the inhibition of NF-r,_B and the activation of I-~B indicate pro-apoptotic stimuli. In one word, oridonin might be an important potential anti-myeloma reagent.

Modern Research Progress of Donglingcao Rabdosiae(Rubescentis Herba)

In recent years,the anti-tumor activity of Donglingeao(Rabdosiae Rubescentis Herba)has received much attention.The diterpenoid rubescensine A as its main anti-cancer active component has anti-tumor,anti-bacterial,anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects.At present,researches on the chemical composition,phar-macological effects and clinical application of Donglingeao(Rabdosiae Rubescentis Herba)have made impor-tant progress.The upstream key enzyme genes have basically been cloned in the biosynthesis pathway of diter-penoids.However,the synthetic route of rubescensine A is not clear,and there are few reports on the cyto-chrome P450 family that regulates the synthesis of rubescensine A.Therefore,it is necessary to further study the key enzyme genes that regulate the synthesis of rubescensine A to provide research basis for the in vitro synthesis of rubescensine A.

冬凌草甲素诱导SHEEC细胞凋亡过程中线粒体和细胞内[Ca^(2+)]浓度的变化

目的:研究冬凌草甲素诱导食管癌细胞凋亡的过程中细胞内[Ca2+]和线粒体结构、功能的变化。方法:采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态;末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法检测细胞凋亡;透射电镜法观察线粒体超微结构改变;罗丹明123荧光探针标记流式细胞仪检测和分析线粒体跨膜电位(△Ψm);激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测定细胞内[Ca2+]浓度。结果:冬凌草甲素剂量和时间依赖性的抑制SHEEC细胞生长;32μg/ml冬凌草甲素作用2h后电镜下BGC-823细胞线粒体增殖,4h后线粒体肿胀空泡化、内部结构消失,8h后细胞核染色质成块状边集,细胞凋亡;冬凌草甲素作用24h后,代表线粒体膜电位的Rho123荧光强度降低;经冬凌草甲素刺激后SHEEC细胞内[Ca2+]水平显著升高。结论:在冬凌草甲素诱导SHEEC细胞凋亡过程中,SHEEC细胞线粒体有明显的形态和功能改变伴随线粒体△Ψm降低,同时SHEEC细胞内[Ca2+]水平显著升高,提示线粒体改变和细胞内[Ca2+]升高可能是冬凌草甲素诱导食管癌细胞凋亡过程的重要环节。

千年的穿越——谈“千古之谜—凌惠平”陈列特色

2002年7月7日,海州双龙汉墓的发现,尤其是西汉不腐女尸的出土,引起了国内外考古工作者乃至普通民众的高度关注。为了让大家共同来探索凌惠平之谜,也为了将双龙汉墓这个重大发现更好地展示给观众,连云港市博物馆于2008年推出了"千古之谜——凌惠平"专题陈列。陈列以汉代古尸"凌惠平"及双龙汉墓出土的文物为主,以本地其它汉墓出土文物为辅,全面展示了连云港汉代时期的风土人情和人们的衣食住行等不同生活侧面,为观众全面了解当时连云港地区社会风貌和汉代人们的精神面貌创造了一个良好契机。

Inhibitory effect of oridonin on proliferation of RPMI8226 cells and the possible underlying mechanism

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of oridonin on proliferation and apoptosis of myeloma RPMI8226cells and to investigate the potential underlying mechanisms.METHODS:RPMI8226 cells were treated with various concentrations of oridonin.Cell proliferation was analyzed using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide method.Ultramicrostructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Annexin-V/PI staining and flow cytometry was performed to determine cell apoptosis.Expression of apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by western blot analysis.RESULTS:Oridonin suppressed the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells and induced apoptosis in a timeand dose-dependent manner.Transmission electron microscopy confirmed apoptotic morphologyupon treatment with 20μmol/L oridonin and western blot revealed decreased expressions of the apoptosis suppressors survivin,Bcl-2 and pro-caspase-3 proteins,and the increased expression of the apoptosis inducer Bax.CONCLUSION:Our results show that oridonin exhibits an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells and induces apoptosis.This is associated with altering the balance between Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions and decreased survivin and pro-caspase-3 expressions.

A Tough Lesson

Schools and families must rein in bullies who are too young to be lessoned by the law On November 23,in a small courtroom in Beijing’s Haidian District,the judge read out the verdict in a campus violence case.The accused,three teens,