资源型城市“减污降碳”协同治理绩效评估

为实现建设美丽中国和碳达峰、碳中和目标,对资源型城市“减污降碳”协同治理进行绩效评估是很有必要的。文章基于全国108个资源型城市2010—2022年的平衡面板数据,构建“减污降碳”协同治理评价指标体系,通过协调发展度模型计算资源型城市“减污降碳”协同治理水平并进行时空分析,进一步利用基尼系数法分析“减污降碳”协同治理区域间差距。研究结果表明,资源型城市的减污、降碳综合测度水平整体随时间推移呈上升趋势,时间上“减污降碳”协调度水平较高但协调发展度水平较低,空间上“减污降碳”协同治理发展水平不高且不均衡。基于此,需注重缩小资源型城市区域间差异,促进“减污降碳”协调发展,进一步提高资源型城市“减污降碳”协同治理水平。

地方政府“减污降碳”协同治理的减排效应研究——基于环境规制策略的调节效应

加强环境污染与温室气体排放的协同治理,是“双碳”目标下实现企业绿色发展的重要手段。以2013—2020年高碳企业为样本,采用多期差分模型考察地方政府环境规制与碳交易制度对企业碳排放的协同治理效应。研究结果显示:在碳排放权交易与环境规制的双重影响下,高碳企业的碳排放量显著下降。调节效应分析显示,地方政府的环境规制策略会导致企业碳排放量增大,而碳交易制度在环境规制策略与企业碳排放量之间起到负向调节作用,碳交易市场机制的建立能够有效缓解环境规制执行中的策略选择缺陷。空间杜宾模型的研究显示,环境规制与碳交易制度的减排作用具有负向的空间相关性,地方政府规制策略对企业碳排放的消极影响具有正向的空间相关性;在这种空间相关性下,碳交易制度的负向溢出效应依然可以纠正地方政府环境规制策略给企业减排带来的不利影响。

环境政策“减污降碳”协同治理效果研究——基于排污费征收视角

本文基于“波特假说”“庇古税”等相关理论,利用2008—2017年中国30个省份的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型考察了环境政策“减污降碳”的协同治理效果。研究表明,环境政策能够起到“减污降碳”协同治理效果并具有滞后性,但对大气污染物和二氧化碳的减排效果存在差异;环境政策能够通过“源头预防”“过程控制”和“末端治理”抑制大气污染物排放,但只能在“源头预防”和“过程控制”中抑制碳排放;当考虑环境政策与低碳政策的混合效果时,发现政策的协同作用并不能进一步减少污染物和二氧化碳排放,相反其加剧了碳排放。

The Policy of Energy Saving,Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction based on the Cause Analysis of“Power Restriction”Event

In recent years,the“power restriction”measures were taken in many localities,industrial electricity consumption was interrupted,mainly in the“two high”(high energy consumption and high pollutant emission)enterprises.Take the“power restriction”event in 2021 as an example,this event affected a wide range of regions and disrupted people’s livelihood.It not only refers to the power switch and rationing measures taken by individual regions,but also includes differentiated policies implemented by over 20 provinces to limit power supply and industrial production.This paper investigated in detail and summarized the different requirements of power restriction across the country,through the comparison of annual growth rates of power generation and industrial added value,the comparison results of energy intensity,electricity production,power consumption and the industrial growth rate in each province are analyzed.Industrial enterprises and related industrial chains were most heavily affected by the“power restriction”event,mainly in steel,cement,electrolytic aluminum,industrial silicon,textile printing and dyeing,chemical fiber,chemical and other enterprises with high energy consumption and high pollutants emission.The measures to limit electricity will affect the normal production of enterprises to a certain extent,leading to not only the decrease of production efficiency,but also the increase of energy consumption and pollutant emission per unit product.Energy management measures such as differentiated electricity price have limited effect on the output of“two high”industrial products,and the economic leverage of differentiated electricity price is gradually being diluted by the price rise of end products.This paper analyzed the reasons and explored several key problems that need special attention.then recommended certain countermeasures for its appropriate application in the future.