从“分形”观看教育的“遗传”

"分形"是混沌学的一个重要分支,它对"自相似性"的发现揭示了任何事物发展中所隐藏的惯性系的存在。教育中亦应存在自相似性,它以特殊的方式使教育成为人类社会的永恒范畴。教育的"遗传"是以教育传统为承载,通过教育三形态之间的内化和外化来实现。

NMR research on deterioration characteristics of microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze-thaw cycles

In order to study the deterioration characteristics of the microscopic structure of sandstones in freeze-thaw cycles, tests of180 freeze-thaw cycles were performed on sandstone specimens. The nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） technique was applied tothe measurement of sandstone specimens and analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging. Then, the fractal theory was employed tocompute the fractal dimension values of pore development of rocks after different freeze-thaw cycles. The results show that the massand porosity of rocks grow with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. According to the NMR T2 distribution of sandstones, the poresizes of rock specimens increase after 180 freeze-thaw cycles, especially that of the medium-sized and small-sized pores. The spatialdistribution of sandstone pores after freeze-thaw cycles has fractal features within certain range, and the fractal dimension ofsandstones tends to increase gradually.

Analytic Expression of Meso-Criterion on Dynamic Fracture

This study presents a meso-criterion of dynamic fracture, on the basis of stress in integral form In such way the difficulty due to the singularity of stress distribution at the crack tip is overcome. A micro-parameter, the atom radius, is introduced into the criterion.Meanwhile a characteristic time concept is taken into account for describing the inertia effect of material. The criterion reveals The criterion reveals the effects of loading rate, defect and sample geometry,material constants including the micro-structure parameter.

Analysis of microscopic pore structures of rocks before and after water absorption

Hydrophilic characteristics of rocks are affected by their microscopic pore structures,which clearly change after water absorption.Water absorption tests and scanning electron microscopic（SEM） experiments on rock samples,located at a site in Tibet,China,were carried out Changes of rock pore structures before and after water absorption were studied with the distribution of pore sizes and fractal characteristics of pores.The results show that surface porosities,fractal dimensions of pores and the complexity of pore structures increased because the number of new small pores produced increased or the original macropore flow channels were expanded after rocks absorbed water.There were points of inflection on their water absorption curves.After water absorption of other rocks,surface porosities and fractal dimensions of pores and complexity of pore structures decreased as the original pore flow channels became filled.Water absorption curves did not change.Surface porosity and the pore fractal dimensions of rocks have good linear relationships before and after water absorption.

Hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of TC4 titanium alloy

The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V （TC4） titanium alloy was investigated in the temperature range from 650℃ to 950℃ with the strain rate ranging from 7.7×10^-4 s^-1 to 7.7×10^-2 s^-1. The hot tension test results indicate that the flow stress decreases with increasing the deformation temperature and increases with increasing the strain rate. XRD analysis result reveals that only deformation temperature affects the phase constitution. The microstructure evolution under different deformation conditions was characterized by TEM observation. For the deformation of TC4 alloy, the work-hardening is dominant at low temperature, while the dynamic recovery and dynamic re-crystallization assisted softening is dominant at high temperature.

The Practice and Analysis of High-rise building Deformation Observation

This article first introduces the basic knowledge of the deformation measurement, discusses the causes and types of building deformation, tasks of deformation observation as well as its contents, methods, principles, process, and describes the main functions and contents of the deformation monitoring. In particular, this thesis describes the building settlement observation specifically and in great detail. It has carried out the analysis and research on the deformation measurement level of the building subsidence, as well as put forward requirements on the benchmark, layout and observation. Then referring to Shen Tie victory home 9 # building settlement measurement data and process, this paper explains the settlement observation level of Shen Tie victory home 9 # building level of choice and observation methods for embedding field bench mark and observation point thus to determine the subsidence and sedimentation rate.

Detecting P2P Botnet by Analyzing Macroscopic Characteristics with Fractal and Information Fusion

Towards the problems of existing detection methods,a novel real-time detection method(DMFIF) based on fractal and information fusion is proposed.It focuses on the intrinsic macroscopic characteristics of network,which reflect not the "unique" abnormalities of P2P botnets but the "common" abnormalities of them.It regards network traffic as the signal,and synthetically considers the macroscopic characteristics of network under different time scales with the fractal theory,including the self-similarity and the local singularity,which don't vary with the topology structures,the protocols and the attack types of P2P botnet.At first detect traffic abnormalities of the above characteristics with the nonparametric CUSUM algorithm,and achieve the final result by fusing the above detection results with the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory.Moreover,the side effect on detecting P2P botnet which web applications generated is considered.The experiments show that DMFIF can detect P2P botnet with a higher degree of precision.

Rank-size Distributions of Chinese Cities: Macro and Micro Patterns

A large number of studies have been conducted to find a better fit for city rank-size distributions in different countries. Many theoretical curves have been proposed, but no consensus has been reached. This study argues for the importance of examining city rank-size distribution across different city size scales. In addition to focusing on macro patterns, this study examines the micro patterns of city rank-size distributions in China. A moving window method is developed to detect rank-size distributions of cities in different sizes incrementally. The results show that micro patterns of the actual city rank-size distributions in China are much more complex than those suggested by the three theoretical distributions examined(Pareto, quadratic, and q-exponential distributions). City size distributions present persistent discontinuities. Large cities are more evenly distributed than small cities and than that predicted by Zipf′s law. In addition, the trend is becoming more pronounced over time. Medium-sized cities became evenly distributed first and then unevenly distributed thereafter. The rank-size distributions of small cities are relatively consistent. While the three theoretical distributions examined in this study all have the ability to detect the overall dynamics of city rank-size distributions, the actual macro distribution may be composed of a combination of the three theoretical distributions.

Gorgeous Transformation Analysis on Influence of Doctors＇ Clothes on Patients

Doctors＇ clothes have bidden farewell to the historical limitation of only being used as the working clothes, which have become an important part of hospital image. In the eyes of patients, the appearance image of doctors is the image which is most concerned by patients. Doctors＇ clothes beauty reflects the inner beauty of doctors in working, giving the patients the warmth and comfort, which is of great importance to both the physical and mental therapy.

New Activity of the Tanlu Fault Zone in the South of Huaihe to the Nvshanhu Segment since the Late Quaternary

Taking the Huaihe to the Nvshanhu segment of the Tanlu( Tancheng-Lujiang) fault zone as the main research target to explore whether there has been new activity since the late Quaternary,and based on the interpretation of remote sensing images and repeated surface investigations,we excavated trenches at the sections where the tectonic landform is significant,identified and recorded the deformation patterns of the fault and analyzed the activity behavior. Samples of new activity and deformation were collected and oriented slices were ground based on the samples ' original state to make the micro structural analysis and demonstration. All of the above research shows very clear linear tectonic geomorphology along the fault,three trenches across the fault zone all revealed new deformation traces since late Quaternary. The latest stratum dislocated by the fault is the late Quaternary and Holocene. The main slip mode is stick slip,as represented typically by fault scarps,wedge accumulation,the faults and the filled cracks and so on. In general,it shows the characteristics of brittle high-speed deformation and belongs to the prehistoric earthquake ruins. The above understanding was confirmed partially by microscopic analysis. In addition,the similarities and differences and the possible reasons for the characteristics of the latest activities of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone in the north and south of the Huaihe River regions are also discussed in this paper.

Spatial Behavior Characteristics of Land Use based on Fractal Theory:Taking Poyang Lake Area as an Example

Landscape morphology can reflect the spatial behavior of land use.Using the Poyang Lake area as an example,the landscape pattern characteristics in 1995,2000,2015,and 2018 are determined by calculating the fractal dimension,fractal stability,patch density,patch shape fragmentation,and landscape isolation,and fractal theory is used to analyze the spatial behavior of land use.The results show that building land was the land use type which consistently had the highest fractal dimension,but the fractal dimension of building land shows a downward trend,indicating that the spatial form of building land gradually developed in an orderly direction under the action of land use spatial behavior.Paddy,dryland,and forested land were the land use types which always had the lowest fractal dimension,and they are in unstable states.The calculation results of patch density,patch shape fragmentation index,and landscape isolation index supported the conclusions of the fractal analysis.One recommendation for realizing the rational layout of the land is to reduce the fractal dimension of building land through scientific and reasonable planning and to guide the orderly development of building land.For natural landscapes such as forested land,shrub forest land,high-coverage grassland,and water area,their fractal dimensions should be increased to reduce human interference and maintain their stability.Finally,the results of this study suggest that the fractal dimension should be introduced into the National Spatial Planning,and used as an index for evaluating the rationality of the regional land use pattern.

Microscopic analysis of spherical to γ-soft shape transitions in Zn isotopes

The rapid transition between spherical and γ-soft shapes in Zn isotopes in the mass A 70 region,is analyzed using excitation spectra and collective wave functions obtained by diagonalization of a five-dimensional Hamiltonian for quadrupole vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom,with parameters determined by constrained self-consistent relativistic mean-field calculations for triaxial shapes.The microscopic potential energy surfaces,together with the characteristic collective observables,illustrate a rapid transition from near spherical shape at the N = 40 subshell,to γ-soft deformed shapes for lighter isotopes.The calculated spectra display fingerprints of a second-order shape phase transition that can be approximately described by the E(5) analytic solution.

Experiment on surface charge distribution of fine sediment

Surface charge distribution of particles is the fundamental problem for adsorption and desorption between sediment and contaminant. In this paper, we take quartz sand for example to measure its micro-morphology and surface charge distribution using the phase mode of the electrical force microscope. Then the statistical relation of micro-morphology and surface charge distribution is obtained. Results show that quartz sand possesses complex surface morphology, which has great impact on the charge distribution. Positive and negative charges mostly concentrate on the saddle, convex and concave parts of the surface, while distribute less in the groove, ridge and flat parts. This experiment provides a new method for understanding the process of flocculation in coastal and estuarine zone.