分类评估:普通高等学校本科教育教学审核评估(2021—2025年)的核心特征

新一轮审核评估方案亮点频出,“分类评估”是其核心特征。“两类四种”评估指标体系是在我国新时代社会经济发展、高等教育体系发展、学生个性化发展和高等教育评估发展进入新阶段背景下提出的新一轮审核评估的核心内容,目的是通过评估使不同高校各安其位,特色发展,争创一流。新一轮审核评估的“分类评估”特点主要体现在具有鲜明导向型、实行柔性分类、坚持持续改进、与国际高等教育评估接轨等方面,它的要素包括培养目标分类、指标体系分类和评估程序分类等。

APPLYING PPE MODEL BASED ON RAGA TO CLASSIFYAND EVALUATE SOIL GRADE

The research of soil classification and soil grade evaluation is often based on fuzzy theory. So, the traditional method has an inevitable problem about weight matrix which given by some experts, and the final result can be influenced by artificial factors. The essentials of fuzzy synthetically judge is to handle the data of high dimension. That is to reducing the dimension number. The weight matrix in fuzzy theory is corresponding to low dimension projection value of each index. But we can′t define whether the weight matrix given by experts is the best projection value or not. So, the authors apply a new technique of falling dimension named projection pursuit to soil study, through using the improved real coding based accelerating genetic algorithm to optimize the projection direction. Thus, it can transfer multi dimension data into one dimension data, through searching for the optimum projection direction to realize the soil classification and its grade evaluation. The method can avoid the artificial disturbance, and acquire preferably effect. Thus, the paper provides a new method to the research of soil classification and grade evaluation.

Research on segregation evaluation methods of asphalt pavement based on air voids distribution

Eye observation was used to evaluate the segregation degree of asphalt pavement, which was not much creditable. To the asphalt pavement, road surface texture measuring method which has appeared recently can identify gradational segregation; but it can’t reflect the influence of the temperature segregation. However, using infrared temperature detector to evaluate the segregation must be taken during paving, which brings much inconvenience. In this paper, measuring the air voids distribution using non-nuclear density gauge to evaluate asphalt pavement segregation was introduced. Result shows that this method can directly reflect the comprehensive results of the two types of segregation in a high efficient and accurate way. Moreover, using the sketch map of segregation area can help to analyze the segregation reason visually.

Magnifying endoscopy in upper gastroenterology for assessing lesions before completing endoscopic removal

Any prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is closely related to the stage of the disease at diagnosis.Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) have been performed as curative treatments for many early-stage GI lesions in recent years.The technologies have been widely accepted in many Asian countries because they are minimally invasive and supply thorough histopathologic evaluation of the specimens.However,before engaging in endoscopic therapy,an accurate diagnosis is a precondition to effecting the complete cure of the underlying malignancy or carcinoma in situ.For the past few years,many new types of endoscopic techniques,including magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (MENBI),have emerged in many countries because these methods provide a strong indication of early lesions and are very useful in determining treatment options before ESD or EMR.However,to date,there is no comparable classification equivalent to "Kudo's Pit Pattern Classification in the colon",for the upper GI,there is still no clear internationally accepted classification system of magnifying endoscopy.Therefore,in order to help unify some viewpoints,here we will review the defining optical imaging characteristics and the current representative classifications of microvascular and microsurface patterns in the upper GI tract under ME-NBI,describe the accurate relationship between them and the pathological diagnosis,and their clinical applications prior to ESD or en bloc EMR.We will also discuss assessing the differentiation and depth of invasion,defying the lateral spread of involvement and targeting biopsy in real time.

Failure to identify an acute exercise effect on executive function assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test

Purpose： Acute exercise has been linked to the facilitation of executive function, but little is known regarding executive function assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test （WCST）. The present research consisted of two experiments aimed to determine whether acute aerobic exercise influences successive WCST performance. Methods： In Study 1, 27 young adults were randomly assigned to the exercise or reading control group and then instiucted to perform the WCST before and after assigned treatment. In exercise group, participants completed a single bout aerobic exercise with moderate intensity for 20 min on a stationary bike. A similar experimental protocol was replicated in Study 2 with 24 late middle-aged adults to look for age differences during adulthood and control for a potential ceiling effect at young adult age. Results： Although a significant time effect was observed in young adults, both studies revealed that there was no main effect for treatment or an interaction between treatment and time on any of the WCST indices. Conclusion： Acute aerobic exercise failed to influence executive function as assessed by the WCST, revealing that this classical neuropsy- chological test tapping executive function may not be sensitive to acute exercise. Our findings suggest that acute exercise does not broadly affect the entire family of executive functions, or its effect on a specific aspect of executive function may be task-dependent, as proposed by Etnier and Chanj~ （2009）.

Development of a Disaggregated Hybrid Model for Life Cycle Assessment and De-manufacturing

The de-manufacturing stage is an overlooked component of most current LCA （life cycle assessment） methodologies. Most of the current LCA techniques do not fully account for the usage of the product and end of life aspects. This paper introduces a comprehensive methodology that takes strong consideration of the inventory costs of use and end of life of the functional unit by combining manufacturing and de-manufacturing into the centerpiece of the hybrid analysis. In order to obtain this goal, a new disaggregated model was developed by enhancing current LCA hybrid methods related to life cycle inventory compilations. The new methodology is also compared to existing methodologies.

Comparison and Effects of Different Climate-Vegetation Models in Areas of Complex Terrain under Climate Change

Identifying the impacts of climate change is important for conservation of ecosystems under climate change, particularly in mountain regions. Holdridge life zone system and Koppen classification provide two effective methods to assess impacts of climate change on ecosystems, as typical climate-vegetation models. Meanwhile, these previous studies are insufficient to assess the complex terrain as well as there are some uncertainties in results while using the given methods. Analysis of the impacts of the prevailing climate conditions in an area on shifts of ecosystems may reduce uncertainties in projecting climate change. In this study, we used different models to depict changes in ecosystems at 1 km × 1 km resolution in Sichuan Province, China during 1961-2010. The results indicate that changes in climate data during the past 50 years were sufficient to cause shifts in the spatial distribution of ecosystems. The trend of shift was from low temperature ecosystems to high temperature ecosystems. Compared with K？ppen classification, the Holdridge system has better adaptation to assess the impacts of climate change on ecosystems in low elevation（0-1000 m）. Moreover, we found that changed areas in ecosystems were easily affected by climate change than unchanged areas by calculating current climate condition.

Evaluation of Mastitis Related Measures ＆ Their Applications to Classify Buffalo Milk in Chitwan, Nepal

A study was performed to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of buffalo mastitis in the District Chitwan, Nepal for characterizing the California mastitis test （CMT）, somatic cell count （SCC）, electrical conductivity （EC） values and bacteriological analysis for defining buffalo milk. The CMT was performed by mixing equal volume of milk and 3% sodium lauryl sulphate. The SCC was determined by staining milk film with New Man’s Lampert Stain and EC values were measured by manual digital mastitis detector and expressed as mS/cm. Bacteriological analysis was done on the basis of Gram’s stain, morphological findings, colony characteristics and biochemical tests. The maximum number （16%） of clinical cases of mastitis was observed in the month of July and lowest in the month of April （1.6%）. When the temperature and humidity increased, it indicates that there is need for better care of lactating buffaloes during this month. On a quarter basis, 16% of the foremilk samples in buffaloes were diagnosed as having subclinical mastitis and 11% were diagnosed as having clinical mastitis. The results of CMT scores and SCC showed the evidence that subclinical and clinical mastitic milk was having CMT positive scores （＋1~＋3） with ≥ 200 × 103 cells/mL. The mean pH of clinically normal buffalo milk was 6.75 （range 6.39 to 7.08） and subclinical mastitic and clinical mastitic milk was 6.85 （range 6.37 to 7.10） and 6.88 （range 6.41 to 7.20）, respectively. Analysis of EC value in the milk revealed the presence of mastitis in buffaloes and the cut-off values was 3.7 mS/cm. The coagulase negative Staphylococcus （CNS）, such as S. albus and S. epidermidis were the predominant organisms associated with subclinical mastitis, and CNS and coliforms in clinical mastitis. This information suggests that environmental mastitis was prevalent in buffaloes of Chitwan District. In this study, 9.5% of the quarters were having bacterial count （BC） more than 250 cfu/mL. The proposed criteria for normal milk are absence of clinical signs, CMT negative, SCC 〈 200 × 10^3 cells/mL, EC 〈 3.7 mS/cm and 〈 250 cfu/mL bacteria. The parameters for defining subclinically mastitic milk are absence of clinical signs, CMT positive, SCC ≥ 200 × 10^3 cells/mL, EC 〉 3.7 mS/cm and 〉 250 cfu/mL bacteria. Similarly, clinical mastitic milk was defined as milk having presence of clinical signs, CMT positive, SCC ≥ 200 × 10^3 cells /mL, EC 〉 3.7 mS/cm and BC 〉 250 cfu/mL.

Assessment of interobserver variation in Garden classification and management of fresh intracapsular femoral neck fracture in adults

Objective： To assess the interobserver agreement on Garden classification of fresh femoral neck fracture and management plan based on anteroposterior （AP） view and also assess if the addition of lateral view changes the classification and management plan. Methods： Ten orthopaedic surgeons were asked to classify 35 femoral neck fractures on AP view only and propose the management plan. Then the same films were reshown in conjunction with their lateral view after 10 days. Results were compared with respect to the classification and management plan between two groups. Interobserver agreement was calculated using Fleiss＇ kappa. Results： There was only a fair interobserver agreement （kappa value 0.39） on Garden classification on AP view only which improved to moderate agreement （kappa value 0.52） after adding a lateral view. While there was only a slight improvement in the interobserver agreement on the management plan on AP view only （kappa value 0.50） and AP combined with lateral views （kappa value 0.52）. Supplementation of the lateral view changed the classification in 15.42% of the cases and altered the management plan in 23.14% of the cases. Conclusion： We conclude that lateral view should be obtained routinely on all patients with suspected femoral neck fracture as it definitely has a role in planning treatment of femoral neck fracture.

An eco-functional classification for environmental flow assessment in the Pearl River Basin in Guangdong, China

River classification has emerged as a major application of environmental science, which can overcome the deficcts of tradition- al methods in focusing on the single objective of maintaining specified, valued features of ecosystems. However, current ef- forts to classify rivers by hydrologic processes may result in a growing temptation to ignore ecological variability across basins Thus, an eco-functional classification is proposed for river management in the Pearl River Basin. This method riews ecological functions as fundamental characteristics of riverine systems and provides a framework for dividing a basin iato eco-specific categories according to the heterogeneity of the primary ecological functions. In addition, we proposed specific environmental flow methodologies corresponding to three typical river reaches of the basin by perceiving the key attributes of flow variability In the upstream region of the West River, flow velocity and wetted perimeter are considered as the key attributes of maintain- ing fish habitat; in a small-sized mountainous tributary of the North river, we choose water surface area to maintain the conti- nuity and biodiversity of the river; while for the aspect of river landscape in the midstream reach of the East R vet, water level is crucial for maintaining the aesthetic value. This research highlights the ecologically relevant heterogeneity that occurs within and among regions of a basin, and is expected to contribute to a simpler and more comprehensive river manage：nent.