20世纪《列子》及张湛注研究述略

东晋玄学家张湛注《列子》以明己意,而《列子》真伪尚存争议。20世纪二三十年代对《列子》真伪争论颇多;至三四十年代以后学者始对《列子》及张湛注进行学理分析。随着魏晋玄学研究的深入,近20年学界对《列子》真伪的探讨涉及方方面面,张湛融通前代玄学及佛教思想的理论亦得到初步梳理。

《列子》撰写时代考——从词汇史角度所作的几点补证

《列子》托名为先秦古籍,实则是晋人的伪作,然而学界从语言史角度提供的证据不多。杨伯峻较早从汉语史的角度为这一观点提供了一些语词证据,其后刘禾、马振亚、张永言等又多有补益。然而《列子》中仍有不少晚汉魏晋时期的词语有待进一步发掘,如"丁壮"、"家累"、"身意"、"稽度"、"消灭"、"邻居"、"两可"、"巧妙"、"乞儿"、"儿童"等。通过发掘这些词语,可以为从语言学角度证明《列子》的撰写时代提供更多的证据,不乏语言学和文献学价值。

Hypergraph regularized multi-view subspace clustering with dual tensor log-determinant

The existing multi-view subspace clustering algorithms based on tensor singular value decomposition(t-SVD)predominantly utilize tensor nuclear norm to explore the intra view correlation between views of the same samples,while neglecting the correlation among the samples within different views.Moreover,the tensor nuclear norm is not fully considered as a convex approximation of the tensor rank function.Treating different singular values equally may result in suboptimal tensor representation.A hypergraph regularized multi-view subspace clustering algorithm with dual tensor log-determinant(HRMSC-DTL)was proposed.The algorithm used subspace learning in each view to learn a specific set of affinity matrices,and introduced a non-convex tensor log-determinant function to replace the tensor nuclear norm to better improve global low-rankness.It also introduced hyper-Laplacian regularization to preserve the local geometric structure embedded in the high-dimensional space.Furthermore,it rotated the original tensor and incorporated a dual tensor mechanism to fully exploit the intra view correlation of the original tensor and the inter view correlation of the rotated tensor.At the same time,an alternating direction of multipliers method(ADMM)was also designed to solve non-convex optimization model.Experimental evaluations on seven widely used datasets,along with comparisons to several state-of-the-art algorithms,demonstrated the superiority and effectiveness of the HRMSC-DTL algorithm in terms of clustering performance.

论《庄子》由仙道入道

战国时期流行于南方的行气派仙道知识，尤其托名“列子”的一系，是《庄子》道家借以向重个体生存、重内心体验转化的重要知识资源。《庄子》学说中“心斋”、“坐忘”的体道功夫论、“全其形生”与“神人”“真人”两种生存境界的追求以及“游”的生存策略等，均是以此为契机发展而来。与仙道不同，《庄子》并不求长生或神通，而是将其修行技术转化为体道、处世的方式，将仙道神话提升为理想生存境界；同时生长于这样知识土壤中，也决定了《庄子》对仙道的超越并不十分彻底。作为一般知识的仙道知识能够经庄子及其后学之手跻身精英思想之列，既有地域文化的偶然性，又是时代思想演变、知识体系更新的大势所趋。

PROGRESS OF GREY SYSTEM MODELS

The progress of grey system models is reviewed, and the general grey numbers, the grey sequence op- erators and several most commonly used grey system models are introduced, such as the absolute degree of grey incidence model, the grey cluster model based on endpoint triangular whitenization functions, the grey cluster model based on center-point triangular whitenization functions, the grey prediction model of the model GM （ 1,1）, and the weighted multi-attribute grey target decision model.

Micro-heterogeneity of Storage Glutelin in Rice Seed

The storage glutelin in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seeds could be separated at least into more than 13 acidic and 19 basic polypeptides by two dimensional electrophoresis. Rice glutelin might be mainly controlled by about six major genes according to the expression of glutelin polypeptides. The acidic polypeptide of glutelin could be clearly separated into two groups by peptide mapping and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. These two groups were just in accord with the GluA and GluB subfamilies exactly.

Isolation and Chromosomal Mapping of a Corn B Chromosome Specific RAPDs

B染色体存在于多种动植物中 ,具有很多独特的性状。B染色体与正常染色体在DNA组成方面十分相似 ,寻找B染色体特异序列一直是B染色体研究的难点和热点。通过对含有和不含有B染色体的两种玉米 (ZeamaysL .)基因组进行了RAPD分析 ,筛选到一个B染色体特异性分子标记B480。该标记与玉米的自主复制起始序列ARS1和ARS2同源 ,特别是该序列中的 2 5bp出现在多种模式生物基因组中。FISH的结果显示 。

Segmental Duplications Are Common in Rice Genome

Segmental duplications on rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosomes 8, 9, 11, and 12 were studied by examining the distributions of sequences resolved by 13 probes detecting multiple copies of DNA sequences. Four of the hybridization bands detected by a repetitive sequence probe, rTRS, were mapped to the ends of all the four chromosomes. Two or three of the bands detected by each of the other 12 probes were also mapped to different chromosomes. The bands detected by the same probe usually occurred in similar locations of different chromosomes. Loci detected by different DNA probes were often similarly arranged on different chromosomes. Chromosomes 8 and 9 showed colinearity of marker loci arrangement indicating a possible common origin. A segment on chromosome 9 was also very similar to the previously reported duplicated fragments on the ends of chromosomes 11 and 12 which were also detected in this study, indicating a likely common origin. Moreover, the various degrees of distributional similarity of the segments suggest a complex relationship among the chromosomes in the evolution of the rice genome. These results support the proposition that chromosome duplication and diversification may be a mechanism for the origin and evolution of the chromosomes in the rice genome.

Isolation and Analysis of Rubber Hevein Gene and Its Promoter Sequence

Hevein, a lectin_like protein, is a major factor of lutoids in the latex of rubber trees ( Hevea brasiliensis Muell._Arg.). This factor is involved in coagulation of the latex and has the ability to bind chitin. The hevein gene with a length of 680 bp was cloned by the method of RT_PCR. Its promoter region with 1 306 bp of this gene was also isolated by genome walking, and its sequence included the typical TATA and CAAT boxes as well as the homologous sequence of abscisic acid (ABA) response elements. Expression of the hevein gene in the latex and leaves was detected by Northern blot. After treatment of the trees with ethylene and ABA, the results showed that the hevein gene was expressed principally in latex, and the expression could be induced by ethylene and ABA.

Discriminant Classification Model of DNA Sequence

[Objective] The research aimed to construct the discriminant classification model of DNA sequence by combining with the biology knowledge and the mathematical method.[Method] According to the polarity nature of side chain radical in the amino acid,the classification information of amino acid which represented the sequence characteristic from the content and array situation of base was extracted from the different sequences that the amino acid content was different.The four-dimension vector was used to represent.Mahalanobis distance and Fisher discriminant methods were used to classify the given sequence.[Result] In the model,the back substitution rates of sample obtained by two kinds of classification methods were both 100%,and the consistent rate of classification was 90%.[Conclusion] In the model,the calculation method was simple,and the accuracy of classification result was higher.It was superior to the discriminant classification model which was only based on the base content.

DNA Molecular Identification of Botanical Origin in Chinese Herb Qingjiao

[Objective] The research aimed to distinguish Chinese herb Qingjiao from its botanical origin plants by comparing different DNA sequences,so as to provide a molecular basis for origin identification and quality evaluation.[Method] The cpDNA psbA-trnH and nrDNA ITS sequences of five Chinese herb Qingjiao plants,including Gentiana macrophylla pall.,Gentiana straminea Maxim.,Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.,Gentiana dahurica Fisch and Gentiana officinalis H.Smith,were amplified with PCR,and then sequenced by direct PCR sequencing method for homologous analysis.[Results] The length of cpDNA psbA-trnH of five plants was 316-318 bp;there were seven different haplotypes and seven variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 21.2%;the phylogenetic clustering showed the same result as haplotype analysis.The length of nrDNA ITS sequence of five plants was 624-625 bp,there were five different haplotypes and 13 variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 59.3%.The result of phylogenetic clustering suggested that G.dahurica and G.straminea,G.macrophylla and G.officinalis clustered together as sister clades,respectively.[Conclusion] The nucleotide differences of nrDNA ITS regions could be used for distinguishing botanical origin in Chinese herb Qingjiao.

DISTRIBUTIONS OF TRIPLET CODONS IN MESSENGER RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURES

Analysis of the secondary structures of mRNAs which encode mature peptides shows that the location of each codon in mRNA secondary structure has a trend, which appears to be in agreement with the conformational property of the corresponding amino acid to some extent. Most of the codons that encode hydrophobic amino acids are located in stable stem regions of mRNA secondary structures, and vice versa, most of the codons that encode hydrophilic amino acids are located in flexible loop regions. This result supports the recent conclusion that there may be the information transfer between the three dimensional structures of mRNA and the encoded protein.

Molecular Identification of Gallibacterium from Hen and Analysis of Its 16S rRNA Gene

Two strains of Gallibacterium, isolated from one laying hen flock in Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, were identified by the morphological observation, genus -specific PCR, and analysis of 16S rRNA gene, which was used to generate the phylogenetic tree, with the 21 members of the 12 genera belonging to Pasteurellaceae to analyze the homology. Two strains were named Yu-ZZ-HL-I-SLG and Yu-ZZ-HL-II-GZ. The comparative result of the 16S rDNA sequence shows that the 2 isolated strains are identical in sequence; the highest identity （99.9%） was observed between the isolated strain and one of the strains of Gallibacterium anatis （AF22.8002）, the homologies between the isolated strain and 3 strains of gallibacterium accessed in NCBI （AF22.8016, Gallibacterium genomosp. 1, AF228017, Gallibacterium genomosp. 2, AF22.8018, Gal- libacterium genomosp. 1 ） were above 97.1%, higher than that of the isolated strain and the other strains of the other 11 genera which were between 90.7% -93.2%. It can be seen from the phylogenetic tree that the 2 isolated strains and the other 4 strain of gallibacterium fell into the same branch, furthermore the 2 isolated strains and the strain of Gallibacterium anatis locate in an internal branch, indicating that the 2 isolated strains belong to Gallibacterium anatis.

BLIND PARAFAC SIGNAL DETECTION FOR UNIFORM CIRCULAR ARRAY WITH POLARIZATION SENSITIVE ANTENNAS

The received signal of the polarization sensitive array is proved to have trilinear model characteristics. The blind parallel factor（PARAFAC） signal detection algorithm for the polarization sensitive array is proposed. The trilinear alternating least square （TALS） algorithm is used to abtain the source matrix, and then the matrix is judged. Simulation results show that the bit error rate （BER） of the detection algorithm is close to that of the non-blind decorrelating method and the algorithm works well under the array error condition. BER difference between the non-blind method and this algorithm is less than 2 dB under a high SNR. The algorithm is blind and robust. The channel fading, the direction of arrive（DOA） imformation and the polarization information are needless in the algorithm.

Sequence and Molecular Evolution Analysis of Ubiquitin Proteins Encoded by Baculoviruses

[Objective] The aim of this study was to analyze the sequence characteristics and molecular evolution of ubiquitins encoded by baculoviruses.[Methods]Clustal W software was used for multiple sequence alignment analysis,and neighbor-joining method（NJ）and maximum parsimony method（MP）were used for the construction of phylogenetic tree.[Results]The baculoviral ubiquitins showed 73%-86% sequence identity to eukaryotic ubiquitin.Two heterogeneous regions of baculoviral ubiquitins were observed：one was the residues from 15-32,the other was located from residues 53 to 60.The else parts were conserved,where many functional amino acids were also observed.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that baculoviral ubiquitins could be divided into three sub-families,including sub-family GV,sub-family I and sub-family II.The molecular evolution of baculoviral ubiquitins might be under negative selection to maintain their functional and structural stability.[Conclusion]The analysis had provided reference for the researches on functional characterization of baculoviral ubiquitins.

Correlation-based subblock partition design for PTS approach

In order to exploit the capability of the peak-to-average power ratio（PAPR）reduction afforded by the partial transmit sequences （PTS）approach in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM）systems, subblock partition schemes for the PTS approach are studied. The motivation is to establish the relationship between the subblock partition and the capability of PAPR reduction through the periodic autocorrelation functions （ACFs）of partial transmit sequences and the periodic cross-correlation functions（CCFs）of signal candidates.Let Q represent the variation of the square magnitudes of ACFs.It is found that the lower the Q-value is, the better PAPR performance can be achieved, which is introduced as a design criterion for subblock partition.Based on this criterion, four common partition methods are compared and an efficient partition strategy is proposed. It is shown that structured partition schemes with low computational complexity have a large Q-value, leading to a poor PAPR performance.The new strategy can be regarded as a trade-off between PAPR performance and computational complexity.The simulation results show that the strategy can achieve an optimal performance with a relatively low complexity and, moreover,does not increase the amount of side information.

High-Responsivity ZnS Schottky Barrier Photodiode Array for Ultraviolet Imaging

A different approach,using the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-grown ZnS-based Schottky photodiode technology,is applied to fabricate an 8×8 photodiode array.The micro-processing procedures of this photodiode array including standard photolithography,a number of metallisation,wet-chemical etching and SiO_2 deposition for insulation are developed.The detector is characterized to have a cutoff wavelength at 340 nm and the photo-responsivity measurements on the pixels result an ultraviolet (UV) response as high as 0.15 A/W,corresponding to an external quantum efficiency of 55% in the visible-blind spectral ranging from 400 down to 250nm.Imaging tests indicate that this array is able to capture the intensity profile of a given UV light source with reasonably good capability.

Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellites in Snap Bean

The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize microsatellites from a heat tolerant variety of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in order to generate polymorphic genetic markers linked to quantitative trait loci for heat tolerance. A genomic library contained 400-800 bp inserts was constructed and screened for the presence of (GA/CT) n and (CA/GT) n repeats. The proportion of positive clones yielded estimated of 3.72×10 4 such dinucleotide repeats per genome, roughly comparable to the abundance reported in other eukaryotic genomes. Twenty_six positive clones were sequenced. In contrast to mammalian genomes, the (GA/CT) n motif was much more abundant than the (CA/GT) n motif in these clones. The (GA/CT) n repeats also showed longer average repeat length (mean n =10.4 versus 6.5), suggesting that they are better candidates for yielding polymorphic genetic markers in the snap bean genome.

Characteristic atom sequences of Nb-Mo alloys system in BCC structure and properties of disordered alloys

Comprehensively considering energy, volume and electronic structure of alloys, the ninth equation was determined as the interaction function of Nb-Mo alloys system in BCC structure on the basis of idea of systematic science of alloys, experimental lattice constants and heats of formation of disordered Nb（1-x）Mox alloys. The structural parameters and properties of Nb and Mo characteristic atoms sequences and corresponding characteristic crystals sequences were determined in Nb-Mo alloys system. The electronic structure and physical properties of disordered Nb（1-x）Mox alloys system were calculated according to concentration of characteristic atoms of disordered alloys. The change trend of physical properties is the same as that of electronic structure.

Sequence Analysis of Transcription Factor AtWRKY35 and Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector

As members of a super gene family, WRKY transcription factors are widely distributed in higher plants. ln this study, bioinformatic analysis of WRKY35, a member of the WRKY gene family, was carried out. Results indicated that tran-scription factor WRKY35 harbors a WRKYGQK core domain and a Cys2His2 or Cys2His/Cys zinc finger in the 5’ end without transmembrane domain. After PCR amplification and restriction digestion, WRKY35 gene fragment was ligated to prokaryotic expression vector PET28. This study provided basis for expression anal-ysis of WRKY35 protein and subsequent functional identification of WRKY35 gene.