中小企业技术创新“制度创新途径”研究——以南通市为案例的分析

中小企业在政府经济政策操作中的权重很低,对政府决策的影响力甚微,因此,制订促进中小企业技术创新的制度环境和条件便十分关键。“制度创新途径”是中小企业技术创新的有效方式。中等城市地方创新体系建设,特别是企业技术创新能力的明显提高,必须以中小企业技术创新能力为突破口。本文结合发达国家和我国发达地区中小企业技术创新的制度创新经验,对南通市中小企业技术创新“制度创新途径”进行了比较系统的分析和研究,进而为南通市中小企业技术创新途径选择和完善、为地方创新体系建设的政策设计和政策操作提供了一个分析方法。

从美学革命到制度创新--中国电影改革开放30年回顾与考察

“美学革命”和“制度创新”是30年来中国电影已经完成或正在开展的两大基本任务,二者在本质上互为因果,相辅相成。电影美学面貌的进步,必须依靠电影体制及运行机制上的不断改革与调整;而一项改革措施成败与否,最终还是要看它是否能够促进电影艺术创作质量的提高。“美学革命”必须与“制度改革”联系起来,否则便容易导致产业资源的无谓消耗而干扰乃至阻挠电影产业的进一步发展,这一点在过去30年的电影发展上是反复被实践证明了的一条铁律。

我国民营经济发展的制度环境创新研究

发展民营经济是我国现代化建设的重要战略之一，民营经济的发展不仅能促进国有经济的改革，也是我国经济新的增长点。从制度经济学角度来研究民营经济发展环境的优化创新，进一步加快我国经济结构调整，更大程度地激发民营经济的活力，使民营经济成为我国未来国民经济发展的稳定动力，完善社会主义市场经济体制的直接参与者和积极推动者，具有非常重要的现实意义和发展意义。

市场内部化——国企改革的补充对策

改革开放20余年来,我国经济体制改革取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。国有企业改革也已从过去简单的“放权让利转变到了“制度创新上来了,如变国有为民营、寻求兼并收购、靠大联强等。然而,国有企业改革不是一卖了之。本文在对当前国企改革进行分析和评述的同时,提出“市场内部化”的国企改革补充对策。

当今时代的特征决定着人文社会科学的地位和作用

当今时代是知识经济的时代。作为当今时代最重要的战略资源的“知识”。不仅仅是指自然科学技术知识。也包括人文社会科学知识。知识的创新、转化需要的“制度创新”来提供制度保障，由人文社会科学知识提供的制度创新能力，对经济的发展也具有直接的重要意义。

Patterns and Experience of China's Four Decades of Opening-Up

China＇s four decades of opening-up coincided with the trend of the world economy, and contributed to its own economic development. With a gradualist approach, China achieved opening-up without causing economic and social repercussions, and unleashed institutional dividends that facilitated its reform and development. This approach has breathed lasting momentum and vitality into China＇s economic growth and structural transition, and improved China＇s industrial competitiveness and status in the international division of labor. As a basic national strategy and one of the country＇s five development concepts, opening-up is essential for China to pursue peaceful development and stand proudly in the family of nations. Facing new changes in domestic and international environments in the new era, particularly increasing competition among major countries such as China and the United States, China should proactively explore a new model of opening-up, refocus opening-up from policy supply to capacity building, and form a new pattern of opening-up on all fronts for high-quality economic development.

Overcoming Contradictions Between Growth and Sustainability:Institutional Innovation in the BRICS

The recent accelerated growth rates or efforts to emulate countries that have achieved a rapid pace of economic growth are widely acclaimed as means to uplift millions from poverty. In so doing, however, this rapid economic growth is most likely to coincide with unsustainable levels of consumption, place excessive pressure on life support systems and terrestrial sinks and foreshorten options for the future. Rather than pursuing the "Environmental Kuznets Curve"(EKC) hypothesis that higher income will bring with it the means to reduce the impacts of greater consumption, ecological economists assert that buying our way out of future scarcity with fast growth is indeed contradictory with sustainabil- ity. To better understand these contradictions and explore potential institutional innovations that may enable developing nations to better confront them (in effect,"tunneling under"the EKC), this article refers to recent experience in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Beginning with a brief comparative summary of major development and environmental indicators, pressures on resources and society in each of the BRICS are discussed, followed by identification of institutional and policy frameworks each country has evolved to confront the challenges of growth and sustainability. The article closes with general conclusions for further research and information sharing among developing nations.

Environmental Capital,Negative Externality and Carbon Finance Innovation

In the context of global climate change,the internalization of negative externality,which is brought about by the traditional mode of economic growth,has become an inevitable choice.In order to achieve the internalization,it is necessary to make innovations on the market mechanism and system,find the value of environmental capital,establish a new mode of economic growth based on environmental capital,and then transform the environmental capital,an exogenous factor of economic growth,into an endogenous factor.Of this,the key of market mechanism and system innovation is the financial innovation that is based on environmental capital and negative externality;the government defines the initial property right of environmental resources and establishes environment energy trading market,so as to guide enterprises to trade environmental resources(represented by carbon emission permit trading) based on the Clean Development Mechanism,and to vigorously develop environmental finance and carbon finance.

Research on Institutional Innovation of Non-public Forestry

This article analyzes the form and the mechanism of non-public forestry＇s institution obstacles by classical economies, institution economics＇, legal economics and economic theories of modern forestry. Regarding the proprietary institution as the core, and cost-income as the main clewf-it defines the concept and eategory, of non-public forestry subsidy and compensation. And oecorrling to the relased control and efficiency principle of market econonf-this paper establishes a set of institution that accords with the development of non-public forestry, offers both theoretical supports and decision- making references to remove institution obstacles of nan-public forestry, and coordinates the policies of non-public forestry with those of the public-owned forestry.

An Institutional Innovation for Agricultural Technology Adaptation and Adoption： Rice in West and Central Africa

This paper traces the origins and achievements of the R^seau Ouest et Centre Africain du Riz--ROCARIZ （West and Central Africa Rice Research and Development Network）. The ROCARIZ institutional arrangement showed that rice science is approached from multi-stakeholder perspectives that place end users and entrepreneurs at the center of research for development, and collaboration among rice-based stakeholders can be enhanced and sustained. The ROCARIZ used competitive research grants through multi-stakeholder task forces to generate, adapt, and facilitate the adoption of rice-based technologies and approaches by resource poor households. The grants contributed to： （1） farmer adoption of high yielding and multiple stress resilient lowland NERICAs （New Rices for Africa） （NERICA-L）; （2） producer access to credit and services resulting in increased marketing of quality seed rice, paddy, and grain rice by farmer entrepreneurs and poor rural households; （3） improved skills of stakeholders on the use of impact assessment tools to demonstrate adoption of rice-based technologies; （4） enhanced skills of rice breeders in molecular assisted marker selection to shorten the varietal development process; and （S） experiential learning and sharing to improve access to information and knowledge.

The practice of project construction and management of Three Gorges ship lock

The double-line five-step ship-lock of Three Gorges Project (TGP) is an extra-large navigation structure with the maximum design total head and single-step delivery head in the world and complicated technical problems.The shiplock is a challenging and world-class project integrating the advanced techniques and equipment,the up-to-date technologies and materials,as well as the advanced project management.Through 17-year construction and 9-year operation of the ship-lock,various difficulties in design,construction,equipment manufacturing and installation as well as system debugging have been overcome effectively.The project management ideas,management system,management methods,technological innovation and team building are summarized according to the management practice of the second stage main work of Three Gorges ship-lock.

Seismic behavior and mechanism analysis of innovative precast shear wall involving vertical joints

To study the seismic performance and load-transferring mechanism of an innovative precast shear wall(IPSW) involving vertical joints, an experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were successively conducted on two test walls. The test results confirm the feasibility of the novel joints as well as the favorable seismic performance of the walls, even though certain optimization measures should be taken to improve the ductility. The load-transferring mechanism subsequently is theoretically investigated based on the experimental study. The theoretical results show the load-transferring route of the novel joints is concise and definite. During the elastic stage, the vertical shear stress in the connecting steel frame(CSF) distributes uniformly; and each high-strength bolt(HSB)primarily delivers vertical shear force. However, the stress in the CSF redistributes when the walls develop into the elastic-plastic stage. At the ultimate state, the vertical shear stress and horizontal normal stress in the CSF distribute linearly; and the HSBs at both ends of the CSF transfer the maximum shear forces.

On the mechanism of coal mine safety monitor based on game analysis

Analyzed the monitor results under current systems concerning game and then pointed out that a way-out to improve chinese coal mine production safety control is to implement system innovation and punish the monitor＇s lazy behaviors strictly.

Module Diagnostic-Training System An Innovative Solution for Diagnosis and Assessment of Cognitive Processes

The development of cognitive competences for police officers and other officers of the uniformed services is crucial The Police Academy in Szczytno （Poland） developed--as part of a research and development project （2013-2015）---an innovative diagnostic system for training that allows automated assessment of the current fitness level of cognitive functions and their online training. The system consists of three interconnected modules： diagnostic module, training module, and knowledge base. It is a fully functional online platform. Various forms of cognitive training in the form of games have been proposed. The system includes a component in the form of a psychophysiological recorder, which is intended for the training of coping with stress. The innovativeness of this diagnostic training system involves the use of information systems to stimulate the cognitive competence of officers by designing exercises in the form of computer games and to permit to verify their current mental shapes. It is assumed that this solution will develop the personal skills of officers and positively affect their operational readiness. Extending the area of application of this diagnostic training module by other functionalities can contribute to improving the effectiveness and safety of work, especially in occupational groups performing tasks requiring special cognitive and psychomotor predispositions.

Reviews of the research on water resources management system at home and abroad

The reform of the system of water resource management abroad has started since the 50s of last century, it has left us a lot of experiences in many aspects with the innovation of system, such as the legal environment in water resources, water rights, water market theory, and the ＂participation＂ management of water resources, these experiences has been promoted in more than 40 developing countries. Based on analyzing the theory and experiences of water resources management both at home and abroad, especially the theory and experiences of agricultural water resources management, this paper puts forward the main problems waiting for further investigation in China＇s water resources management and provides some reference and inspiration for the innovation of the system of water resource management in China.

Estonian Taxation System and Innovation

The economic crisis of the last three years, which has hit the world, especially the Baltic States together with their ultraliberal way of economy, has forced to look for solutions to overcome the depression. A low level of taxation, the policy of＂thin state policy＂ and a small share of public sector have influenced the macroeconomics of Estonia since its re-independence. The indirect taxes, especially the consumption taxes, are dominating in Estonian taxation system. The increase of tax burden a little more than 2% in 2009 through the increase of value added tax （VAT） and excises, and the pruning of income taxation benefits did not enlarge state budget in the same amount. The pruning of budget did not just decrease the internal market of the state very rapidly, but also decrease the incomes of the future periods, due to a big dominant of consumption taxes. The economic depression, which began in 2008, has demonstrated a week orientation of Estonian economy, threaten its taxation system on innovation. The amount of investments has essentially decreased than the decrease of GDP and state budget.

The Demand Investigation and Suggestions of the Supply System of Preschool Education in Western Areas of China

Nowadays, preschool education has become the weak part of eduction. Thus, the supply system of preschool education has been heatedly discussed accordingly.This thesis makes some suggestions for the supply system innovation of preschool education in western areas, based on the sampling surveys in Yibin.

On the Investmem System Innovation of Agriculture Industrialization In Anhui Province

In this paper draw on the innovative concept of investment in the system of agriculture industrialization, examines the status of the industrialization of agriculture in Anhui Province, the industrialization of agriculture investment regime status quo, elaborated on the meaning of investment regimes investment system innovation on innovation and industrialization of agriculture, Anhui should be investment in the industrialization of agriculture system innovation, and promote the development of Anhui Province, rural and agricultural industrialization, specification and guidance, as well as the establishment and improvement investment regime; focuses on the innovative design of the investment regime of the industrialization of agriculture in Anhui Province.

Research and Design of the Adaptive Evaluation System Based on the IRT Theory

This paper, on the basis of the author realizing the skill evaluation system based on real environment, discusses several commonly used parameter estimation methods based on item response theory （ IRT ） and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each estimation method and their respective application fields. Also, it expounds the research theory and design process of skill adaptive evaluation system based on real environment and the innovation of the system.

Innovation of concept and system of economic law based on the sustainable development

Make up for deficiencies in the economic development of market mechanisms through macro-control method. Although the market plays a fundamental role in resource allocation, in other means of regulation it plays an irreplaceable role in regulating the economy, the management of economic activities. However, by the market ＂invisible hand＂ spontaneous adjustment, there is ＂market failure＂ problem. Market self-regulation mechanisms inevitable cyclical economic fluctuations and economic crisis, the impact of a sustained and stable economic growth will lead to a waste of resources, environmental degradation is caused, but also it produces uneven regional development, causing social polarization between rich and poor, etc. Public goods such as ecological environment should be through legal means, rather than a means to implement the healthy development of the market environment.