如何“功利”地学习音乐?

大多数培养孩子学琴的家长在初衷上,并不是培养未来的音乐家,而是以培养兴趣为主,希望孩子能够坚持学琴,提高音乐素质。在辛苦学习的过程中,如何通过兴趣爱好的学习为孩子的将来的学习、工作带来更大的益处,就需要重视音乐能力的培养,“功利”不是证书,而是切实可行将来可用的无限能力。

论司马光“功利”思想——以《资治通鉴》的编撰为例

《资治通鉴》是我国历史上第一部编年体通史,由宋代史学家司马光编纂,其内容以政治、军事和民族关系为主,兼及历史人物评价。笔者认为《资治通鉴》的编撰贯穿了司马光的"功利"思想。本文追述《资治通鉴》编撰的时代背景、儒家笔法、总体原则等方面来讨论司马光的"功利"思想。

拒绝功利语文,做好语文教师

＂功利语文＂严重危害语文教学,形形语文老师,应该拒绝＂功利语文＂,做到语文备考与语文教学有机结合起来,需要在语文教学中高度重视三个＂统一＂,即＂思维能力与语言能力的统一＂＂共性要求与个性需求的统一＂＂知识积淀与基本能力的统一＂,力求在提升学生语文素养的基础上,水到渠成地使他们获得语文考试的优秀成绩.

企业伦理缺位分析

我国对企业的伦理问题还没引起足够的重视,致使企业伦理严重缺位。诚信危机、信用危机、信任危机、环境污染、偷税漏税等等,充斥着经济活动的各个领域和各个环节;虚假广告、假冒伪劣、以次充好、坑害顾客、欺骗消费者……成了企业获取利润的重要手段。这些伦理问题的存在,不仅影响了企业自身经济的长期发展,也影响了整个国民经济健康、稳定增长。

“美为人而存在”:鲁迅“立人”文艺观论析

21世纪的鲁迅研究应当致力于鲁迅整体价值观念和精神框架的建构而非解构,"立人"作为一条明晰的思想脉络贯穿其全部著述及文学活动,是鲁迅思想的核心,也成为他的基本价值尺度,成其始终不渝的理想乃至信仰;唯有承认"立人"的本质性意义,才能合理地解释其文艺思想强烈的现实性。其人本主义的文学起源观与创作观、超越"功利—非功利"界限的文学功能论以及"不用之用"的批评实践特色,从本质、效果、方法3个维度构成了鲁迅的"立人"文艺观。

Assessment of Direct Eco-value of Liangzi Lake

[Obective] This study amied to evaluate the direct usage value of Liangzi Lake, like plants and animal resources and water storage value. [Method] It was measured through the market value method. The physical environment was introduced and the productivity of the lake was investigated both through the literature materials and the investigations. The market value method was clarified in this paper as well as its operation process and the application fields. [Result] Based on the introduction of the current situation in Liangzi Lake, the direct usage value was estimated as 1.32 billion Yuan/year. Plant resources value was 318 million Yuan/year; animal resources value was 675 million Yuan/year; and water storage value was 325 million Yuan/year for the three parts. [Conclusion] This paper will attract more attention to the emphasis of the reasonable development of nature sources.

Dilemmas in end-stage heart failure

Heart failure （HF）, a complex clinical syndrome due to structural or functional disorder of the heart, is a major global health issue, with a prevalence of over 5.8 million in the USA alone, and over 23 million worldwide. As a leading cause of hospitalizations among patients aged 65 years or older, HF is a major consumer of healthcare resources, creating a substantial strain on the healthcare system. This paper discusses the epidemiology of HF, financial impact, and multifaceted predicaments in end-stage HF care. A search was conducted on the U.S National Library of Medicine website （www.pubmed.gov） using keywords such as end-stage heart failure, palliative care, ethical dilemmas. Despite the poor prognosis of HF （worse than that for many cancers）, many HF patients, caregivers, and clinicians are unaware of the poor prognosis. In addition, the unpredictable clinical trajectory of HF complicates the planning of end-of-life care, such as palliative care and hospice, leading to underutilization of such resources. In conclusion, ethical dilemmas in end-stage HF are numerous, embroiling not only the patient, but also the caregiver, healthcare team, and society.

论风险投资与经济增长

风险投资促进了美国等许多发达国家的高新技术产业及整个国民经济的发展。风险投资改变了劳动—技术—科学互相作用关系 ,形成了科学—技术—生产的划时代变序。要发挥风险投资的作用 ,必须把握风险投资的“功利链”。

An estimation approach for dividable multiattribute utility of housing via questionnaires of consumers’ ordinal multicriteria preferences

Compared with ordinary commercial products, housing has many special characteristics including the multi-function characteristic. How to evaluate the multi-functional nature of housing is very useful in both theory and in application, yet it is often ignored in China. This paper introduces an approach to estimate the multicriteria function of housing using multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) based on consumers’ ordinal multicriteria preferences as determined via questionnaires. When compared with the classic framework in which MAUT is applied, this approach needs less prior information and subjective comparisons and thus can allay many of the operational difficulties involved in assessment. Some potential applications to the China housing market are also discussed.

An Utilitarianist Reading of Criminal Law

Utilitarianism is the branch of philosophy that studies the usefulness of an idea. Among the possible gains and losses, the balance must be positive to reach the intended utility. Criminal law is the most repressive branch of legal system and therefore should be applied sparingly by the state. Its usefulness should be the protection of legal interests and minimal restriction of personal liberty. The lawmaker should seek the best way to achieve this utility with the choice of the most relevant legal interests and less repressive means before appealing to the criminal law. The legal interests protected by criminal law must be the most important ones for a social life in harmony and prohibited behaviors must be injurious or dangerous to those legal interests. The Rule of Law does not authorize criminal prohibitions without a minimum limit that allows citizens to behave according to their wishes, provided that does not harm the interests of other people. This is the calculation that legislator, judge, and interpreter should seek： more protection and less restriction to citizens.

“消极型”的“教师参训”亟待消除

教育成败得失的关键在于教师的专业素养,教师只有具备高度的专业素养、对职业的虔诚信仰,以及拥有对生命的澎湃激情,才能最终有对教育品质提升的保证。培训是提升教师专业素养的有效途径,培训是否有真正的效果,主要来自接受者——教师的态度和观念,因此,要想让培训真正落地生根、产生实效,需要消除“消极型”的教师“参训”。

单位制转型背景下的“人伦型”与“功利型”师徒关系

师徒关系作为工业生产过程中至关重要的人际关系,是研究当代中国社会关系与组织关系的重要切入点。本文通过在山东省Q市H国企进行的田野调查,发现随着市场化进程的不断深化,“人伦型”与“功利型”两种师徒关系类型相继出现。单位制长期互助合作体系与市场化短期分利竞争体系分别构成了两种不同的组织结构背景,在此基础之上,长期交往预期与短期交往预期是形成两种师徒关系的核心机制。与之相较,传统行会主导的“宗法式”师徒关系具有阶段性授艺及共同家庭生活的家庭主义背景,而师徒也面临着三年左右徒弟出师之后彼此市场竞争的潜在预期,由此师徒关系在授业期间常常会同时具有“人伦型”与“功利型”的混合面相。

Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Disturbance of Land Use Change on Major Ecosystem Function Zones in China

In recent years, because of increasing human activities, ecosystems have been substantially disturbed and their service functions have been greatly compromised. Based on the effect of land use changes on the major ecosystem services, we estimated the ecosystem comprehensive anthropogenic disturbance index(ECADI) and analyzed the spatio-temporal characteristics of changes in the ECADI in China from 1990 to 2010. The average ECADI of the major ecosystem function zones in China in 2010 is approximately 0.382. The ECADI of Northeast China and North China is slightly higher than that of Northwest China and Southwest China. Most zones have slight changes in the ECADI. The average increases of ECADI in the major ecosystem function zones in China from 1990 to 2000 and from 2000 to 2010 are 0.0024 and 0.0002, respectively. The increase is mainly due to reclamation and urbanization, whereas the decrease is due to the implementation of ecosystem protection policies. During the last 20 years, the ECADI of water resources conservation zones increased first, and then stopped. The ECADI of soil conservation zones increased first, and then declined. The ECADI of sandstorm prevention zones, biodiversity conservation zones and flooding mitigation zones increased continuously. Our results may provide proposals to the government regarding land use planning and ecosystem protection plans in the major ecosystem zones. The major ecosystem function zones in the western part of China have been protected effectively. However, the major ecosystem function zones in the eastern part of China require more protection in the future.

Understanding taxi driver's cruising behavior with ZIP model

The taxi drivers' cruising pattern was learned using GPS trajectory data collected in Shenzhen,China.By employing zero-inflated Poisson model,the impacts of land use and previous pick-up experience on cruising decision were measured.The cruising strategies of different types of drivers as well as the top one driver were examined.The results indicate that both land use and previous pick-up experience affect travel behavior with the former's influence(7.07×10-4 measured by one of the coefficients in zero-inflated Poisson model) being greater than the latter's(4.58×10-5) in general,but the comparison also varies across the types of drivers.Besides,taxi drivers' day-to-day learning feature is also proved by the results.According to comparison of the cruising behavior of the most efficient and inefficient driver,an efficient cruising strategy was proposed,that is,obeying the distribution of land use in choice of cruising area,while learning from pick-up experience in selection of detailed cruising location.By learning taxi drivers' cruising pattern,the development of measures of regulating travel behaviors is facilitated,important factor for traffic organization and planning is identified,and an efficient cruising strategy for taxi drivers is provided.

Trifunctional strategy for the design and synthesis of a Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst with remarkable low-temperature sintering and coking resistance for methane dry reforming

In this study,a trifunctional strategy was developed to prepare a confined Ni-based catalyst(Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2))for dry reforming of methane(DRM)of two main greenhouse gases-CO_(2)and CH_(4).The Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst was fabricated by utilizing the confinement effect of the SiO_(2)shell and the synergistic interaction between Ni-Ce and the decoking effect of CeO_(2).The catalysts were systematically characterized via X-ray diffraction,N_(2 )adsorption/desorption,transmission electron microscopy,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,hydrogen temperature reduction and desorption set by program,oxygen temperature program desorption,Raman spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy measurements to reveal their physicochemical properties and reaction mechanism.The Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)catalyst exhibited higher activity and stability than the catalyst synthesized via the traditional impregnation method.In addition,no carbon deposition was detected over Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)after a 100 h durability test at 800℃,and the average particle size of Ni nanoparticles(NPs)in the catalyst increased from 5.01 to 5.77 nm.Remarkably,Ni-CeO_(2)@SiO_(2)also exhibited superior low-temperature stability;no coke deposition was observed when the catalyst was reacted at 600℃ for 20 h.The high coking and sintering resistance of this confined Ni-based DRM catalyst can be attributed to its trifunctional effect.The trifunctional strategy developed in this study could be used as a guideline to design other high-performance catalysts for CO_(2)and CH4 dry forming and accelerate their industrialization.

Stakeholders： the extension of service function of modem universities

Various ＂stakeholders＂ come into being around modern universities. Their emergence is based upon responsibility and contribution of extending university function to social public interest. Definitive stakeholders, expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders constitute the objects of universities achieving their service function. Thus, management mode of universities undertakes exploration and reform. Yet ignoring part of the management status of ＂stakeholders＂ can also affect that universities fulfill their social responsibilities and promote their service functions to some extent.

Research of the Response of Ecosystem to LUCC in Miyun County,Beijing:Based on Ecosystem Services Valuation

Miyun County,located in the northeast of Chinese capital Beijing,was underwent remarkable variations in land use in recent years.This paper aimed to detect changes in land use of Miyun from 1997 to 2005,and to qualify the response of ecosystem to LUCC based on ecosystem services valuation.With two-periods TM images,we got land use change data,and then ecosystem services values were calculated using ecosystem services valuation coefficients proposed by Chinese scholar Xie Gaodi.Results showed that water area,farm land and unused land decreased while residential land,forest land,grassland and orchard land increased during the study period.The loss of ESV was RMB 206 million and the main reason was the decrease of water area and farm land area.As for spatial variation,there were most dramatically land use change and ESV decline in reservoir ecological protection region.The coefficient sensitivity analysis indicates that valuation coefficients used in the study are suitable and results are reasonable.The driving forces of ESV loss were rapid population growth and economic development.More work should be done to make eco-environment stay healthy.

Rate-aware optimal transmission power analysis in wireless ad hoc networks

The problem of transmission power control in a rate-aware way is investigated to improve the throughput of wireless ad hoc network. The behavior of basic IEEE 802.11 DCF is approximated by the p-persistent CSMA through a Markov chain model. The throughput model takes hidden terminals, muhi-hop flow and concurrent interference into account. Numerical results show that the optimal transmission power derived from this model could balance the tradeoff between spatial reuse and data rate and hence yield maximum throughput.

Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia

AIM:To evaluate the effect of prokinetic drugs on electrogastrography(EGG) parameters according to symptomatic changes in patients with functional dyspepsia(FD).METHODS:Seventy-four patients with FD were prospectively enrolled in this study between December 2006 and December 2010.We surveyed the patients using a questionnaire on dyspeptic symptoms before and after an 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment.We also measured cutaneous pre-prandial and postprandial EGG recordings including percentage of gastric waves(normogastria,bradygastria,tachygastria),dominant frequency(DF),dominant power(DP),dominant frequency instability coefficient(DFIC),dominant power instability coefficient(DPIC),and the ratio of post-prandial to fasting in DP before and after the 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment.RESULTS:Fifty-two patients(70%) achieved symptomatic improvement after prokinetic drug treatment.Patients who had normal gastric slow waves showed symptom improvement group after treatment.Postprandial DF showed a downward trend in the symptom improvement group,especially in the itopride group.Post-prandial DP was increased regardless of symptom improvement,especially in the itopride group and mosapride group.Post-prandial DFIC and DPIC in the symptom improvement group were significantly increased after the treatment.The EGG power ratio was increased after treatment in the symptom improvement group(0.50 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 1.77,P = 0.002),especially in the itopride and levosulpiride groups.CONCLUSION:Prokinetics could improve the symptoms of FD by regulating gastric myoelectrical activity,and EGG could be a useful tool in evaluating the effects of various prokinetics.

Marital and Co-parenting Relationships After Divorce： Continuity and Discontinuity

Divorced parents are challenged by the task of creating new role identities as co-parents while no longer living together and being married. The process of families＇ reorganization, following divorce, can be studied in terms of emotional adjustment, co-parenting and family alliance. The aims of this work are to analyze the process（es） of reorganization, in a sample of Italian divorced families （n =104）, with regards to the constructs of adjustment to divorce, co-parenting and family alliance and to explore their relationships. Multi-method procedure involves both self-report measure for the evaluation of representations＇ level and observational measure for the evaluation of interactive models. Preliminary results indicate functional and dysfunctional pathways between the families and show the association between representation level and interactive practices. Results are discussed.