“包络法”在Ba(ZrTi)O_3铁电薄膜中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法在石英衬底上制备B a(Z rT i)O3铁电薄膜,U-3010紫外光谱仪测量BZT薄膜的透射光谱,光谱表明制备的BZT薄膜样品厚度均匀,利用“包络法”计算出薄膜的厚度约为301.3nm并得到薄膜的复折射率随入射光频率的变化曲线,进一步拟和出BZT薄膜的透射谱.研究表明在紫外光区到近红外光区“包络法”计算精度高.

“包络法”在Ba(ZrTi)O_3铁电薄膜中的应用

采用溶胶一凝胶法在石英衬底上制备Ba(ZrTi)O3铁电薄膜,U-3010紫外光谱仪测量BZT薄膜的透射光谱,光谱表明制备的BZT薄膜样品厚度均匀,利用“包络法”计算出薄膜的厚度约为301.3nm,并得到薄膜的复折射率随入射光频率的变化曲线,进一步拟和出BZT薄膜的透射谱。研究表明在紫外光区到近红外光区“包络法”计算精度高。

Measuring technical efficiency of Chinese nonferrous metals enterprises on a background of industry consolidation

Since 2009, Chinese nonferrous metals industry has been carried out industry consolidation with strong support by the central government. This work examined technical efficiency of Chinese nonferrous metals firms and its change during the period of 2007 and 2011. Based on financial data from nonferrous metals listed companies, technical efficiency of nonferrous metal minerals mining firms and nonferrous metal smelting, pressing and processing firms was estimated respectively using the data envelopment analysis （DEA） method. It was found that, in both sectors, number of pure technical and scale inefficient firms dominated over efficient ones. Overall, their technical and scale efficiency tended to be very low after 2009. In particular, efficiency scores of nonferrous metal smelting, pressing and processing firms fluctuated greatly during the research period. And a limited number of large leading firms were able to maintain 100% efficiency score in the industry, while efficiency of most of other leading firms has declined since 2009.

Quantum Solitons and Localized Modes in a One-Dimensional Lattice Chain with Nonlinear Substrate Potential

In the classical lattice theory, solitons and localized modes can exist in many one-dimensional nonlinear lattice chains, however, in the quantum lattice theory, whether quantum solitons and localized modes can exist or not in the one-dimensional lattice chains is an interesting problem. By using the number state method and the Hartree approximation combined with the method of multiple scales, we investigate quantum solirons and localized modes in a one-dimensional lattice chain with the nonlinear substrate potential. It is shown that quantum solitons do exist in this nonlinear lattice chain, and at the boundary of the phonon Brillouin zone, quantum solitons become quantum localized modes, phonons are pinned to the lattice of the vicinity at the central position j = j0.

Improved adaptive filter and its application in acoustic emission signals

In order to de-noise and filter the acoustic emission(AE) signal, the adaptive filtering technology is applied to AE signal processing in view of the special attenuation characteristics of burst AE signal. According to the contradiction between the convergence speed and steady-state error of the traditional least mean square(LMS) adaptive filter, an improved LMS adaptive filtering algorithm with variable iteration step is proposed on the basis of the existing algorithms. Based on the Sigmoid function, an expression with three parameters is constructed by function translation and symmetric transformation.As for the error mutation, e(k) and e(k-1) are combined to control the change of the iteration step. The selection and adjustment process of each parameter is described in detail, and the MSE is used to evaluate the performance. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly increases the convergence speed, reduces the steady-state error, and improves the performance of the adaptive filter. The improved algorithm is applied to the AE signal processing, and the experimental signal is demodulated by an empirical mode decomposition(EMD) envelope to obtain the upper and lower envelopes. Then, the expected function related to the AE signal is established. Finally, the improved algorithm is substituted into the adaptive filter to filter the AE signal. A good result is achieved, which proves the feasibility of adaptive filtering technology in AE signal processing.

Urban Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in China

The efficient use of water resources directly affects environmental, social, and economic development; therefore, it has a significant impact on urban populations. A slacks-based measure for data envelopment analysis （SBM-DEA） has been widely used in energy efficiency and environmental efficiency analyses in recent years. Based on this model, data from 316 cities were examined and a category method was employed involving three different sorting techniques to empirically evaluate the efficiency of urban water re- source utilization in China between 2000 and 2012. The overall efficiency （OE） of urban water resource utilization in China was initially low, but has improved over the past decade. The scale efficiency （SE） was higher than the pure technological efficiency （PTE）; PTE is a major determining factor of OE, and has had an increasingly significant effect. The efficiency of water resource utilization varied ac- cording to the region, urban scale, and economic function. The OE score for the eastern China was higher than for the rest of the region, and the OE score for the western China was higher than for the central China. The OE score for urban water resource utilization has improved with urban expansion, except in the case of small cities. The SE showed an inverted U-shaped＇ trend with increasing urban expansion. The OE of urban water utilization in comprehensive functional cities was greater than in economic specialization cities, and was greater in heavy industry specialization cities than in other specialization cities. This study contributes to the field of urban water resource management by examining variations in efficiency with urban ~ezle

Data Envelopment Analysis on Evaluating the Efficiency of Public Hospitals in Tianjin,China

Public hospitals are the most important components of health systems and account for a large proportion of health resources in China. However, few researches on the efficiency assessment of public hospitals have been conducted in Tianjin, China. On the basis of the data of annual health service report in 2013 from the Ministry of Health, we measured the relative efficiency of the tertiary general public hospitals in Tianjin and estimated the magnitudes of output increase and/or input reduction by using data envelopment analysis to improve hospital efficiency. The main findings of this study indicate that more than half of the sample hospitals operate at a technical and scale efficiency, and the prevalent scale inefficiency is increasing returns to scale. Moreover, it is a prominent issue that health resource constraint and resource waste coexist. Health policy-makers and hospital administrators would need to address these problems by taking comprehensive measures such as optimizing the allocation of health resources, implementing hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, as well as innovating medical-service operating mechanism of public hospital to improve the people's wellbeing.

Induction of IgA and sustained deficiency of cell proliferative response in chronic hepatitis C

AIM： In the present study, antibody and peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） proliferative responses against hepatitis C virus （HCV） antigens were evaluated in HCV chronically infected patients. METHODS： Paired serum and PBMC samples were taken six months apart from 34 individuals, either treated or not, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining. RSULTS： Over 70% of the patients showed specific IgG and IgM against capsid, E1 and NS3, while HVR-1 was recognized by half of the patients. An increase in the levels of the anti-capsid IgM （P = 0.027） and IgG （P = 0.0006） was observed in six-month samples, compared to baseline. Similarly, a significantly higher percent of patients had detectable IgA reactivity to capsid （P = 0.017） and NS3 （P = 0.005） after six months, compared to baseline. Particularly, IgA against structural antigens positively correlated with hepatic damage （P = 0.036）. IgG subclasses evaluation against capsid and NS3 revealed a positive recognition mediated by IgG1 in more than 80% of the individuals. On the contrary, less than 30% of the patients showed a positive proliferative response either of CD4＋ or CD8＋ T cells, being the capsid poorly recognized. CONCLUSION： These results confirm that while the cellular immune response is narrow and weak, a broad and vigorous humoral response occurs in HCV chronic infection. The observed correlation between IgA and hepatic damage may have diagnostic significance, although it warrants further confirmation.

Instantaneous phase inversion based on an unwrapping algorithm

The full-waveform inversion method is a high-precision inversion method based on the minimization of the misfit between the synthetic seismograms and the observed data.However,this method suffers from cycle skipping in the time domain or phase wrapping in the frequency because of the inaccurate initial velocity or the lack of low-frequency information.furthermore,the object scale of inversion is affected by the observation system and wavelet bandwidth,the inversion for large-scale structures is a strongly nonlinear problem that is considerably difficult to solve.In this study,we modify the unwrapping algorithm to obtain accurate unwrapped instantaneous phase,then using this phase conducts the inversion for reducing the strong nonlinearity.The normal instantaneous phases are measured as modulo 2π,leading the loss of true phase information.The path integral algorithm can be used to unwrap the instantaneous phase of the seismograms having time series and onedimensional(1 D)signal characteristics.However,the unwrapped phase is easily affected by the numerical simulation and phase calculations,resulting in the low resolution of inversion parameters.To increase the noise resistance and ensure the inversion accuracy,we present an improved unwrapping method by adding an envelope into the path integral unwrapping algorithm for restricting the phase mutation points,getting accurate instantaneous phase.The objective function constructed by unwrapping instantaneous phase is less affected by the local minimum,thereby making it suitable for full-waveform inversion.Further,the corresponding instantaneous phase inversion formulas are provided.Using the improved algorithm,we can invert the low-wavenumber components of the underneath structure and ensure the accuracy of the inverted velocity.Finally,the numerical tests of the 2 D Marmousi model and 3 D SEG/EAGE salt model prove the accuracy of the proposed algorithm and the ability to restore largescale low-wavenumber structures,respectively.

Territorial Competitiveness in a Globalised Economy： Regional Efficiency of the Mexican Service Sector

The existence of a solid service sector and some degree of specialisation in tertiary activities are among a number of territorial diversity of factors which need to be taken into account in relation to the creation of competitive capacities. In addition globalisation has presumably played a significant role in the productive restructuring of economies in which the service sector has had an increasing quantitative and qualitative importance over the years Therefore, an evaluation of the role of services in constructing regional competitive capacities is required. This paper aims at addressing indirectly the meaning of services on improving competitiveness by providing a wide-ranging analysis of regional efficiency of the Mexican service sector and its determinants as well as an overview of its territorial distribution and special isation patterns. We evaluate the patterns of concentration of the third sector and its branches, and specialisation of regions. The efficiency of the service sector in the NAFTA period is analysed further because of the impact of services on regional competitiveness. We employ state leve data to examine technical efficiency＇s differentials across regions and their determinants. The methodology includes data envelopment analysis to measure technical efficiency which is the dependent variable in a reduced form model that links regional performance with a number of proxies for various types of agglomeration economies such as specialisation, urbanisation and internal economies of scale

Envelope Periodic Solutions to One-Dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii Equation in Bose-Einstein Condensation

In this paper, applying the dependent and independent variables transformations as well as the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method, the envelope periodic solutions to one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation in Bose-Einstein condensates are obtained.

Envelope Periodic Solutions to Bose-Einstein Condensation in Linear Magnetic Field and Time-Dependent Laser Field

In this paper, by applying the extended 3acobi elliptic function expansion method, the envelope periodic solutions and corresponding dark soliton solution, bright soliton solution to Bose-Einstein condensation in linear magnetic field and time-dependent laser field are obtained.

Effectiveness of the Global Banking System in 2010： A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

The current crisis has revealed the weaknesses of the global financial in general and its banking system in particular and puts forward a requirement for assessing the effectiveness and stability of the banking sectors across countries. Based on available data from 64 countries over the world, the author tried to evaluate the effectiveness of the banking sectors in those countries through the view point of the data envelopment analysis approach to define how the global banking systems is under the effect of the current crisis. Findings from the research showed that banking systems in advanced economies are still more effective than in developing countries. Moreover, it explained the effect of the current financial crisis, the role of public finance （and the government）, and the development of the （privately） commercial banks to the effectiveness of the banking sectors. The research also explained some determinants that can affect the effectiveness of the banking system, including inflation, bank concentration, and level of economic development.

Efficiency Rankings of MBA Programs in Indian Top Public Colleges

This study examines the relative efficiency of the top 20 Indian public colleges that offer MBAs. These colleges were chosen from a list provided by Careers 360, a magazine in India known for its university rankings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the colleges on an efficiency basis rather than on a total score ranking scale as is the common practice of most publications that rank universities or programs. The ranking method used in this study is based on data envelopment analysis （DEA）, a nonparametric procedure for evaluating entities based upon examining inputs in relation to outputs achieved. The rankings using DEA were somewhat different than those given by Careers 360. The results of the DEA analysis of this study rank the universities that are the most efficient at getting students the best salaries and return on investment （ROI） based on the inputs of diversity, work experience, and residency. The authors conclude, as previous studies have shown, that DEA analysis is a useful and non-biased method of comparing university programs.

Research on technology innovation capability of equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai

Equipment manufacturing industry is an important symbol to measure the industrial strength, scientific and technological innovation ability and international competitiveness of a country or region. Firstly, this paper analyzes the development status of equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai, and then uses DEA to analyze the efficiency of technology innovation capability of equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai. The results show that the equipment manufacturing industry in Shanghai has stronger overall drawing ability, and besides, the technology innovation ability of the transportation equipment manufacturing industry is weak, other equipment manufacturing sub industries have relatively strong ability of technological innovation. This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the transportation equipment manufacturing industry and gives guidance and puts forward corresponding suggestions and measures.

An optimal on-site calibration method in measurement system of dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle

High-speed vehicle dynamic envelope curve is defined as the maximum limit outline affected by a variety of adverse factors while the train is running. Considering the difficulties in the current measurement system such as complicated calibration process,cumbersome aided-instruments,strict limitation of working distance, this paper carries out an optical method in which two high-speed cameras with variable-zoom lenses are adopted as binocular stereo sensors of measurement system and a high-ac-curacy 3D target with fast reconstruction is designed. The intrinsic parameters of the sensors and the relative positions between coordinate systems are solved by the method of colinearity constrained optimization algorithm. The calibration process is easy to operate and the device is also of portability. Most importantly, the severe working distance limitation between sensors and measured body is solved, enhancing the adaptability of measurement system to environment. Experimental results show that when the sensors are in the range of 8 -16 m away from the measured body, system accuracy can reach up to ±0. 5 mm, which meets the requirements to measure the dynamic envelope curve of high-speed vehicle.